Month: October 2022

In 2019,Environmental Science and Pollution Research included an article by Pinheiro da Costa, Elizangela; Bottrel, Sue Ellen C.; Starling, Maria Clara V. M.; Leao, Monica M. D.; Amorim, Camila Costa. Synthetic Route of C7H7N3. The article was titled 《Degradation of carbendazim in water via photo-Fenton in Raceway Pond Reactor: assessment of acute toxicity and transformation products》. The information in the text is summarized as follows:

This study aimed at investigating the degradation of fungicide carbendazim (CBZ) via photo-Fenton reactions in artificially and solar irradiated photoreactors at laboratory scale and in a semi-pilot scale Raceway Pond Reactor (RPR), resp. Acute toxicity was monitored by assessing the sensibility of bioluminescent bacteria (Aliivibrio fischeri) to samples taken during reactions. In addition, byproducts formed during solar photo-Fenton were identified by liquid chromatog. coupled to mass spectrometry (UFLC-MS). For tests performed in lab-scale, two artificial irradiation sources were compared (UVλ>254nm and UV-Visλ>320nm). A complete design of experiments was performed in the semi-pilot scale RPR in order to optimize reaction conditions (Fe2+ and H2O2 concentrations, and water depth). Efficient degradation of carbendazim (> 96%) and toxicity removal were achieved via artificially irradiated photo-Fenton under both irradiation sources. Control experiments (UV photolysis and UV-Vis peroxidation) were also efficient but led to increased acute toxicity. In addition, H2O2/UVλ>254nm required longer reaction time (60 min) when compared to the photo-Fenton process (less than 1 min). While Fenton’s reagent achieved high CBZ and acute toxicity removal, its efficiency demands higher concentration of reagents in comparison to irradiated processes. Solar photo-Fenton removed carbendazim within 15 min of reaction (96%, 0.75 kJ L-1), and monocarbomethoxyguanidine, benzimidazole isocyanate, and 2-aminobenzimidazole were identified as transformation products. Results suggest that both solar photo-Fenton and artificially irradiated systems are promising routes for carbendazim degradation1H-Benzo[d]imidazol-2-amine(cas: 934-32-7Synthetic Route of C7H7N3) was used in this study.

1H-Benzo[d]imidazol-2-amine(cas: 934-32-7) can be used in the hydrolysis of a choline carbonate. It was also used in the synthesis of imidazo[1,2-a]benzimidazoles.Synthetic Route of C7H7N3

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

《Preparation and characterization of cyclodextrin nanosponges for organic toxic molecule removal》 was published in International Journal of Pharmaceutics (Amsterdam, Netherlands) in 2020. These research results belong to Varan, Cem; Anceschi, Anastasia; Sevli, Serhat; Bruni, Natascia; Giraudo, Leonardo; Bilgic, Elif; Korkusuz, Petek; Iskit, Alper B.; Trotta, Francesco; Bilensoy, Erem. Synthetic Route of C7H6N4O The article mentions the following:

Cyclodextrin-based nanosponges (CD-NS) are considered as safe and biocompatible systems for removing toxic mols. from the body. Rapid removal of toxic mols. that are formed in the body from certain food constituents, is relevant especially for patients affected by chronic kidney disease. Within the scope of this study, innovative cyclodextrin polymers were synthesized to form nanosponges able to remove indole, before it could form the toxic indoxyl sulfate in the body. Furthermore, in vivo studies were carried out using the two optimal CD-NS formulations by assessing physicochem. properties, stability, indole adsorption capacity and in vitro cytotoxicity. NS prepared from β-cyclodextrin crosslinked with toluene diisocyanate was found to be the most effective NS with an in vitro indole adsorption capacity of over 90%. In addition, this derivative was more stable in gastrointestinal media. Animal studies further revealed that oral CD-NSs did not tend to accumulate and damage gastrointestinal tissues and are excreted from the GI tract with minimal absorption. In conclusion, this study suggests that CD-NS formulations are effective and safe in removing toxic mols. from the body. Their potential use in veterinary or human medicine could reduce dialysis frequency and avoid hepatic and cardiac toxicity avoiding the indole formation. The experimental process involved the reaction of Di(1H-imidazol-1-yl)methanone(cas: 530-62-1Synthetic Route of C7H6N4O)

Di(1H-imidazol-1-yl)methanone(cas: 530-62-1) is a peptide coupling reagent,it is used in the synthesis of peptides. Reacts readily with carboxylic acids to form acyl imidazoles; subsequent reaction with amines to form amides goes smoothly.Synthetic Route of C7H6N4O

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Application In Synthesis of 2-Bromo-1H-imidazoleIn 1982 ,《Radiosensitization by non-nitro compounds》 appeared in International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics. The author of the article were Wardman, P.; Anderson, R. F.; Hodgkiss, R. J.; Parrick, J.; Smithen, C. E.; Wallace, R. G.; Watts, M. E.. The article conveys some information:

The effects of non-nitro compounds on the radiosensitivity of hypoxic Chinese hamster V79-379A or Escherichia coli AB 1157 cells in vitro are outlined. Imidazole derivatives substituted with several alternative electron-withdrawing groups are described; the dicyanovinyl function conferred considerable radiosensitizing activity. 2,4,5-Tribromoimidazole and 2,4-DNP may show unusual radiosensitizing activity because of interference with oxidative phosphorylation. Attempts to influence radiosensitivity by compounds potentially capable of depleting intracellular SH groups are also described.2-Bromo-1H-imidazole(cas: 16681-56-4Application In Synthesis of 2-Bromo-1H-imidazole) was used in this study.

2-Bromo-1H-imidazole(cas: 16681-56-4) is a member of imidazole. Its exclusive structural characteristics with enviable electron-rich features are favorable for imidazole-based fused heterocycles to bind efficiently with an array of enzymes and receptors in biological systems through various weak interactions like hydrogen bonds, ion-dipole, cation-π, π-π stacking, coordination, Van der Waals forces, hydrophobic effects, etc., and therefore they demonstrate widespread bioactivities. Application In Synthesis of 2-Bromo-1H-imidazole

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

In 2022,Chemical Communications (Cambridge, United Kingdom) included an article by Tzouras, Nikolaos V.; Gobbo, Alberto; Pozsoni, Nestor Bracho; Chalkidis, Savvas G.; Bhandary, Subhrajyoti; Van Hecke, Kristof; Vougioukalakis, Georgios C.; Nolan, Steven P.. Recommanded Product: 258278-25-0. The article was titled 《Hydrogen bonding-enabled gold catalysis: ligand effects in gold-catalyzed cycloisomerizations in hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP)》. The information in the text is summarized as follows:

Gold catalysis has witnessed immense evolution in recent years, yet it still requires the use of activators to render the common [AuCl(L)] complexes catalytically active. Herein, the H-bonding donor properties of hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) are utilized for Au-Cl bond activation and the ancillary ligand and counteranion effects on cycloisomerization reactions are showcased in HFIP as solvent. In the experimental materials used by the author, we found 1,3-Bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-3-ium chloride(cas: 258278-25-0Recommanded Product: 258278-25-0)

1,3-Bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-3-ium chloride(cas: 258278-25-0) has been employed in an efficient, one-pot synthesis of N-heterocyclic carbene-allylpalladium complexes.Recommanded Product: 258278-25-0In addition, it can efficiently catalyze the Suzuki-Miyaura coupling of aryl chlorides with aryl boronic acids.

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

In 2019,Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology, B: Biology included an article by Devipriya, Duraipandi; Roopan, Selvaraj Mohana. Formula: C7H7N3. The article was titled 《UV-light intervened synthesis of imidazo fused quinazoline and its solvatochromism, antioxidant, antifungal and luminescence properties》. The information in the text is summarized as follows:

The photochem. preparation of benzo[4,5]imidazo[2,1-b]quinazoline I, by reaction of 2-(4-chlorobenzylidene)-3,4-dihydronaphthalen-1(2H)-one with 1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-amine in presence of KOH/DMF, was assessed under the UV irradiation (312 nm) in shorter duration (2 h) and in higher yield of 96%. Solvatochromism impacts of the compound I was computed with different solvents (DCM < methanol< DMF < DMSO). The compound, I was presented to in-vitro free radical screening strategy and the standard ascorbic acid has less IC50 value - than compound I. Further, it was subjected to in-vitro fungicidal action against two Aspergillus species (A. flavus & niger). The anti-fungal activity of compound I addnl. demonstrated great action, when compared antifungal specialist Fluconazole. The results came from multiple reactions, including the reaction of 1H-Benzo[d]imidazol-2-amine(cas: 934-32-7Formula: C7H7N3)

1H-Benzo[d]imidazol-2-amine(cas: 934-32-7) can be used in the hydrolysis of a choline carbonate. It was also used in the synthesis of imidazo[1,2-a]benzimidazoles.Formula: C7H7N3

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

In 2019,International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry included an article by Mahdavi, Vahideh; Ghorbani-Paji, Fatemeh; Ramezani, Mohammad Kazem; Ghassempour, Alireza; Aboul-Enein, Hassan Y.. Product Details of 934-32-7. The article was titled 《Dissipation of carbendazim and its metabolites in cucumber using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry》. The information in the text is summarized as follows:

Currently, there is growing interest in the degradation pathways of organic contaminants such as pesticides. In the case of pesticides, the determination of metabolites in agricultural products and environment is necessary as some of them could present similar toxicity to or even higher toxicity than the parent compound The development of anal. methodol. for the identification and quantification of carbendazim fungicide and its metabolites in cucumber was studied. Cucumber (cucumis sativus) is a global food in terms of economic importance and nutritional quality. Careful optimization of the liquid chromatog.-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)/MS parameters was achieved in order to attain a fast separation with the best sensitivity. The detection was carried out on an Ion-Trap tandem mass spectrometer (MS/MS) by electrospray ionisation in pos. ion mode (ESI+) with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). In the experiment, the researchers used 1H-Benzo[d]imidazol-2-amine(cas: 934-32-7Product Details of 934-32-7)

1H-Benzo[d]imidazol-2-amine(cas: 934-32-7) can be used in the hydrolysis of a choline carbonate. It was also used in the synthesis of imidazo[1,2-a]benzimidazoles.Product Details of 934-32-7

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

《Degradation kinetics of carbendazim by Klebsiella oxytoca, Flavobacterium johnsoniae, and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia strains》 was written by Alvarado-Gutierrez, Maria Luisa; Ruiz-Ordaz, Nora; Galindez-Mayer, Juvencio; Curiel-Quesada, Everardo; Santoyo-Tepole, Fortunata. HPLC of Formula: 934-32-7 And the article was included in Environmental Science and Pollution Research in 2020. The article conveys some information:

The fungicide carbendazim is an ecotoxic pollutant frequently found in water reservoirs. The ability of microorganisms to remove pollutants found in diverse environments, soil, water, or air is well documented. Although microbial communities have many advantages in bioremediation processes, in many cases, those with the desired capabilities may be slow-growing or have low pollutant degradation rates. In these cases, the manipulation of the microbial community through enrichment with specialized microbial strains showing high specific growth rates and high rates and efficiencies of pollutant degradation is desirable. In this work, bacteria of the genera Klebsiella, Flavobacterium, and Stenotrophomonas, isolated from the biofilm attached to the packed zones of a biofilm reactor, were able to grow individually in selective medium containing carbendazim. In the three bacteria studied, the mheI gene encoding the first enzyme involved in the degradation of the fungicide carbendazim was found. Studying the dynamics of growth and carbendazim degradation of the three bacteria, the effect of co-formulants was also evaluated. The pure compound and a com. formulation of carbendazim were used as substrates. Finally, the study made it possible to define the biokinetic advantages of these strains for amendment of microbial communities. In the experimental materials used by the author, we found 1H-Benzo[d]imidazol-2-amine(cas: 934-32-7HPLC of Formula: 934-32-7)

1H-Benzo[d]imidazol-2-amine(cas: 934-32-7) can be used in the hydrolysis of a choline carbonate. It was also used in the synthesis of imidazo[1,2-a]benzimidazoles.HPLC of Formula: 934-32-7

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

《Concomitant polymorphic forms of 3-cyclopropyl-5-(2-hydrazinylpyridin-3-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole》 was published in Acta Crystallographica, Section C: Structural Chemistry in 2020. These research results belong to Shishkina, Svitlana V.; Konovalova, Irina S.; Karpina, Veronika R.; Kovalenko, Svitlana S.; Kovalenko, Sergiy M.; Bunyatyan, Natalya D.. Related Products of 530-62-1 The article mentions the following:

The dipharmacophore compound 3-cyclopropyl-5-(2-hydrazinylpyridin-3-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole, C10H11N5O, was studied on the assumption of its potential biol. activity. Two concomitant polymorphs were obtained on crystallization from isopropanol solution and these were thoroughly studied. Identical conformations of the mols. are found in both structures despite the low difference in energy between the four possible conformers. The two polymorphs differ crucially with respect to their crystal structures. A centrosym. dimer formed due to both stacking interactions of the ‘head-to-tail’ type and N-H…N(π) hydrogen bonds is the building unit in the triclinic structure. The dimeric building units form an isotropic packing. In the orthorhombic polymorphic structure, the mols. form stacking interactions of the ‘head-to-head’ type, which results in their organization in a column as the primary basic structural motif. The formation of N-H···N(lone pair) hydrogen bonds between two neighboring columns allows the formation of a double column as the main structural motif. The correct packing motifs in the two polymorphs could not be identified without calculations of the pairwise interaction energies. The triclinic structure has a higher d. and a lower (by 0.60 kcal mol-1) lattice energy according to periodic calculations compared to the orthorhombic structure. This allows us to presume that the triclinic form of 3-cyclopropyl-5-(2-hydrazinylpyridin-3-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole is the more stable. In the experiment, the researchers used Di(1H-imidazol-1-yl)methanone(cas: 530-62-1Related Products of 530-62-1)

Di(1H-imidazol-1-yl)methanone(cas: 530-62-1) is a peptide coupling reagent,it is used in the synthesis of peptides. Reacts readily with carboxylic acids to form acyl imidazoles; subsequent reaction with amines to form amides goes smoothly.Related Products of 530-62-1

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

《Aggregation and Particle Formation During Pumping of an Antibody Formulation Are Controlled by Electrostatic Interactions Between Pump Surfaces and Protein Molecules》 was written by Wu, Hao; Randolph, Theodore W.. Formula: C21H25ClN2 And the article was included in Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Philadelphia, PA, United States) in 2020. The article conveys some information:

Aggregates and particles may be generated by pos. displacement piston pumps during fill-finishing operations for protein formulations. We investigated potential factors that might contribute to aggregation in i.v. IgG (IVIG) formulations during pumping, including electrostatic interactions between protein mols. and pump surfaces, cavitation, and aggregate nucleation from particles shed from pumps. Electrostatic interactions were investigated by modifying pump surface chem. Cavitation as a potential cause of particle formation was investigated by changing pumping speeds, and the possibility that particles shed from pump surfaces act to nucleate protein aggregation was explored by spiking prepumped buffer solutions into IVIG formulations. Neither cavitation nor particles shed from pump surfaces played dominant roles in generating particles. Per pump cycle, production of particles and protein aggregates was constant, and corresponded with the amount of protein expected to adsorb on pump surfaces at monolayer coverage. More subvisible particles and protein aggregates were generated in formulations containing higher concentrations of IVIG, but they reached a plateau at protein concentrations above 2 mg/mL, where adsorption isotherms saturated Neg. charged pump surfaces interacted with the pos. charged IVIG to produce more particles and aggregates than pos. charged surfaces, an effect ascribed to electrostatic interactions that moderated rates of protein adsorption. In the experimental materials used by the author, we found 1,3-Dimesityl-1H-imidazol-3-ium chloride(cas: 141556-45-8Formula: C21H25ClN2)

1,3-Dimesityl-1H-imidazol-3-ium chloride(cas: 141556-45-8) is a ligand for arylation of aldehydes and for carbene catalyzed intermolecular arylation of C-H bonds. It is used as a phosphine-free ligand in various metal-catalyzed coupling reactions, often with advantageous results in difficult cases.Formula: C21H25ClN2

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

The author of 《An Electrochemical Sandwich Immunosensor for the Detection of HER2 using Antibody-Conjugated PbS Quantum Dot as a label》 were Lah, Zur Mira Azizah Nor Haiza; Ahmad, Shahrul Ainliah Alang; Zaini, Muhammad Safwan; Kamarudin, Mazliana Ahmad. And the article was published in Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis in 2019. Category: imidazoles-derivatives The author mentioned the following in the article:

A facile electrochem. sandwich immunosensor for the detection of a breast cancer biomarker, the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), was designed, using lead sulfide quantum dots-conjugated secondary HER2 antibody (Ab2-PbS QDs) as a label. Using Ab2-PbS QDs in the development of electrochem. immunoassays leads to many advantages such as straightforward synthesis and well-defined stripping signal of Pb(II) through acid dissolution, which in turn yields better sensing performance for the sandwiched immunosensor. In the bioconjugation of PbS QDs, the available amine and hydroxyl groups from secondary anti-HER2 and capped PbS QDs were bound covalently together via carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) acting as a linker. In order to quantify the biomarker, SWV signal was obtained, where the Pb2+ ions after acid dissolution in HCl was detected. The plated mercury film SPCE was also detected in situ. Under optimal conditions, HER2 was detected in a linear range from 1-100 ng/mL with a limit of detection of 0.28 ng/mL. The measures of satisfactory recoveries were 91.3% to 104.3% for the spiked samples, displaying high selectivity. Therefore, this method can be applied to determine HER2 in human serum. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Di(1H-imidazol-1-yl)methanone(cas: 530-62-1Category: imidazoles-derivatives)

Di(1H-imidazol-1-yl)methanone(cas: 530-62-1) is a peptide coupling reagent,it is used in the synthesis of peptides. Reacts readily with carboxylic acids to form acyl imidazoles; subsequent reaction with amines to form amides goes smoothly.Category: imidazoles-derivatives

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem