Month: October 2022

Wang, Xuan; Yin, Xuzhi; Yang, Yonghua published the artcile< Rasal2 suppresses breast cancer cell proliferation modulated by secretory autophagy>, SDS of cas: 6823-69-4, the main research area is breast cancer cell proliferation Rasal2 secretory autophagy; Breast cancer; Cell proliferation; Exosomal release; Rasal2; Secretory autophagy.

Rasal2, a Ras-GTPase-activating protein (RasGAP), is a tumor suppressor in Luminal B breast cancer, frequently metastatic and recurrent. Exosomes (Exos) are small membrane vesicles secreted by various cell types, including tumor cells, recognized as vehicles for cell-to-cell communication. Our study aimed to investigate whether Rasal2 regulates breast cancer cell growth via affecting this process. In this paper, we described that Rasal2 knockout (KO) in MCF-7 cells enhanced exosomal release and increased autophagy-related proteins in exosomal fraction, while attenuated by exosome release inhibitor GW4869. Moreover, MCF-7 cells with chloroquine (CQ) treatment boosted Rasal2 KO-induced secretory autophagy. In addition, we presented that exosomes derived from KO MCF-7 cells (KO-exo) significantly promoted breast cancer cell proliferation compared to those from MCF-7 cells transfected with an empty crispr-cas9 plasmid serving as controls (sgNT-exo); however, exosomes purified from KO MCF-7 cells co-cultured with 3-methyladenine ((3-MA + KO)-exo)/CQ ((CQ + KO)-exo) dramatically inhibited/facilitated MCF-7 cell proliferation in contrast to KO-exo group, sep. In conclusion, our findings revealed a new mechanism of Rasal2 in the regulation of breast cancer cell proliferation via autophagy-exo-mediated pathway.

Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry published new progress about Animal gene Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study) (Rasal2). 6823-69-4 belongs to class imidazoles-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C30H30Cl2N6O2, SDS of cas: 6823-69-4.

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Besseau, Francois; Graton, Jerome; Berthelot, Michel published the artcile< A theoretical evaluation of the pKHB and ΔH-HB hydrogen-bond scales of nitrogen bases>, COA of Formula: C4H5BrN2, the main research area is theory pK hydrogen bond basicity nitrogen base.

The exptl. pKHB hydrogen-bond (HB) basicity scale and the corresponding ΔH-hB enthalpic scale of nitrogen compounds are extended and analyzed in light of simple theor. descriptors using the B3LYP d. functional method and a medium-size basis set (6-31 + G(d,p)). The selected training set includes 59 monofunctional unhindered nitrogen bases for which homogeneous and accurate exptl. pKHB and ΔH-HB data have been determined by means of the association equilibrium of the bases with a reference hydrogen-bond acid, 4-fluorophenol, in CCl4. The three hybridization states encountered in the nitrogen atom, sp, sp2 and sp3, are equally represented in this data set. A proper estimation of their exptl. enthalpy (ΔH-HB) is directly attainable from the theor. enthalpy of the complexation reaction with hydrogen fluoride (ΔH-(HF)). However, a second parameter is required to calculate with good accuracy the exptl. free energy of association represented by pKHB. About 99% of the variance of the pKHB scale is described by a bilinear equation using the min. electrostatic potential (VS,min) of the monomer in addition to the interaction energy (D(HF)0). The equations are tested for an external set of 99 addnl. compounds including very different nitrogen bases such as ortho-substituted pyridines, polyazines and azoles. Theor. calculations give a reliable estimation of hydrogen-bond basicity provided that the populations of the different isomers of the bases are taken into account by using the Boltzmann law, and that a specific halogen-bond interaction with the solvent CCl4 is considered for polybasic mols. The pKHB scale can thus be extended to important classes of species exptl. inaccessible in CCl4, to polynitrogen compounds and to mols. of biol. significance.

Chemistry – A European Journal published new progress about Complexation enthalpy (Hydrogen bond). 1003-21-0 belongs to class imidazoles-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C4H5BrN2, COA of Formula: C4H5BrN2.

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Li, Ying; Liu, Kai; Wang, Boxu; Liu, Zheng; Yang, Chuanyu; Wang, Junyang; Ma, Xinyue; Li, Hongxia; Sun, Chunyan published the artcile< Engineering DNAzyme strategies for fluorescent detection of lead ions based on RNA cleavage-propelled signal amplification>, Name: 7H-Purin-2-amine, the main research area is 2-Aminopurine; Fluorescent Biosensor; GR5 DNAzyme; Lead ion; Ti(3)C(2)T(X) MXenes.

Based on the high recognition ability and flexible programmability of GR5 DNAzyme, two fluorescent biosensors were engineered for amplified detection of Pb2+ via incorporating Ti3C2TX MXenes and embedding 2-aminopurine (2-AP), resp. The quencher-required approach relied on the DNA affinity and fluorescence quenching ability of Ti3C2TX MXenes. Benefiting from the low background signal modulated by Ti3C2TX MXenes, the sensitive determination of Pb2+ was achieved in the linear range of 0.2-10 ng mL-1 with the limit of detection (LOD) of 0.05 ng mL-1. The quencher-free approach combined the fluorescent trait of 2-AP embedded in DNA structure, and the RNA cleavage-propelled digestion process of Exonuclease I (Exo I) for signal amplification, indicating the sensitive detection of Pb2+ with the LOD as low as 0.02 ng mL-1 in the linear range of 0.1-10 ng mL-1. Both DNAzyme assays exhibited simple procedures, favorable specificity, rapid anal., and satisfactory application in standard reference materials (lead in drinking water) and spiked water samples. The two fluorescent biosensors established in this work would not only provide theoretic fundament for DNA adsorption of Ti3C2TX MXenes and the design of 2-AP-embedded DNAzyme assays, but also hold a great potential for on-site monitoring of lead pollution in water samples.

Journal of Hazardous Materials published new progress about 452-06-2. 452-06-2 belongs to class imidazoles-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C5H5N5, Name: 7H-Purin-2-amine.

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Letavic, Michael A.; Ly, Kiev S. published the artcile< Microwave assisted, palladium catalyzed aminocarbonylations of heteroaromatic bromides using solid Mo(CO)6 as the carbon monoxide source>, Application of C4H5BrN2, the main research area is heteroaromatic amide preparation microwave irradiation; amine heteroaromatic bromide molybdenum carbonyl aminocarbonylation amidation palladium catalysis.

The direct conversion of a variety of heteroaromatic bromides into heteroaromatic amides is described. This reaction utilizes Mo(CO)6 as the carbon monoxide source and is performed using microwave heating allowing for very short reaction times. This convenient methodol. allows for the preparation of a variety of heteroaromatic amides, e.g. I, which are useful in medicinal chem. applications.

Tetrahedron Letters published new progress about Amidation. 1003-21-0 belongs to class imidazoles-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C4H5BrN2, Application of C4H5BrN2.

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Kamiya, Yukiko; Sato, Fuminori; Murayama, Keiji; Kodama, Atsuji; Uchiyama, Susumu; Asanuma, Hiroyuki published the artcile< Incorporation of Pseudo-complementary Bases 2,6-Diaminopurine and 2-Thiouracil into Serinol Nucleic Acid (SNA) to Promote SNA/RNA Hybridization>, Quality Control of 452-06-2, the main research area is diaminopurine thiouracil serinol nucleic acid RNA hybridization; 2,6-diaminopurine; 2-thiouracil; acyclic nucleic acid; pseudo complementary base; serinol nucleic acid.

Serinol nucleic acid (SNA) is a promising candidate for nucleic acid-based mol. probes and drugs due to its high affinity for RNA. The authors’ previous work revealed that incorporation of 2,6-diaminpurine (D), which can form three hydrogen bonds with uracil, into SNA increases the melting temperature of SNA-RNA duplexes. However, D incorporation into short self-complementary regions of SNA promoted self-dimerization and hindered hybridization with RNA. Here the authors synthesized a SNA monomer of 2-thiouracil (sU), which was expected to inhibit base pairing with D by steric hindrance between sulfur and the amino group. To prepare the SNA containing D and sU in high yield, the authors customized the protecting groups on D and sU monomers that can be readily deprotected under acidic conditions. Incorporation of D and sU into SNA facilitated stable duplex formation with target RNA by suppressing the self-hybridization of SNA and increasing the stability of the heteroduplex of SNA and its complementary RNA. The authors’ results have important implications for the development of SNA-based probes and nucleic acid drugs.

Chemistry – An Asian Journal published new progress about Nucleic acid hybridization (SNA-RNA). 452-06-2 belongs to class imidazoles-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C5H5N5, Quality Control of 452-06-2.

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Gate, G.; Williams, A.; Haggmark, M. R.; Svadlenak, N. D.; Hill, G.; De Vries, M. S. published the artcile< Nucleobases as molecular fossils of prebiotic photochemistry: excited-state dynamics of C2 and C6 substituted purines>, Application In Synthesis of 452-06-2, the main research area is nucleobase substituted purine mol fossil prebiotic dynamic photochem.

The nucleobases that are involved in replication exhibit short excited-state lifetimes which provide high intrinsic stability against otherwise harmful UV photo-damage. UV protection comes about when electronic excitation is converted to heat by internal conversion at rates too fast for other more harmful reactive pathways to occur while subsequently safely dissipating the energy to the environment. The canonical nucleobases generally decay in less than 1 ps, orders of magnitude faster than in most other heterocyclic compounds This property would have been highly advantageous for the first self-replicating mols. in prebiotic times before modern enzymic repair or the formation of the ozone layer that would later attenuate the high levels of UV radiation penetrating the early atm. The safe elimination of excess electronic energy in the canonical bases is exquisitely sensitive to mol. structure and much slower relaxation is observed in many closely related structures. These many variations of the canonical nucleobases, such as different derivatives and analogs, would likely have been present in a primordial soup. Alternative combinations of mol. building blocks would conceivably have been possible to for.

Comprehensive Series in Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences published new progress about Aquation. 452-06-2 belongs to class imidazoles-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C5H5N5, Application In Synthesis of 452-06-2.

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Wu, Xiaolin; Cao, Bo; Aquino, Patricia; Chiu, Tsu-Pei; Chen, Chao; Jiang, Susu; Deng, Zixin; Chen, Shi; Rohs, Remo; Wang, Lianrong; Galagan, James E.; Dedon, Peter C. published the artcile< Epigenetic competition reveals density-dependent regulation and target site plasticity of phosphorothioate epigenetics in bacteria>, Name: 7H-Purin-2-amine, the main research area is phosphorothioate epigenetics transcription regulation Salmonella; ChIP-seq; DNA modification; DNA target selection; epigenetics; restriction-modification.

Phosphorothioate (PT) DNA modifications-in which a nonbonding phosphate oxygen is replaced with sulfur-represent a widespread, horizontally transferred epigenetic system in prokaryotes and have a highly unusual property of occupying only a small fraction of available consensus sequences in a genome. Using Salmonella enterica as a model, we asked a question of fundamental importance: How do the PT-modifying DndA-E proteins select their GPSAAC/GPSTTC targets. Here, we applied innovative anal., sequencing, and computational tools to discover a novel behavior for DNA-binding proteins: The Dnd proteins are “”parked”” at the G6mATC Dam methyltransferase consensus sequence instead of the expected GAAC/GTTC motif, with removal of the 6mA permitting extensive PT modification of GATC sites. This shift in modification sites further revealed a surprising constancy in the d. of PT modifications across the genome. Computational anal. showed that GAAC, GTTC, and GATC share common features of DNA shape, which suggests that PT epigenetics are regulated in a d.-dependent manner partly by DNA shape-driven target selection in the genome.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America published new progress about Animal gene Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), PRP (Properties), BIOL (Biological Study) (ang43). 452-06-2 belongs to class imidazoles-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C5H5N5, Name: 7H-Purin-2-amine.

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Martinez-Fernandez, Lara; Arslancan, Serra; Ivashchenko, Dmytro; Crespo-Hernandez, Carlos E.; Corral, Ines published the artcile< Tracking the origin of photostability in purine nucleobases: the photophysics of 2-oxopurine>, Safety of 7H-Purin-2-amine, the main research area is photostability purine nucleobase photophysics oxopurine.

This work scrutinizes the relaxation mechanism of 2-oxopurine. Contrary to its ancestor, purine, which is a UVC chromophore, 2-oxopurine shows a red-shifted absorption spectrum centered in the UVA region. In 2-oxopurine, relaxation along the ππ* spectroscopic state directs the population from the Franck-Condon (FC) region towards a min., which acts as a crossroad for the further decay of the system either to triplet states or, alternatively, to the ground state through a C6-puckered S1/S0 funnel. A comparison of the optical properties and excited state potential energy surfaces of purine, 2-oxopurine, 2-aminopurine, 6-oxopurine and adenine, allows establishing how the position and nature of substituent tune the photophysics of purine. For this series, we conclude that both C2 and C6 substitution red shift the absorption spectrum of purine, with 2-oxo substitution exhibiting the largest shift. An important exception is the canonical nucleobase adenine, which presents a blue shifted absorption spectrum. The topog. of purine’s ππ* potential energy surface experiences major changes when functionalized at the C6 position. In particular, the disappearance of the min. along the ππ* potential energy surface efficiently funnels the excited state population from the FC region to the ground state and increases the photostability of 6-aminopurine (adenine) and 6-oxopurine (hypoxanthine) nucleobases.

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics published new progress about Absorption spectra. 452-06-2 belongs to class imidazoles-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C5H5N5, Safety of 7H-Purin-2-amine.

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Li, Xianming; Yang, Hang; He, Jialun; Yang, Bin; Zhao, Yi; Wu, Peng published the artcile< Full liberation of 2-Aminopurine with nucleases digestion for highly sensitive biosensing>, Application of C5H5N5, the main research area is aminopurine nuclease digestion fluorescence biosensor lifetime DNA transformation; 2-Aminopurine; Fluorescence lifetime; Multiple labelling; Nuclease digestion.

2-Aminopurine (2-AP), a fluorescent isomer of adenine, is a popular fluorescent tag for DNA-based biosensors. The fluorescence of 2-AP is highly dependent on its microenvironment, i.e., almost non-fluorescent and merely fluorescent in dsDNA and ssDNA, resp., but can be greatly brightened as mononucleotide. In most 2-AP-based biosensors, DNA transformation from dsDNA to ssDNA was employed, while selective digestion of 2-AP-labeled DNA with nucleases represents an appealing approach for improving the biosensor sensitivity. However, some detailed fundamental information, such as the reason for nuclease digestion, the influence of the labeling site, neighboring bases, or the label number of 2-AP for final signal output, are still largely unknown, which greatly limits the utility of 2-AP-based biosensors. In this work, using both steady- and excited-state fluorescence (lifetime), we demonstrated that nuclease digestion resulted in almost full liberation of 2-AP mononucleotides, and was free from labeling site and neighboring bases. Furthermore, we also found that nuclease digestion could lead to multiplexed sensitivity from increasing number of 2-AP labeling, but was not achievable for the conventional biosensors without full liberation of 2-AP. Considering the popularity of 2-AP in biosensing and other related applications, the above obtained information in sensitivity boosting is fundamentally important for future design of 2-AP-based biosensors.

Biosensors & Bioelectronics published new progress about Biological digestion. 452-06-2 belongs to class imidazoles-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C5H5N5, Application of C5H5N5.

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem