Month: October 2022

《Hyperbranched cationic polysaccharide derivatives for efficient siRNA delivery and diabetic wound healing enhancement》 was published in International Journal of Biological Macromolecules in 2020. These research results belong to Lan, Biyun; Wu, Junfeng; Li, Na; Pan, Chenglin; Yan, Li; Yang, Chuan; Zhang, Liming; Yang, Liqun; Ren, Meng. Computed Properties of C7H6N4O The article mentions the following:

Gene vectors are important for successful siRNA delivery. Four types of hyperbranched cationic polysaccharide derivatives (HCP) were synthesized by conjuncting 1,2-ethylenediamine (EDA) and diethylenetriamine (DETA) with glycogen or amylopectin resp. and named as G-EDA, G-DETA, A-EDA and A-DETA. The efficiency and safety of these HCPs to deliver siRNA were explored in vitro and in vivo. Our results showed that HCPs could form complexes with siRNA. All HCP/siRNA exhibited negligible cytotoxicity. Compared with A-EDA and A-DETA, G-EDA and G-DETA could carry much more siRNA into cells and then escape from endosomes. The delivery of MMP-9 siRNA (siMMP-9) by G-EDA and G-DETA significantly inhibited MMP-9 in HaCaT cells. Wound models in diabetic rats demonstrated that treatment of G-EDA/siMMP-9 could potently knock down MMP-9 of skin wound tissues and then enhanced wound healing. In summary, this study provided an effective and safe approach for siRNA delivery in vitro and in vivo.Di(1H-imidazol-1-yl)methanone(cas: 530-62-1Computed Properties of C7H6N4O) was used in this study.

Di(1H-imidazol-1-yl)methanone(cas: 530-62-1) is a peptide coupling reagent,it is used in the synthesis of peptides. Reacts readily with carboxylic acids to form acyl imidazoles; subsequent reaction with amines to form amides goes smoothly.Computed Properties of C7H6N4O

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

《TAT-functionalized PEI-grafting rice bran polysaccharides for safe and efficient gene delivery》 was written by Liu, Liang; Yan, Yujian; Ni, Danni; Wu, Shuheng; Chen, Yiran; Chen, Xin; Xiong, Xuemin; Liu, Gang. Safety of Di(1H-imidazol-1-yl)methanone And the article was included in International Journal of Biological Macromolecules in 2020. The article conveys some information:

Polysaccharides are considered to be promising candidates for non-viral gene delivery because of their mol. diversity, which can be modified to fine-tune their physicochem. properties. In this work, transcriptional activator protein (TAT) functionalized PEI grafted polysaccharide polymer (PRBP) was prepared by using rice bran polysaccharide as the starting material, and characterized by various methods. The potential of TAT functionalized PRBP (PRBP-TAT) as gene vector was studied in vitro, including DNA loading capacity, DNA protection ability and biocompatibility. The cell uptake and transfection efficiency of the PRBP-TAT/pDNA polyplexes were studied. The results showed that PRBP-TAT could completely condense DNA at N/P 2. The PRBP-TAT/pDNA polyplexes could protect DNA from degrading by DNase and were efficiently internalized by cells. Biocompatibility result showed that PRBP-TAT had no significant cytotoxicity and effect on cell proliferation. At low N/P ratios of 1-3.5, PRBP-TAT showed higher transfection efficiency than PEI30k and PEI30k-grafted rice bran polysaccharide. PRBP-TAT and PEI showed the highest transfection efficiency of 42.8% and 28.1% when pDNA is 2 ug and N/P ratio is 1.5, resp., while PRBP showed the highest transfection efficiency of 37.3% at N/P 2.5. These results indicate that PTA is a promising candidate vector for safe and efficient gene delivery. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Di(1H-imidazol-1-yl)methanone(cas: 530-62-1Safety of Di(1H-imidazol-1-yl)methanone)

Di(1H-imidazol-1-yl)methanone(cas: 530-62-1) is a peptide coupling reagent,it is used in the synthesis of peptides. Reacts readily with carboxylic acids to form acyl imidazoles; subsequent reaction with amines to form amides goes smoothly.Safety of Di(1H-imidazol-1-yl)methanone

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

《Linker substituents control thermodynamic stability in metal organic frameworks》 was written by Novendra, Novendra; Marrett, Joseph M.; Katsenis, Athanassios D.; Titi, Hatem M.; Arhangelskis, Mihails; Friscic, Tomislav; Navrotsky, Alexandra. Formula: C3H3BrN2 And the article was included in Journal of the American Chemical Society in 2020. The article conveys some information:

We report the first systematic exptl. and theor. study of the relationship between the linker functionalization and the thermodn. stability of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) using a model set of eight isostructural zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) based on 2-substituted imidazolate linkers. The frameworks exhibit a significant (30 kJ·mol-1) variation in the enthalpy of formation depending on the choice of substituent, which is accompanied by only a small change in molar volume. These energetics were readily reproduced by d. functional theory (DFT) calculations We show that these variations in the enthalpy of MOF formation are in linear correlation to the readily accessible properties of the linker substituent, such as the Hammett σ-constant or electrostatic surface potential. These results provide the first quantifiable relationship between the MOF thermodn. and the linker structure, suggesting a route to design and tune MOF stability. The results came from multiple reactions, including the reaction of 2-Bromo-1H-imidazole(cas: 16681-56-4Formula: C3H3BrN2)

2-Bromo-1H-imidazole(cas: 16681-56-4) is a member of imidazole. Its exclusive structural characteristics with enviable electron-rich features are favorable for imidazole-based fused heterocycles to bind efficiently with an array of enzymes and receptors in biological systems through various weak interactions like hydrogen bonds, ion-dipole, cation-π, π-π stacking, coordination, Van der Waals forces, hydrophobic effects, etc., and therefore they demonstrate widespread bioactivities. Formula: C3H3BrN2

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

《Potentially Prebiotic Activation Chemistry Compatible with Nonenzymatic RNA Copying》 was written by Zhang, Stephanie J.; Duzdevich, Daniel; Szostak, Jack W.. Application of 7720-39-0 And the article was included in Journal of the American Chemical Society in 2020. The article conveys some information:

The nonenzymic replication of RNA may have enabled the propagation of genetic information during the origin of life. RNA copying can be initiated in the laboratory with chem. activated nucleotides, but continued copying requires a source of chem. energy for in situ nucleotide activation. Recent work has illuminated a potentially prebiotic cyanosulfidic chem. that activates nucleotides, but its application to nonenzymic RNA copying had not been demonstrated. Here, we report a novel pathway that activates RNA nucleotides in a manner compatible with template-directed nonenzymic copying. We show that this pathway, which we refer to as bridge-forming activation, selectively yields the reactive imidazolium-bridged dinucleotide intermediate required for copying. Our results will enable more realistic simulations of RNA propagation based on continuous in situ nucleotide activation. In addition to this study using 1H-Imidazol-2-amine, there are many other studies that have used 1H-Imidazol-2-amine(cas: 7720-39-0Application of 7720-39-0) was used in this study.

1H-Imidazol-2-amine(cas: 7720-39-0) belongs to anime. Large quantities of aliphatic amines are made synthetically. The most widely used industrial method is the reaction of alcohols with ammonia at a high temperature, catalyzed by metals or metal oxide catalysts (e.g., nickel or copper). Mixtures of primary, secondary, and tertiary amines are thereby produced.Application of 7720-39-0

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

In 2022,Miyakoshi, Takeru; Niggli, Nadja E.; Baudoin, Olivier published an article in Angewandte Chemie, International Edition. The title of the article was 《Remote Construction of N-Heterocycles via 1,4-Palladium Shift-Mediated Double C-H Activation》.Reference of 1,3-Dimesityl-1H-imidazol-3-ium chloride The author mentioned the following in the article:

In the past years, Pd0-catalyzed C(sp3)-H activation provided efficient and step-economical methods to synthesize carbo- and heterocycles via direct C(sp2)-C(sp3) bond formation. Herein, a 1,4-Pd shift allows access to N-heterocycles which are difficult to build via a direct reaction. It is shown that o-bromo-N-methylanilines undergo a 1,4-Pd shift at the N-Me group, followed by intramol. trapping by C(sp2)-H or C(sp3)-H activation at another nitrogen substituent and remote C-C bond formation to generate biol. relevant isoindolines and β-lactams. The product selectivity is influenced by the employed ligand, with NHCs favoring the product of remote C-C coupling against products arising from direct C-C coupling and N-demethylation. The results came from multiple reactions, including the reaction of 1,3-Dimesityl-1H-imidazol-3-ium chloride(cas: 141556-45-8Reference of 1,3-Dimesityl-1H-imidazol-3-ium chloride)

1,3-Dimesityl-1H-imidazol-3-ium chloride(cas: 141556-45-8) is a ligand for arylation of aldehydes and for carbene catalyzed intermolecular arylation of C-H bonds. It is used as a phosphine-free ligand in various metal-catalyzed coupling reactions, often with advantageous results in difficult cases.Reference of 1,3-Dimesityl-1H-imidazol-3-ium chloride

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Electric Literature of C3H5N3In 2017 ,《Pyridine-pyrimidine amides that prevent HGF-induced epithelial scattering by two distinct mechanisms》 appeared in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters. The author of the article were Siddiqui-Jain, Adam; Hoj, Jacob P.; Hargiss, J. Blade; Hoj, Taylor H.; Payne, Carter J.; Ritchie, Collin A.; Herron, Steven R.; Quinn, Colette; Schuler, Jeffrey T.; Hansen, Marc D. H.. The article conveys some information:

Stimulation of cultured epithelial cells with scatter factor/hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) results in individual cells detaching and assuming a migratory and invasive phenotype. Epithelial scattering recapitulates cancer progression and studies have implicated HGF signaling as a driver of cancer metastasis. Inhibitors of HGF signaling have been proposed to act as anti-cancer agents. The authors previously screened a small mol. library for compounds that block HGF-induced epithelial scattering. Most hits identified in this screen exhibit anti-mitotic properties. Here the authors assess the biol. mechanism of a compound that blocks HGF-induced scattering with limited anti-mitotic activity. Analogs of this compound have one of two distinct activities: inhibiting either cell migration or cell proliferation with cell cycle arrest in G2/M. Each activity bears unique structure-activity relationships. The mechanism of action of anti-mitotic compounds is by inhibition of microtubule polymerization; these compounds entropically and enthalpically bind tubulin in the colchicine binding site, generating a conformational change in the tubulin dimer.1H-Imidazol-2-amine(cas: 7720-39-0Electric Literature of C3H5N3) was used in this study.

1H-Imidazol-2-amine(cas: 7720-39-0) belongs to anime. Amine, any member of a family of nitrogen-containing organic compounds that is derived, either in principle or in practice, from ammonia (NH3). Naturally occurring amines include the alkaloids, which are present in certain plants; the catecholamine neurotransmitters (i.e., dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine); and a local chemical mediator, histamine, that occurs in most animal tissues.Electric Literature of C3H5N3

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Related Products of 58-85-5In 2020 ,《Simultaneous Detection of Multiple Tumor Markers in Blood by Functional Liquid Crystal Sensors Assisted with Target-Induced Dissociation of Aptamer》 was published in Analytical Chemistry (Washington, DC, United States). The article was written by Qi, Lubin; Liu, Shuya; Jiang, Yifei; Lin, Jin-Ming; Yu, Li; Hu, Qiongzheng. The article contains the following contents:

Multiplex detection of tumor markers in blood with high specificity and high sensitivity is critical to cancer diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. Herein, we demonstrate a strategy for simultaneous detection of multiple tumor markers in blood by functional liquid crystal (LC) sensors assisted with target-induced dissociation (TID) of an aptamer for the first time. Magnetic beads (MBs) coated with an aptamer (apt1) are employed to specifically capture target proteins in blood. After incubation of the obtained protein-coated MBs with duplexes of another aptamer (apt2) and signal DNA, sandwich complexes of apt1/protein/apt2 are formed on the MBs due to specific recognition of target proteins by apt2, which induces release of signal DNA into the aqueous solution Subsequently, signal DNA is specifically recognized by highly sensitive DNA-laden LC sensors. Using this strategy, a 3D printed optical cell was employed to enable simultaneous detection of multiple tumor markers such as carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), and prostate specific antigen (PSA) with high specificity and high sensitivity. Overall, this effective and low-cost multiplex approach takes advantage of the easy separation of MBs, high specificity of aptamer-based recognition, and high sensitivity of functional LC sensors. Plus, it offers a performance that is competitive to that of com. ELISA kits without potential interference from hemolysis, which makes it very promising in multiplex detection of tumor markers in clin. applications. In the part of experimental materials, we found many familiar compounds, such as 5-((3aS,4S,6aR)-2-Oxohexahydro-1H-thieno[3,4-d]imidazol-4-yl)pentanoic acid(cas: 58-85-5Related Products of 58-85-5)

5-((3aS,4S,6aR)-2-Oxohexahydro-1H-thieno[3,4-d]imidazol-4-yl)pentanoic acid(cas: 58-85-5) may be used to elute proteins from avidin/streptavidin resins. It has been used for culturing of oligodendrocytes.Related Products of 58-85-5 And it has been used as a vitamin supplement for the growth of Bacillus species.

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Formula: C8H15BF4N2In 2019 ,《The Solubility of Carbon Dioxide and Density for Binary Mixtures of 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium Acetate and 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium Tetrafluoroborate》 was published in Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data. The article was written by Shaahmadi, Fariborz; Hashemi Shahraki, Bahram; Farhadi, Asadollah. The article contains the following contents:

The gas sweetening process requires an efficient solvent with strong absorption capability to capture acid gases from flue gas. Absorption can be strong by a chem. formation (as “”chem.”” absorption) or simple with no chem. reactions (as “”phys.”” absorption). The purpose of the present study was to compare the CO2 solubility of the chem. absorbing ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([Bmim][Ac]), with the phys. absorbing ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([Bmim][BF4]), as a function of temperature at (298.15 to 318.15) K for pressure up to 50 bar. In addition, the CO2 solubility for binary mixtures containing 75% [Bmim][Ac] + 25% [Bmim][BF4], 50% [Bmim][Ac] + 50% [Bmim][BF4] and 25% [Bmim][Ac] + 75% [Bmim][BF4] are measured over the same temperature range. Henry’s law constants are reported for the solubility of CO2 in the studied pure and mixed ionic liquids The d. of mixed ionic liquids is exptl. measured in T = 298.15 K, 308.15 K, and 318.15 K. The partial molar thermodn. functions of solvation, Gibbs free energy, enthalpy, and entropy are evaluated based on the variation of Henry’s law constants (as a representative of solubility) with temperature In the experiment, the researchers used 3-Butyl-1-methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium tetrafluoroborate(cas: 174501-65-6Formula: C8H15BF4N2)

3-Butyl-1-methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium tetrafluoroborate(cas: 174501-65-6) is a member of lonic liquids. Actually, lonic liquids as innovative fluids have received wide attention only during the past two decades. The number of SCI papers published on lonic liquids has exponentially increased from a few in 1996 to >5000 in 2016, exceeding the annual growth rates of other popular scientific areas. Formula: C8H15BF4N2

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

《[(NHC)NiIIH]-Catalyzed Cross-Hydroalkenylation of Cyclopropenes with Alkynes: Cyclopentadiene Synthesis by [(NHC)NiII]-Assisted C-C Rearrangement》 was published in Angewandte Chemie, International Edition in 2019. These research results belong to Huang, Jian-Qiang; Ho, Chun-Yu. Recommanded Product: 258278-25-0 The article mentions the following:

The cross-hydroalkenylation/rearrangement cascade (HARC), using a cyclopropene, e.g., 3′,4′-dihydrospiro[2-cyclopropene-1,1′(2’H)-naphthalene] and alkyne RCCR1 (R = H, CH3, C2H5, (CH2)2CH3, OC2H5; R1 = CH2OCH3, CH2OC6H5, cyclohexyl, etc.) as substrate pairs was achieved for the first time by using new [(NHC)Ni(allyl)]BArF (Ar = mesityl, diisopropylphenyl, 3-pentyl) catalysts (NHCN-heterocyclic carbenes). By controlling the (NHC)NiIIH relative insertion reactivity with cyclopropene and alkyne, a broad scope of cyclopentadienes, e.g., I was obtained with high selectivity. The structural features of new (NHC)NiII catalyst were important for the success of the reaction. The mild reaction conditions employed may serve as an entry for exploring (NHC)NiII-assisted vinylcyclopropane rearrangement reactivity. The experimental part of the paper was very detailed, including the reaction process of 1,3-Bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-3-ium chloride(cas: 258278-25-0Recommanded Product: 258278-25-0)

1,3-Bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-3-ium chloride(cas: 258278-25-0) may be used as a precursor to the free carbene 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-2-imidazolidinylidene, and also used as an in situ formed catalyst in a variety of reactions, e.g. amination, Heck coupling reaction, the ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP), hydrogenation.Recommanded Product: 258278-25-0In addition, it can efficiently catalyze the Suzuki-Miyaura coupling of aryl chlorides with aryl boronic acids.

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

In 2014,Angewandte Chemie, International Edition included an article by Jacob, Nicholas T.; Lockner, Jonathan W.; Kravchenko, Vladimir V.; Janda, Kim D.. Safety of Methyl 2-(methylthio)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole-1-carboxylate. The article was titled 《Pharmacophore Reassignment for Induction of the Immunosurveillance Cytokine TRAIL》. The information in the text is summarized as follows:

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is an immunosurveillance cytokine that kills cancer cells but demonstrates little toxicity against normal cells. While investigating the TRAIL-inducing imidazolinopyrimidinone TIC10, a misassignment of its active structure was uncovered. Syntheses of the two isomers, corresponding to the published and reassigned structures, are reported. The ability of each to induce TRAIL expression in macrophages was investigated and only the compound corresponding to the reassigned structure shows the originally reported activity; the compound corresponding to the published structure is inactive. Importantly, this structural reassignment has furnished a previously unknown antitumor pharmacophore. The results came from multiple reactions, including the reaction of Methyl 2-(methylthio)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole-1-carboxylate(cas: 60546-77-2Safety of Methyl 2-(methylthio)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole-1-carboxylate)

Methyl 2-(methylthio)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole-1-carboxylate(cas: 60546-77-2) belongs to imidazoles.Although other azole heterocycles are ubiquitous in a wide range of biologically active natural products, imidazole rings occur predominantly in the natural amino acid histidine. In addition, imidazole rings are part of unnatural cyclic peptides and are used as ester isosteres in peptidomimetic studies. Safety of Methyl 2-(methylthio)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole-1-carboxylate

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem