Month: October 2022

Kimura, Satoshi; Fujisaka, Aki; Obika, Satoshi published the artcile< Nucleobase derivatives induce in-source decay of oligonucleotides as new matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization matrices>, Product Details of C5H5N5, the main research area is nucleobase derivative oligonucleotide decay MALDITOF mass spectrometry.

Rationale : For quality control of oligonucleotide therapeutics, accurate and efficient structural characterization using mass spectrometry techniques, such as liquid chromatog./mass spectrometry (LC/MS) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), is essential. In MALDI MS anal., matrix selection is critical and a new matrix could enable more efficient and rapid structural anal. Methods : We hypothesized that nucleobase derivatives could act as matrixes more efficiently than the currently used matrixes for oligonucleotides because of structural similarity, which leads to close contact with the analyte. To evaluate their suitability as matrixes, 16 nucleobase derivatives were selected and tested as matrix candidates for oligonucleotide anal. Results : Six of the 16 nucleobase derivatives acted as matrixes for oligonucleotides. Particularly, 6-thioguanine (TG) performed well and induced clear in-source decay fragmentation. When TG or 2-amino-6-chloropurine was used as the matrix, oligonucleotides were ionized, and mainly the w and d fragment ions were observed Conclusions : Herein we demonstrate that a 10-mer RNA or DNA sequence can be successfully characterized using TG as matrix and suggest the possibility of using nucleobase derivatives as novel matrixes in oligonucleotide sequencing.

Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry published new progress about DNA Role: ANT (Analyte), BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), ANST (Analytical Study), BIOL (Biological Study) (6-mer, 10-mer, phosphorothioate 6-mer). 452-06-2 belongs to class imidazoles-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C5H5N5, Product Details of C5H5N5.

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Shi, Qin; Wang, Di; Ding, Xiaoying; Yang, Xiaoqing; Zhang, Yuquan published the artcile< Exosome-shuttled miR-7162-3p from human umbilical cord derived mesenchymal stem cells repair endometrial stromal cell injury by restricting APOL6>, Recommanded Product: p-Benzenediacrylanilide, 4′,4′′-di-2-imidazolin-2-yl-, dihydrochloride, the main research area is microRNA APOL exosome UCMSC endometrial stromal cell injury human; Endometrial injury; Exosome; Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell; Repair; miR-7162-3p.

Recent studies have shown that exosomes (Exos) derived from stem cells can be used as paracrine factors to regenerate cells and tissues via shuttling miRNAs. Exos derived from human umbilical cord derived mesenchymal stem cells (UCMSCs) have been found to alleviate mifepristone-induced endometrial stromal cell (ESC) injury in vitro. Information on the functions and mechanisms of Exos from UCMSC-induced endometrial repair is limited and requires more study. UCMSC-Exos were isolated and identified by Transmission Electron Microscopy, Nanoparticle Tracking Anal. software, and western blot assays. The damaged-ESC model and the UCMSC co-culture system were established, while GW4869, a noncompetitive neutral sphingomyelinase (N-SMase) inhibitor, was used to investigate the effects of UCMSC-Exos on mifepristone-induced ESC injury. Cell apoptosis of damaged ESCs treated with UCMSCs was detected using the TUNEL assay and flow cytometry anal. Then, miRNA microarrays were performed to detect differentially expressed miRNA profiles in both UCMSCs and ESCs after coculturing. A subset of upregulated miRNAs was validated by qRT-PCR, and miRNA mimics/inhibitor were used to investigate the functions of miR-7162-3p. The miRNA-mRNA interactions were predicted by Targetscan software, while the miRNA binding sites were predicted by miRcode software. Moreover, dual-luciferase reporter, western blot assays and qPCR were conducted to identify the regulatory mechanisms between miR-7162- 3p and APOL6. UCMSCs attenuated mifepristone-induced endometrial stromal cell apoptosis by Exos, while three miRNAs (miR-6831-5p, miR-4669, and miR-7162-3p) were both upregulated in UCMSCs and ESCs after coculture, and were candidate effectors of UCMSC-Exos-mediated endometrial repair. We showed that miR7162-3p was shuttled by Exos from UCMSCs and regulated the expression of APOL6 by targeting its 3′-UTR in ESCs. These results showed UCMSC-Exos protected ESCs from mifepristone-induced apoptosis and played an active role in repairing the damaged ESCs by in vitro shuttling of miR-7162-3p. The miR-7162-3p overexpressed UCMSC-Exos may therefore be used in cell-free therapy of endometrial injury.

Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics published new progress about 3′-Untranslated region Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 6823-69-4 belongs to class imidazoles-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C30H30Cl2N6O2, Recommanded Product: p-Benzenediacrylanilide, 4′,4′′-di-2-imidazolin-2-yl-, dihydrochloride.

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Tavakoli Dargani, Zahra; Singla, Reetu; Johnson, Taylor; Kukreja, Rakesh; Singla, Dinender K. published the artcile< Exosomes derived from embryonic stem cells inhibit doxorubicin and inflammation-induced pyroptosis in muscle cells>, Synthetic Route of 6823-69-4, the main research area is muscle exosome embryonic stem cell doxorubicin inflammation pyroptosis; doxorubicin; doxorubicine; inflammation; muscle; pyroptose; pyroptosis.

Doxorubicin (Dox) is an effective anticancer drug. Unfortunately, it causes cardiac and muscle toxicity due to increased oxidative stress and inflammation; however, it remains unknown whether Dox induces “”pyroptosis”” – an inflammation-mediated cell death. We investigated whether Dox induces pyroptosis in mouse soleus muscle (Sol 8) cells in vitro and to show the protective effect of embryonic stem cell exosomes (ES-exos) on pyroptosis. Dox and inflammation-induced in vitro model was generated. Pyroptosis was confirmed using immunohistochem. (with putative markers caspase-1, IL-1β, and pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-18) and Western blotting of caspase-1 and IL-1β. The results show significant increase in the expression of caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-18 following treatment with Dox, which was inhibited by ES-exos but not mouse embryonic fibroblast exosomes. Moreover, GW4869 compound inhibited functional activity of ES-exos, suggesting these vesicles are key players in the inhibition of pyroptosis. These results suggest that Dox induces inflammatory pyroptosis in Sol 8 cells, which is attenuated by ES-exos in vitro.

Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology published new progress about Embryonic fibroblast. 6823-69-4 belongs to class imidazoles-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C30H30Cl2N6O2, Synthetic Route of 6823-69-4.

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Salerno, Domenico; Marrano, Claudia Adriana; Cassina, Valeria; Cristofalo, Matteo; Shao, Qing; Finzi, Laura; Mantegazza, Francesco; Dunlap, David published the artcile< Nanomechanics of negatively supercoiled diaminopurine-substituted DNA>, Related Products of 452-06-2, the main research area is diaminopurine DNA conformation nanomechanics.

Single mol. experiments have demonstrated a progressive transition from a B- to an L-form helix as DNA is gently stretched and progressively unwound. The particular sequence of a DNA segment defines both base stacking and hydrogen bonding that affect the partitioning and conformations of the two phases. Naturally or artificially modified bases alter H-bonds and base stacking and DNA with diaminopurine (DAP) replacing adenine was synthesized to produce linear fragments with triply hydrogen-bonded DAP:T base pairs. Both unmodified and DAP-substituted DNA transitioned from a B- to an L-helix under physiol. conditions of mild tension and unwinding. This transition avoids writhing and the ease of this transition may prevent cumbersome topol. rearrangements in genomic DNA that would require topoisomerase activity to resolve. L-DNA displayed about tenfold lower persistence length than B-DNA. However, left-handed DAP-substituted DNA was twice as stiff as unmodified L-DNA. Unmodified DNA and DAP-substituted DNA have very distinct mech. characteristics at physiol. levels of neg. supercoiling and tension.

Nucleic Acids Research published new progress about Electrostatic potential. 452-06-2 belongs to class imidazoles-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C5H5N5, Related Products of 452-06-2.

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Zhang, Lina; Jiang, Yuan; Deng, Songyun; Mo, Yunan; Huang, Yan; Li, Wenchao; Ge, Chenglong; Ren, Xinshu; Zhang, Haisong; Zhang, Xiaolei; Peng, Qianyi; Liu, Zhiyong; Huang, Li; Zhou, Fan; Ai, Yuhang published the artcile< S100B/RAGE/Ceramide signaling pathway is involved in sepsis-associated encephalopathy>, Recommanded Product: p-Benzenediacrylanilide, 4′,4′′-di-2-imidazolin-2-yl-, dihydrochloride, the main research area is human sepsis encephalopathy SB RAGE ceramide signaling pathway; Ceramide; Drp1; Mitochondrial dynamics; RAGE; S100B; Sepsis-associated encephalopathy.

Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is one of the most common complications of sepsis, and it might lead to long-term cognitive dysfunction and disability. This study aimed to explore the role of S100 calcium binding protein B (S100B)/RAGE/ceramide signaling pathway in SAE. FPS-ZM1 (an inhibitor of RAGE), myriocin and GW4869 (an inhibitor of ceramide) were used to explore the role of S100B/RAGE/ceramide in acute brain injury and long-term cognitive impairment in sepsis. In addition, Mdivi-1 (inhibitor of Drp1) and Drp1 siRNA were utilized to assess the effects of C2-ceramide on neuronal mitochondria, and to explore the specific underlying mechanism in C2 ceramide-induced death of HT22 mouse hippocampal neuronal cells. Western blot anal. showed that sepsis significantly up-regulated S100B and RAGE. Nissl staining and Morris water maze (MWM) test revealed that inhibition of RAGE with FPS-ZM1 markedly attenuated cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced brain damage and cognitive dysfunction. Furthermore, FPS-ZM1 relieved sepsis-induced C2-ceramide accumulation and abnormal mitochondrial dynamics. Moreover, inhibition of ceramide also showed similar protective effects both in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, Mdivi-1 and Drp1 siRNA significantly reduced C2-ceramide-induced neuronal mitochondrial fragmentation and cell apoptosis in vitro. This study confirmed that S100B regulates mitochondrial dynamics through RAGE/ceramide pathway, in addition to the role of this pathway in acute brain injury and long-term cognitive impairment during sepsis.

Life Sciences published new progress about Advanced glycosylation end product receptors Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 6823-69-4 belongs to class imidazoles-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C30H30Cl2N6O2, Recommanded Product: p-Benzenediacrylanilide, 4′,4′′-di-2-imidazolin-2-yl-, dihydrochloride.

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Sadeghzadeh, Seyed Mohsen; Zhiani, Rahele published the artcile< Synthesis of pyridopyrimidinones by N-heterocyclic carbene palladium(II) supported on KCC-1 in aqueous solution>, Application of C4H5BrN2, the main research area is silica supported imidazolyl diiodopyridinepalladium nanocatalyst preparation; pyridopyrimidine preparation chemoselective; aminopyridine acrylate one pot palladium nanocatalyst.

New N,N’-substituted imidazolium salts supported on KCC-1 and their corresponding diiodopyridinepalladium (II) complexes (KCC-1/Pd-NHC-Py) was developed for synthesis of pyridopyrimidinones such as I [R = H, 7-F, 9-Me, etc.; R1 = Me, Bn] from 2-aminopyridines and Baylis-Hillman adducts in excellent yields with remarkable chemoselectivity. This morphol. ultimately led to higher catalytic activity for the KCC-1-supported nanoparticles. The KCC-1/Pd-NHC-Py NPs were thoroughly characterized by using TEM, FESEM, TGA, and BET.

Journal of Organometallic Chemistry published new progress about Aminopyridines Role: RCT (Reactant), RACT (Reactant or Reagent). 1003-21-0 belongs to class imidazoles-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C4H5BrN2, Application of C4H5BrN2.

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Novotny, Ales; Novotny, Jan; Kejnovska, Iva; Vorlickova, Michaela; Fiala, Radovan; Marek, Radek published the artcile< Revealing structural peculiarities of homopurine GA repetition stuck by i-motif clip>, Category: imidazoles-derivatives, the main research area is homopurine protein motif structural peculiarity.

Non-canonical forms of nucleic acids represent challenging objects for both structure-determination and investigation of their potential role in living systems. In this work, we uncover a structure adopted by GA repetition locked in a parallel homoduplex by an i-motif. A series of DNA oligonucleotides comprising GAGA segment and C3 clip is analyzed by NMR and CD spectroscopies to understand the sequence-structure-stability relationships. We demonstrate how the relative position of the homopurine GAGA segment and the C3 clip as well as single-base mutations (guanine deamination and cytosine methylation) affect base pairing arrangement of purines, i-motif topol. and overall stability. We focus on oligonucleotides C3GAGA and methylated GAGAC3 exhibiting the highest stability and structural uniformity which allowed determination of high-resolution structures further analyzed by unbiased mol. dynamics simulation. We describe sequence-specific supramol. interactions on the junction between homoduplex and i-motif blocks that contribute to the overall stability of the structures. The results show that the distinct structural motifs can not only coexist in the tight neighborhood within the same mol. but even mutually support their formation. Our findings are expected to have general validity and could serve as guides in future structure and stability investigations of nucleic acids.

Nucleic Acids Research published new progress about Deamination. 452-06-2 belongs to class imidazoles-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C5H5N5, Category: imidazoles-derivatives.

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Haneda, Satoshi; Okui, Ayaka; Ueba, Chigusa; Hayashi, Masahiko published the artcile< An efficient synthesis of 2-arylimidazoles by oxidation of 2-arylimidazolines using activated carbon-O2 system and its application to palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki-Heck reaction>, Application In Synthesis of 36947-69-0, the main research area is arylimidazoline activated carbon oxygen oxidation; imidazole aryl preparation; bromotoluene alkene palladium Mizoroki Heck arylimidazoline; alkene bromotoluene palladium Mizoroki Heck arylimidazole; methylphenyl alkene preparation; Mizoroki Heck catalyst palladium arylimidazoline; palladium Mizoroki Heck catalyst arylimidazole.

Oxidative conversion of 2-substituted imidazolines (dihydroimidazoles) to the corresponding imidazoles, e.g., I, was achieved by an activated carbon-O2 system. Also, the 2-arylimidazolines and 2-arylimidazoles have been found to work as simple ligands in the palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki-Heck reaction.

Tetrahedron published new progress about Aromatic hydrocarbons Role: RCT (Reactant), RACT (Reactant or Reagent) (imidazolinyl). 36947-69-0 belongs to class imidazoles-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C7H12N2, Application In Synthesis of 36947-69-0.

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Matsumoto, Akihiro; Takahashi, Yuki; Nishikawa, Makiya; Sano, Kohei; Morishita, Masaki; Charoenviriyakul, Chonlada; Saji, Hideo; Takakura, Yoshinobu published the artcile< Accelerated growth of B16BL6 tumor in mice through efficient uptake of their own exosomes by B16BL6 cells>, SDS of cas: 6823-69-4, the main research area is mouse melanoma tumor cell growth exosome; Biodistribution; exosomes; melanoma; proliferation; uptake.

Exosomes are extracellular vesicles released by various cell types and play roles in cell-cell communication. Several studies indicate that cancer cell-derived exosomes play important pathophysiol. roles in tumor progression. Biodistribution of cancer cell-derived exosomes in tumor tissue is an important factor for determining their role in tumor proliferation; however, limited studies have assessed the biodistribution of exosomes in tumor tissues. In the present study, we examined the effect of cancer-cell derived exosomes on tumor growth by analyzing their biodistribution. Murine melanoma B16BL6-derived exosomes increased the proliferation and inhibited the apoptosis of B16BL6 cells, which was associated with an increase and decrease in the levels of proliferation- and apoptosis-related proteins, resp. GW4869-induced inhibition of exosome secretion decreased the proliferation of B16BL6 cells, and treatment of GW4869-treated cells with B16BL6-derived exosomes restored their proliferation. Next, we treated B16BL6 tumors in mice with B16BL6-derived exosomes and examined the biodistribution and cellular uptake of these exosomes. After the intratumoral injection of radiolabeled B16BL6-derived exosomes, most radioactivity was detected within the tumor tissues of mice. Fractionation of cells present in the tumor tissue showed that fluorescently labeled exosomes were mainly taken up by B16BL6 cells. Moreover, intratumoral injection of B16BL6-derived exosomes promoted tumor growth, whereas intratumoral injection of GW4869 suppressed tumor growth. These results indicate that B16BL6 cells secrete and take up their own exosomes to induce their proliferation and inhibit their apoptosis, which promotes tumor progression.

Cancer Science published new progress about Apoptosis. 6823-69-4 belongs to class imidazoles-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C30H30Cl2N6O2, SDS of cas: 6823-69-4.

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Taylor, Steven J.; Abeywardane, Asitha; Liang, Shuang; Muegge, Ingo; Padyana, Anil K.; Xiong, Zhaoming; Hill-Drzewi, Melissa; Farmer, Bennett; Li, Xiang; Collins, Brandon; Li, John Xiang; Heim-Riether, Alexander; Proudfoot, John; Zhang, Qiang; Goldberg, Daniel; Zuvela-Jelaska, Ljiljana; Zaher, Hani; Li, Jun; Farrow, Neil A. published the artcile< Fragment-Based Discovery of Indole Inhibitors of Matrix Metalloproteinase-13 [Erratum to document cited in CA155:648013]>, Formula: C4H5BrN2, the main research area is erratum indole derivative structure MMP 13 inhibitor arthritis.

The PDB accession codes of MMP-13 in complex with 1, 10, and 15 are 5BOT, 5BOY, and 5BPA, resp.

Journal of Medicinal Chemistry published new progress about Antiarthritics. 1003-21-0 belongs to class imidazoles-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C4H5BrN2, Formula: C4H5BrN2.

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem