Month: October 2022

The author of 《Avoiding Pre-Isolation Step in Exosome Analysis: Direct Isolation and Sensitive Detection of Exosomes Using Gold-Loaded Nanoporous Ferric Oxide Nanozymes》 were Boriachek, Kseniia; Masud, Mostafa Kamal; Palma, Carlos; Phan, Hoang-Phuong; Yamauchi, Yusuke; Hossain, Shahriar A. Md.; Nguyen, Nam-Trung; Salomon, Carlos; Shiddiky, Muhammad J. A.. And the article was published in Analytical Chemistry (Washington, DC, United States) in 2019. COA of Formula: C10H16N2O3S The author mentioned the following in the article:

Most of the current exosome-anal. strategies are time-consuming and largely dependent on com. extraction kit-based preisolation step, which requires extensive sample manipulations, costly isolation kits, reagents, tedious procedures, and sophisticated equipment and is prone to bias/artifacts. Herein we introduce a simple method for direct isolation and subsequent detection of a specific population of exosomes using an engineered superparamagnetic material with multifunctional properties, namely, gold-loaded ferric oxide nanocubes (Au-NPFe2O3NC). In this method, the Au-NPFe2O3NC were initially functionalized with a generic tetraspanin (exosomes-associated) antibody (i.e., CD63) and dispersed in sample fluids where they work as “”dispersible nanocarriers”” to capture the bulk population of exosomes. After magnetic collection and purification, Au-NPFe2O3NC-bound exosomes were transferred to the tissue-specific, antibody-modified, screen-printed electrode. As a proof of principle, we used a specific placental marker, placenta alk. phosphatase (PLAP), to detect exosomes secreted from placental cells. The peroxidase-like activity of Au-NPFe2O3NC was then used to accomplish an ELISA-based sensing protocol for naked-eye observation along with UV-visible and electrochem. detection of PLAP-specific exosomes present in placental cell-conditioned media. We demonstrated excellent agreement in anal. performance for the detection of placental cell-derived exosomes (i.e., linear dynamic range, 103-107 exosomes/mL; limit of detection, 103 exosomes/mL; relative standard deviation (%RSD) of <5.5% for n = 3) using with and without com. ""total exosome isolation kit""-based preisolation step. We envisage that this highly sensitive, rapid, and inexpensive assay could be useful in quantifying specific populations of exosomes for various clin. applications, focusing on pregnancy complications. The experimental process involved the reaction of 5-((3aS,4S,6aR)-2-Oxohexahydro-1H-thieno[3,4-d]imidazol-4-yl)pentanoic acid(cas: 58-85-5COA of Formula: C10H16N2O3S)

5-((3aS,4S,6aR)-2-Oxohexahydro-1H-thieno[3,4-d]imidazol-4-yl)pentanoic acid(cas: 58-85-5) may be used to elute proteins from avidin/streptavidin resins. It has been used for culturing of oligodendrocytes.COA of Formula: C10H16N2O3S And it has been used for blocking endogenous biotin during immunohistology procedures.

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

《N-Heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-catalyzed tandem imine umpolung-aza-Michael addition-oxidation of β-carboline cyclic imines》 was published in Chemical Communications (Cambridge, United Kingdom) in 2020. These research results belong to Satyam, Killari; Harish, Battu; Nanubolu, Jagadeesh Babu; Suresh, Surisetti. Application of 141556-45-8 The article mentions the following:

An NHC-catalyzed umpolung of β-carboline-based cyclic imines for their conversion to the corresponding N-substituted cyclic amides. The key to the success of this transformation appears to be that NHC upon reaction with the imine concomitantly goes through the generation of an aza-Breslow intermediate and aza-Michael addition followed by oxidation with mol. oxygen to deliver the N-substituted amide products. The developed method has enabled the synthesis of various biol. relevant β-carboline-1-one derivatives in good yields. After reading the article, we found that the author used 1,3-Dimesityl-1H-imidazol-3-ium chloride(cas: 141556-45-8Application of 141556-45-8)

1,3-Dimesityl-1H-imidazol-3-ium chloride(cas: 141556-45-8) is a ligand for arylation of aldehydes and for carbene catalyzed intermolecular arylation of C-H bonds. It is used as a phosphine-free ligand in various metal-catalyzed coupling reactions, often with advantageous results in difficult cases.Application of 141556-45-8

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

《An AIE-active probe for selective fluorometric-colorimetric detection of HSO3- in aqueous solution and real samples》 was written by Han, Jia Hong; Gao, Wen Ying; Feng, Li Heng; Wang, Yu; Shuang, Shao Min. COA of Formula: C7H7N3 And the article was included in Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology, A: Chemistry in 2021. The article conveys some information:

We report herein a new biphenylcarbonitrile derivative, 4′-hydroxy-3′ -((2-imidazolylimino) methyl)-4-biphenyl carbonitrile (HIBC), which interestingly exhibits an aggregation-induced emission property. HIBC was employed for selective dual mode (fluorimetric and colorimetric) assay of HSO3- ions in nearly 100% aqueous medium at pH 7.4. The nucleophilic addition of HSO3- on the imino group in HIBC breaks its π-electron conjugation and results in a noticeable absorption and fluorescence spectral changes accompanied by a visible color change. Moreover, the formation of anionic addition product weakened the aggregation effect and meanwhile inhibited ESIPT process in HIBC, causing quenching of keto fluorescence of the probe. The probe shows good selectivity for HSO3- ions over all other competitive anions, which renders it a promising candidate for ratiometric fluorescent assay of HSO3- in aqueous systems. The limit of detection is 1.83 x 10-7 mol/L. For the practical applicability, handy paper strips were fabricated from HIBC for convenient recognition of HSO3-. Addnl., HIBC was applied for the living HeLa cells bio-imaging. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1H-Benzo[d]imidazol-2-amine(cas: 934-32-7COA of Formula: C7H7N3)

1H-Benzo[d]imidazol-2-amine(cas: 934-32-7) can be used in the hydrolysis of a choline carbonate. It was also used in the synthesis of imidazo[1,2-a]benzimidazoles.COA of Formula: C7H7N3

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

In 2022,Borges-Munoz, Amaris; Patel, Harshkumar; Tattersall, Peter published an article in Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis. The title of the article was 《Derivatization and determination of residual N,N-Carbonyldiimidazole by LC for an in-process control test》.Recommanded Product: Di(1H-imidazol-1-yl)methanone The author mentioned the following in the article:

For the robust anal. of N,N-Carbonyldiimidazole (CDI), its derivatization into a more stable compound may be needed. Herein, the reaction of CDI with N-benzylmethylamine followed by LC-UV quant. anal. was explored. Reaction conditions as well as LC method feasibility were demonstrated by qualification of selectivity from other impurities and reagents, linearity across a range of 0.05-0.15%weight/weight, spike and recovery across a range of 0.05-0.15%weight/weight, reaction reproducibility with various samples, reagents and anal. chemists, and sample stability of over 24 h. Rapid and quant. derivatization of residual CDI was achieved at 0.1% weight/weight relative to the synthetic product under consideration. A fit-for-purpose limit test using a RPLC-UV method as an in-process control for the reaction completion of product, at scale, was successfully implemented and executed. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Di(1H-imidazol-1-yl)methanone(cas: 530-62-1Recommanded Product: Di(1H-imidazol-1-yl)methanone)

Di(1H-imidazol-1-yl)methanone(cas: 530-62-1) is a peptide coupling reagent,it is used in the synthesis of peptides. Reacts readily with carboxylic acids to form acyl imidazoles; subsequent reaction with amines to form amides goes smoothly.Recommanded Product: Di(1H-imidazol-1-yl)methanone

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Computed Properties of C27H38AuClN2On September 16, 2020 ,《AuI-Catalyzed Hydroalkynylation of Haloalkynes》 was published in Journal of the American Chemical Society. The article was written by Garcia-Fernandez, Pedro D.; Iglesias-Siguenza, Javier; Rivero-Jerez, Paula S.; Diez, Elena; Gomez-Bengoa, Enrique; Fernandez, Rosario; Lassaletta, Jose M.. The article contains the following contents:

The AuI-catalyzed reaction between terminal alkynes and aromatic haloalkynes proceeds through divergent pathways depending on the nature of the catalyst counteranion. Thus, cationic complexes containing strongly basic NHC ligands and noncoordinating anions such as BArF4 catalyze the cis haloalkynylation of the terminal alkyne, whereas introduction of a weakly basic triflate counteranion results in the stereoselective hydroalkynylation of the haloalkyne, yielding haloenyne products in good yields and complete trans selectivity. Exptl. and computational studies suggest that the hydroalkynylation reaction takes place via nucleophilic attack of the terminal alkyne to the C2 carbon of the activated haloalkyne, assisted by a concerted proton abstraction by the triflate, and that the protodeauration is the turnover-limiting step, in agreement with an observed primary kinetic isotope effect. In the part of experimental materials, we found many familiar compounds, such as Chloro{1,3-bis[2,6-bis(1-methylethyl)phenyl]-4,5-dihydroimidazol-2-ylidene}gold(I)(cas: 852445-84-2Computed Properties of C27H38AuClN2)

Chloro{1,3-bis[2,6-bis(1-methylethyl)phenyl]-4,5-dihydroimidazol-2-ylidene}gold(I)(cas: 852445-84-2) belongs to imidazoles.Although other azole heterocycles are ubiquitous in a wide range of biologically active natural products, imidazole rings occur predominantly in the natural amino acid histidine. Computed Properties of C27H38AuClN2 In addition, imidazole rings are part of unnatural cyclic peptides and are used as ester isosteres in peptidomimetic studies.

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

In 2019,Frontiers in Chemistry (Lausanne, Switzerland) included an article by Minnick, Jennifer L.; Domyati, Doaa; Ammons, Rachel; Tahsini, Laleh. Related Products of 258278-25-0. The article was titled 《C-X (X = N, O) cross-coupling reactions catalyzed by copper-pincer bis(N-heterocyclic carbene) complexes》. The information in the text is summarized as follows:

The application of these complexes in Ullmann-type C-X (X = N, O) coupling of azoles such as 1H-imidazole, benzimidazole, pyrazole and phenols such as phenol, p-cresol with aryl halides ArI (Ar = Ph, 1-phenylethan-1-one, 2-methylphenyl, etc.) in a relatively short reaction time has been reported. In contrast to other well-defined copper(I) catalysts that require an inert atm. for an efficient C-X coupling, the employed Cu(I)-pincer bis(NHC) complexes provide good to excellent yields in air. The air-assisted reactivity, unlike that in the Sonogashira reaction, is also affected by the base employed and the reaction time. With Cs2CO3 and K2CO3, the oxygen-generated catalyst is more reactive than the catalyst formed under argon in a short reaction time (12 h). However, the difference in reactivity is compromised after a 24 h reaction with K2CO3. The efficient pincer Cu-NHC/O2/Cs2CO3system provides great to excellent cross-coupling yields for electronically diverse aryl iodides and imidazole derivatives The catalyst scope is controlled by a balance between nucleophilicity, coordinating ability, and steric hindrance of aryl halides and N-/O-nucleophiles. In the experiment, the researchers used 1,3-Bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-3-ium chloride(cas: 258278-25-0Related Products of 258278-25-0)

1,3-Bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-3-ium chloride(cas: 258278-25-0) has been employed in an efficient, one-pot synthesis of N-heterocyclic carbene-allylpalladium complexes.Related Products of 258278-25-0In addition, it can efficiently catalyze the Suzuki-Miyaura coupling of aryl chlorides with aryl boronic acids.

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

In 2019,Cellular and molecular gastroenterology and hepatology included an article by Skupsky, Jonathan; Sabui, Subrata; Hwang, Michael; Nakasaki, Manando; Cahalan, Michael D; Said, Hamid M. COA of Formula: C10H16N2O3S. The article was titled 《Biotin Supplementation Ameliorates Murine Colitis by Preventing NF-κB Activation.》. The information in the text is summarized as follows:

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Biotin is a water-soluble vitamin that is indispensable for human health. Biotin deficiency can cause failure-to-thrive, immunodeficiency, alopecia, dermatitis, and conjunctivitis. We previously reported that biotin deficiency also can lead to severe colitis in mice, which is completely reversed with supplementation. Our aim in this study was to determine if high-dose biotin supplementation can provide a therapeutic benefit in a preclinical model for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and to identify the molecular mechanism by which this occurs. METHODS: Mice were challenged with dextran sodium sulfate to induce colitis and were treated with 1 mmol/L biotin to induce or maintain remission. Clinical response was monitored by the Disease Activity Index and fecal calprotectin levels. The colon tissue was investigated for histology, length, as well as expression of inflammatory cytokines (interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin 1β), intestinal permeability, tight junctions (zonula occludens-1 and claudin-2), and the transcription factor nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). RESULTS: Biotin therapy led to delayed onset and severity of colitis as well as accelerated healing. There was improvement in the Disease Activity Index, fecal calprotectin levels, colon length, and histology. In addition, biotin-treated mice had reduced expression of inflammatory cytokines, reduced intestinal permeability, and reduced activation of NF-κB. CONCLUSIONS: Oral supplementation with biotin provides benefit for maintenance and induction of remission in the dextran sodium sulfate preclinical model for IBD. Biotin does this by reducing the activation of NF-κB, which prevents the production of inflammatory cytokines and helps maintain the integrity of the intestinal barrier. Clinically, the NF-κB pathway is important in the development of IBD and this finding suggests that biotin may have therapeutic potential for patients with IBD. The results came from multiple reactions, including the reaction of 5-((3aS,4S,6aR)-2-Oxohexahydro-1H-thieno[3,4-d]imidazol-4-yl)pentanoic acid(cas: 58-85-5COA of Formula: C10H16N2O3S)

5-((3aS,4S,6aR)-2-Oxohexahydro-1H-thieno[3,4-d]imidazol-4-yl)pentanoic acid(cas: 58-85-5) may be used to elute proteins from avidin/streptavidin resins. It has been used for culturing of oligodendrocytes.COA of Formula: C10H16N2O3S And it has been used for blocking endogenous biotin during immunohistology procedures.

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

In 2019,Chemical Engineering Journal (Amsterdam, Netherlands) included an article by Polat, H. Mert; Zeeshan, Muhammad; Uzun, Alper; Keskin, Seda. Application In Synthesis of 3-Butyl-1-methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium tetrafluoroborate. The article was titled 《Unlocking CO2 separation performance of ionic liquid/CuBTC composites: Combining experiments with molecular simulations》. The information in the text is summarized as follows:

In this work, we propose a computational methodol. based on the state-of-the-art mol. simulations of IL/CuBTC composites composed of ILs having the same cation, 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium ([BMIM]+), and various anions. Using grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations, we predicted CO2, CH4, and N2 uptakes of seven different IL/CuBTC composites and compared the simulation results with our exptl. gas uptake measurements to select the most appropriate force field that best represents the exptl. results. Motivated from the good agreement between experiments and simulations, we applied the same method to estimate the gas adsorption in two new IL/CuBTC composites which have been synthesized and characterized for the first time in this work. Mol. simulations accurately predicted the exptl. gas uptakes of newly synthesized IL/CuBTC composites, validating the transferability of our approach to different types of IL-incorporated CuBTC samples. We also provided a detailed anal. of binary gas mixture separation performances of IL/CuBTC composites and self-diffusion coefficients of gases in the composites performing GCMC and mol. dynamics simulations, resp. Results showed that IL/CuBTC composites have higher CO2/CH4, CO2/N2, and CH4/N2 selectivities than those of CuBTC, demonstrating a broad potential of these composites for CO2 separation from natural gas and flue gas mixtures The combination of experiments and mol. simulations that we described in this study will be useful to efficiently screen various IL/MOF composites to unlock their full potential for gas separation applications. The experimental part of the paper was very detailed, including the reaction process of 3-Butyl-1-methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium tetrafluoroborate(cas: 174501-65-6Application In Synthesis of 3-Butyl-1-methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium tetrafluoroborate)

3-Butyl-1-methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium tetrafluoroborate(cas: 174501-65-6) is a member of lonic liquids. A multidisciplinary study on lonic liquids is emerging, including chemistry, materials science, chemical engineering, and environmental science. More specifically, some important fundamental viewpoints are now different from the original concepts, as insights into the nature of lonic liquids become deeper. For example, the physicochemical properties of lonic liquids are now recognized as ranging broadly from the oft quoted “nonvolatile, non-flammable, and air and water stable” to those that are distinctly volatile, flammable, and unstable. Application In Synthesis of 3-Butyl-1-methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium tetrafluoroborate

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

The author of 《A site-selective and stereospecific cascade Suzuki-Miyaura annulation of alkyl 1,2-bisboronic esters and 2,2′-dihalo 1,1′-biaryls》 were Willems, Suzanne; Toupalas, Georgios; Reisenbauer, Julia C.; Morandi, Bill. And the article was published in Chemical Communications (Cambridge, United Kingdom) in 2021. Recommanded Product: 258278-25-0 The author mentioned the following in the article:

A cascade Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling gave rise to 9,10-dihydrophenanthrenes I [R1 = n-Pr, n-hexyl, (CH2)2Ph, etc.; R2 = H, 3-Me, 2-F, etc.; R3 = H, 6-Me, 7-F, etc.] was developed. Using biaryls with unsym. substitution-pattern full site-selectivity was observed Furthermore, this cross-coupling of an alkyl 1,2-bisboronic pinacol ester proceeded through the challenging coupling of a secondary boronate with complete stereoretention. The experimental process involved the reaction of 1,3-Bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-3-ium chloride(cas: 258278-25-0Recommanded Product: 258278-25-0)

1,3-Bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-3-ium chloride(cas: 258278-25-0) has been employed in an efficient, one-pot synthesis of N-heterocyclic carbene-allylpalladium complexes.Recommanded Product: 258278-25-0In addition, it can efficiently catalyze the Suzuki-Miyaura coupling of aryl chlorides with aryl boronic acids.

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

In 2019,Zeitschrift fuer Kristallographie – New Crystal Structures included an article by Xing, Ai-Ping; Zeng, Dai; Zhang, Shu-Ling; Wei, Jun-Jun; Guo, Da-Feng. Computed Properties of C7H7N3. The article was titled 《Crystal structure of 2-((1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-ylimino)methyl)-4,6-di-tert-butylphenol, C22H27N3O》. The information in the text is summarized as follows:

C22H27N3O, monoclinic, P21/c (number 14), a = 18.4984(4) Å, b = 11.4221(3) Å, c = 9.79600(19) Å, β = 90.9652(19)°, V = 2069.51(8) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0605, wRref(F2) = 0.1773, T = 293(2) K. In a typical experiment 2-aminobenzimidazole (1.3315 g, 10 mmol) and 3,5-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-2-hydroxy-benzaldehyde (2.3433 g, 10 mmol) were mixed in 25 mL ethanol and refluxed for 3 h. When the solution was cooled to room temperature, a light yellow solid was obtained. Crystallization from methanol at room temperature gave the title compound as colorless crystals of good diffraction quality. The experimental process involved the reaction of 1H-Benzo[d]imidazol-2-amine(cas: 934-32-7Computed Properties of C7H7N3)

1H-Benzo[d]imidazol-2-amine(cas: 934-32-7) can be used in the hydrolysis of a choline carbonate. It was also used in the synthesis of imidazo[1,2-a]benzimidazoles.Computed Properties of C7H7N3

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem