Month: October 2022

Akana, Jennifer A.; Bhattacharyya, Koyel X.; Mueller, Peter; Sadighi, Joseph P. published an article in Journal of the American Chemical Society. The title of the article was 《Reversible C-F Bond Formation and the Au-Catalyzed Hydrofluorination of Alkynes》.Computed Properties of C27H38AuClN2 The author mentioned the following in the article:

The gold(I) fluoride complex [(SIPr)AuF] [SIPr = 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazolin-2-ylidene] reacts reversibly with 3-hexyne to form a (β-fluorovinyl)gold(I) species. The more stable fluorovinyl complex trans-{(SIPr)Au[(Ph)C:C(F)CH3]}, formed by addition of [(SIPr)AuF] across 1-phenyl-1-propyne, has been characterized crystallog. Both the protonolysis of a (fluorovinyl)gold complex and the reaction of a cationic (alkyne)gold(I) complex with the mild HF source Et3N•3HF result in fluoroalkene formation. Electrophilic gold(I) complexes, supported by N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and generated in situ, catalyze the trans-hydrofluorination of internal alkynes at room temperature This catalysis represents a new, selective, and potentially versatile method for the synthesis of fluoroalkenes. In addition to this study using Chloro{1,3-bis[2,6-bis(1-methylethyl)phenyl]-4,5-dihydroimidazol-2-ylidene}gold(I), there are many other studies that have used Chloro{1,3-bis[2,6-bis(1-methylethyl)phenyl]-4,5-dihydroimidazol-2-ylidene}gold(I)(cas: 852445-84-2Computed Properties of C27H38AuClN2) was used in this study.

Chloro{1,3-bis[2,6-bis(1-methylethyl)phenyl]-4,5-dihydroimidazol-2-ylidene}gold(I)(cas: 852445-84-2) belongs to imidazoles.Imidazole rings are part of unnatural cyclic peptides and are used as ester isosteres in peptidomimetic studies.
Computed Properties of C27H38AuClN2 However, the application of imidazoles is not limited to the field of peptides and peptidomimetics.

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Karuvalam, Ranjith P.; Haridas, Karickal R.; Shetty, Suchetha N. published an article in Journal of the Chilean Chemical Society. The title of the article was 《Trimethylsilyl chloride-catalyzed synthesis of substituted benzimidazoles using two phase system under microwave conditions, and their antimicrobial studies》.Recommanded Product: 3-(1H-Benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)propan-1-ol The author mentioned the following in the article:

A convenient method using Me3SiCl (20 mol %) and microwave-induced technique for the synthesis of various benzimidazole is described. This reduced the reaction time drastically as well as improved the yield when compared to conventional heating. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities against four strains each. Some of the compounds indicated very good antimicrobial activity, comparable to the first line standard drugs. The most effective compounds exhibited activity at MIC of 6.25 μg/mL. In the experiment, the researchers used 3-(1H-Benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)propan-1-ol(cas: 2403-66-9Recommanded Product: 3-(1H-Benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)propan-1-ol)

3-(1H-Benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)propan-1-ol(cas: 2403-66-9) belongs to imidazoles.Although other azole heterocycles are ubiquitous in a wide range of biologically active natural products, imidazole rings occur predominantly in the natural amino acid histidine. In addition, imidazole rings are part of unnatural cyclic peptides and are used as ester isosteres in peptidomimetic studies. Recommanded Product: 3-(1H-Benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)propan-1-ol

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

In 2017,Fahrenbach, Albert C.; Giurgiu, Constantin; Tam, Chun Pong; Li, Li; Hongo, Yayoi; Aono, Masashi; Szostak, Jack W. published 《Common and Potentially Prebiotic Origin for Precursors of Nucleotide Synthesis and Activation》.Journal of the American Chemical Society published the findings.Category: imidazoles-derivatives The information in the text is summarized as follows:

We have recently shown that 2-aminoimidazole is a superior nucleotide activating group for nonenzymic RNA copying. Here we describe a prebiotic synthesis of 2-aminoimidazole that shares a common mechanistic pathway with that of 2-aminooxazole, a previously described key intermediate in prebiotic nucleotide synthesis. In the presence of glycolaldehyde, cyanamide, phosphate and ammonium ion, both 2-aminoimidazole and 2-aminooxazole are produced, with higher concentrations of ammonium ion and acidic pH favoring the former. Given a 1:1 mixture of 2-aminoimidazole and 2-aminooxazole, glyceraldehyde preferentially reacts and cyclizes with the latter, forming a mixture of pentose aminooxazolines, and leaving free 2-aminoimidazole available for nucleotide activation. The common synthetic origin of 2-aminoimidazole and 2-aminooxazole and their distinct reactivities are suggestive of a reaction network that could lead to both the synthesis of RNA monomers and to their subsequent chem. activation. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1H-Imidazol-2-amine(cas: 7720-39-0Category: imidazoles-derivatives)

1H-Imidazol-2-amine(cas: 7720-39-0) belongs to anime. Nitrous acid converts secondary amines (aliphatic or aromatic) to N-nitroso compounds (nitrosamines): R2NH + HNO2 → R2N―NO. Some nitrosamines are potent cancer-inducing substances, and their possible formation is a serious consideration when nitrites, which are salts of nitrous acid, are present in foods or pharmaceutical preparations. Tertiary amines give rise to nitrosamines more slowly; an alkyl group is eliminated as an aldehyde or ketone, along with nitrous oxide, N2O.Category: imidazoles-derivatives

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

In 2017,Qian, Ping; Deng, Yu; Mei, Haibo; Han, Jianlin; Pan, Yi published 《Metal-free nitroxyl radical-mediated β-C(sp3)-H amination of saturated ketones with heteroaryl halides: multiple roles of TEMPO》.Chemical Communications (Cambridge, United Kingdom) published the findings.Recommanded Product: 2-Chloro-1H-benzo[d]imidazole The information in the text is summarized as follows:

The first metal-free nitroxyl-radical-mediated β-amination of saturated ketones by using heteroaryl halides as amide precursors has been developed. This reaction proceeds through a cascade α-aminoxylation/Cope-like elimination/aza-Michael addition sequence to afford β-amino ketone derivatives with excellent yields. TEMPO plays multiple roles in the current β-amination process, including those of an oxidant, an α-aminoxylation reagent, a β-hydrogen acceptor, an in situ base, and an oxygen source. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Chloro-1H-benzo[d]imidazole(cas: 4857-06-1Recommanded Product: 2-Chloro-1H-benzo[d]imidazole)

2-Chloro-1H-benzo[d]imidazole(cas: 4857-06-1) is an analog of benzimidazole that has been synthesized by Langmuir adsorption isotherm. It is a white crystalline solid that can be dissolved in water and hydrochloric acid. 2-Chloro-1H-benzo[d]imidazole inhibits the growth of herpes simplex virus by acting as a competitive inhibitor for the viral enzyme thymidine kinase, which catalyzes the conversion of thymine to thymidine.Recommanded Product: 2-Chloro-1H-benzo[d]imidazole

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

In 2019,Analytical Chemistry (Washington, DC, United States) included an article by Wu, Yafeng; Zhang, Fen; Wang, Kan; Luo, Peicheng; Wei, Yuanqing; Liu, Songqin. Category: imidazoles-derivatives. The article was titled 《Activatable Fluorescence Imaging and Targeted Drug Delivery via Extracellular Vesicle-Like Porous Coordination Polymer Nanoparticles》. The information in the text is summarized as follows:

Cancer imaging with minimal background signal and targeted intracellular drug delivery are of vital importance in clin. cancer diagnosis and therapy. Herein, we developed a biomimetic nanoprobe for activated fluorescence imaging and targeted drug delivery. PH-responsive porous coordination polymer nanoparticles (PCP NPs) were first synthesized by a codeposition method, anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) was then loaded into PCP NPs through phys. and electrostatic adsorption (PCP-DOX), and finally the cell membranes extracted from Bel-7402 cancer cells were coated on the DOX-loaded PCP NPs (PCP-DOX-CM). The fluorescence of DOX was quenched due to the fluorescence resonance energy transfer between DOX and PCP NPs. Under acidic environment inside cancer cells, PCP NPs degraded, DOX was released from PCP-DOX-CM, and the fluorescence of DOX was activated, which was very specific for cancers with a high signal-to-noise ratio. Benefited from immune escaping and homologous targeting ability from cancer cell membranes, compared with PCP-CM and PCP-DOX, PCP-DOX-CM significantly enhanced the cellular endocytosis of DOX in Bel-7402 cancer cells and exhibited excellent cancer therapy effect in vitro. Together, our work provides a useful platform for an activated cancer imaging system and personalized cancer treatment. After reading the article, we found that the author used Di(1H-imidazol-1-yl)methanone(cas: 530-62-1Category: imidazoles-derivatives)

Di(1H-imidazol-1-yl)methanone(cas: 530-62-1) is a peptide coupling reagent,it is used in the synthesis of peptides. Reacts readily with carboxylic acids to form acyl imidazoles; subsequent reaction with amines to form amides goes smoothly.Category: imidazoles-derivatives

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

In 2019,Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology included an article by Nosrati, Hamed; Barzegari, Parisa; Danafar, Hossein; Kheiri Manjili, Hamidreza. HPLC of Formula: 58-85-5. The article was titled 《Biotin-functionalized copolymeric PEG-PCL micelles for in vivo tumour-targeted delivery of artemisinin》. The information in the text is summarized as follows:

Artemisinin is used as an antimalarial and anticancer agent with minimal toxic effects on the host body. Biotin-PEG-PCL polymers have been used for targeted drug delivery to cancer, as well as to improve the pharmacokinetics of the drug and reduce its effects. In this study, biotin-conjugated copolymers were fabricated with polymerization of the ring opening method and the properties of copolymer and nanoparticles were investigated using various techniques. The toxicity of artemisinin and its nanoparticles have been investigated on MCF-7 and normal HFF2 cells. The results showed that the encapsulation efficacy of artemisinin in nanoparticles was 45.5 ± 0.41%. The release profile of the drug indicates that the release is slow and controlled and is approx. pH dependent. The results of artemisinin cell culture on human breast cancer cells showed that biotin-PEG-PCL nanoparticles had an inhibitory effect on MCF-7 cells and had no toxic effects on HFF2 cells. Anticancer activity in vivo in the 4T1 breast cancer model showed that tumor volumes were decreased up 40 mm3 by ART-loaded micelles and 76 mm3 by free ART, compared to the control group (2150 mm). In vivo results showed that this formulation significantly increases the accumulation of substances in the tumors. Therefore, the mol. formulation of ART-based copolymers can be a desirable process for cancer treatment purposes. The experimental part of the paper was very detailed, including the reaction process of 5-((3aS,4S,6aR)-2-Oxohexahydro-1H-thieno[3,4-d]imidazol-4-yl)pentanoic acid(cas: 58-85-5HPLC of Formula: 58-85-5)

5-((3aS,4S,6aR)-2-Oxohexahydro-1H-thieno[3,4-d]imidazol-4-yl)pentanoic acid(cas: 58-85-5) may be used to elute proteins from avidin/streptavidin resins. It has been used for culturing of oligodendrocytes.HPLC of Formula: 58-85-5 The biotin/avidin or biotin/streptavidin interaction is utilized in many labeling and purification schemes.

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

In 2019,International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer included an article by Chu, Chunyan; Zhang, Fanbin; Zhu, Chunying; Fu, Taotao; Ma, Youguang. SDS of cas: 174501-65-6. The article was titled 《Mass transfer characteristics of CO2 absorption into 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate aqueous solution in microchannel》. The information in the text is summarized as follows:

The mass transfer characteristics of CO2 absorption into aqueous solution of ionic liquid in microchannel was investigated exptl. by a high speed camera. The influences of the ratio of gas and liquid flow rates (QG/QL) and the concentration of ionic liquid on the liquid side volumetric mass transfer coefficient (kLa), liquid side mass transfer coefficient (kL) and length of mass transfer zone (LM) were studied systematically. The results show that both kLa and kL increase but LM decreases with the increasing QG/QL and the concentration of ionic liquid Taking the enhancement of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([bmim][BF4]) on the mass transfer into account, a dimensionless correlation for predicting kLa was proposed. This work is conducive to the design, optimization and the application of the microchannel reactor for CO2 capture and removal. After reading the article, we found that the author used 3-Butyl-1-methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium tetrafluoroborate(cas: 174501-65-6SDS of cas: 174501-65-6)

3-Butyl-1-methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium tetrafluoroborate(cas: 174501-65-6) is a member of lonic liquids. A multidisciplinary study on lonic liquids is emerging, including chemistry, materials science, chemical engineering, and environmental science. More specifically, some important fundamental viewpoints are now different from the original concepts, as insights into the nature of lonic liquids become deeper. For example, the physicochemical properties of lonic liquids are now recognized as ranging broadly from the oft quoted “nonvolatile, non-flammable, and air and water stable” to those that are distinctly volatile, flammable, and unstable. SDS of cas: 174501-65-6

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

The author of 《Aggregation-induced emission: lighting up herg potassium channel》 were Zhang, Xiaomeng; Liu, Tingting; Li, Qi; Li, Minyong; Du, Lupei. And the article was published in Frontiers in Chemistry (Lausanne, Switzerland) in 2019. Category: imidazoles-derivatives The author mentioned the following in the article:

Based on the scaffold of astemizole and E-4031, four AIE light-up probes (L1-L4) for Human Ether-a-go-go-Related Gene (hERG) potassium channel were developed herein using AIE fluorogen(TPE). These probes showing advantages such as low background interference, superior photostability, acceptable cell toxicity, and potent inhibitory activity, which could be used to image hERG channels at the nanomolar level. These AIE light-up probes hoped to provide guidelines for the design of more advanced AIE sensing and imaging hERG channels to a broad range of applications. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Chloro-1H-benzo[d]imidazole(cas: 4857-06-1Category: imidazoles-derivatives)

2-Chloro-1H-benzo[d]imidazole(cas: 4857-06-1) is an analog of benzimidazole that has been synthesized by Langmuir adsorption isotherm. It is a white crystalline solid that can be dissolved in water and hydrochloric acid. 2-Chloro-1H-benzo[d]imidazole inhibits the growth of herpes simplex virus by acting as a competitive inhibitor for the viral enzyme thymidine kinase, which catalyzes the conversion of thymine to thymidine.Category: imidazoles-derivatives

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

The author of 《Hydrogen bonding promoted simple and clean photo-induced reduction of C-X bond with isopropanol》 were Cao, Dawei; Yan, Chaoxian; Zhou, Panpan; Zeng, Huiying; Li, Chao-Jun. And the article was published in Chemical Communications (Cambridge, United Kingdom) in 2019. Name: 2-Chloro-1H-benzo[d]imidazole The author mentioned the following in the article:

We herein report a simple and clean photo-induced metal-free reduction of C-X bond under an atm. of air at room temperature Isopropanol is used as both the reducing reagent and solvent [e.g., Me 4-iodobenzoate → Me benzoate (96%) under UV irradiation in isopropanol]. Various functional groups (acids, esters, alcs., anilines, phenols, indoles, pyridines, cyano and trifluoromethyl groups) and other heterocyclic compounds are tolerated. Different organic halides (including C-I, C-Br and C-Cl bonds) can be dehalogenated with moderate to excellent yields. Polyhalides are also reduced chemoselectively and efficiently. DFT calculation suggests a six-membered ring transition state via C-X···H-O hydrogen bonding to decrease the activation energy. After reading the article, we found that the author used 2-Chloro-1H-benzo[d]imidazole(cas: 4857-06-1Name: 2-Chloro-1H-benzo[d]imidazole)

2-Chloro-1H-benzo[d]imidazole(cas: 4857-06-1) is an analog of benzimidazole that has been synthesized by Langmuir adsorption isotherm. It is a white crystalline solid that can be dissolved in water and hydrochloric acid. 2-Chloro-1H-benzo[d]imidazole inhibits the growth of herpes simplex virus by acting as a competitive inhibitor for the viral enzyme thymidine kinase, which catalyzes the conversion of thymine to thymidine.Name: 2-Chloro-1H-benzo[d]imidazole

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

《Imidazolium-based ionic liquids cause mammalian cell death due to modulated structures and dynamics of cellular membrane》 was written by Bakshi, Karishma; Mitra, Saheli; Sharma, Veerendra Kumar; Jayadev, Magani Sri Krishna; Sakai, Victoria Garcia; Mukhopadhyay, Ramaprasad; Gupta, Ashish; Ghosh, Sajal Kumar. Category: imidazoles-derivatives And the article was included in Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, Biomembranes in 2020. The article conveys some information:

Here, we report the toxic effects of various imidazolium-based ionic liquids (ILs) with varying hydrocarbon chain lengths, on different human cell lines. Multiple biol. assays have shown that the ILs with long hydrocarbon chains have stronger adverse effect especially on human liver cancer cells (Huh-7.5 cells). Further, our study has confirmed that the ILs induce necrosis dependent cell death and that it is related to cell membrane damage. To understand the mol. mechanism of such an effect, the cellular membranes were mimicked as lipid monolayers formed at the air-water interface and then as lipid bilayer vesicles. The pressure area-isotherms measured from the monolayer have shown that the interaction of ILs with the lipid layer is energetically favorable. The addition of these ILs reduces the in-plane elasticity of the self-assembled mol. layer. Quasielastic neutron scattering data clearly indicate that ILs in liver lipid vesicles significantly affects the dynamics of the lipid, in particular, the lateral motion of the lipids. It has been concluded that the mammalian cell death induced by these ILs is due to the modulated structure and altered phys. properties of the cellular membrane. In the part of experimental materials, we found many familiar compounds, such as 3-Butyl-1-methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium tetrafluoroborate(cas: 174501-65-6Category: imidazoles-derivatives)

3-Butyl-1-methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium tetrafluoroborate(cas: 174501-65-6) is a member of lonic liquids. A multidisciplinary study on lonic liquids is emerging, including chemistry, materials science, chemical engineering, and environmental science. More specifically, some important fundamental viewpoints are now different from the original concepts, as insights into the nature of lonic liquids become deeper. For example, the physicochemical properties of lonic liquids are now recognized as ranging broadly from the oft quoted “nonvolatile, non-flammable, and air and water stable” to those that are distinctly volatile, flammable, and unstable. Category: imidazoles-derivatives

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem