In 2022,Ghanbari, Hamed; Robertson, Katherine N.; Clyburne, Jason A. C.; Soleimani, Ebrahim published an article in Canadian Journal of Chemistry. The title of the article was 《Betaine formation from the reactions of N-heterocyclic carbenes with polarized alkenes》.SDS of cas: 141556-45-8 The author mentioned the following in the article:
N-Heterocyclic carbenes, 1,3-dimesityl-2-imidazolylidene (1a, IMes) or 1,3-bis(2,6-di-isopropylphenyl)imidazolidinylidene (1b, SIPr) react with the polarized alkenes ArCH:CX2 to form the crystalline betaines NHC-CHArCX2 (3a, 3b; Ar = 4-MeOC6H4, X2 = CONMeCSNMeCO; NHC = IMes, SIPr) and IMes-CHAr1C(CN)2 (5a; Ar1 = 2-MeOC6H4). Furthermore, a one-pot reaction between an aldehyde, malononitrile, and an imidazolium salt of an N-heterocyclic carbene has been developed for the efficient preparation of betaine 5a without isolation of the free carbene. Full characterization data, including X-ray crystal structures, is reported for the three synthesized betaines. The structures of the betaines 3a, 3b, and 5a shed new light on the initial products formed in the reactions between N-heterocyclic carbenes and compounds containing polarized double bonds. In addition to this study using 1,3-Dimesityl-1H-imidazol-3-ium chloride, there are many other studies that have used 1,3-Dimesityl-1H-imidazol-3-ium chloride(cas: 141556-45-8SDS of cas: 141556-45-8) was used in this study.
1,3-Dimesityl-1H-imidazol-3-ium chloride(cas: 141556-45-8) is a ligand for arylation of aldehydes and for carbene catalyzed intermolecular arylation of C-H bonds. It is used as a phosphine-free ligand in various metal-catalyzed coupling reactions, often with advantageous results in difficult cases.SDS of cas: 141556-45-8
Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem