Rico, Felix’s team published research in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America in 2019 | CAS: 58-85-5

5-((3aS,4S,6aR)-2-Oxohexahydro-1H-thieno[3,4-d]imidazol-4-yl)pentanoic acid(cas: 58-85-5) may be used to elute proteins from avidin/streptavidin resins. It has been used for culturing of oligodendrocytes.Electric Literature of C10H16N2O3S And it has been used as a vitamin supplement for the growth of Bacillus species.

Electric Literature of C10H16N2O3SIn 2019 ,《Heterogeneous and rate-dependent streptavidin-biotin unbinding revealed by high-speed force spectroscopy and atomistic simulations》 was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. The article was written by Rico, Felix; Russek, Andreas; Gonzalez, Laura; Grubmuller, Helmut; Scheuring, Simon. The article contains the following contents:

Receptor-ligand interactions are essential for biol. function and their binding strength is commonly explained in terms of static lock-and-key models based on mol. complementarity. However, detailed information on the full unbinding pathway is often lacking due, in part, to the static nature of at. structures and ensemble averaging inherent to bulk biophysics approaches. Here we combine mol. dynamics and high-speed force spectroscopy on the streptavidin-biotin complex to determine the binding strength and unbinding pathways over the widest dynamic range. Experiment and simulation show excellent agreement at overlapping velocities and provided evidence of the unbinding mechanisms. During unbinding, biotin crosses multiple energy barriers and visits various intermediate states far from the binding pocket, while streptavidin undergoes transient induced fits, all varying with loading rate. This multistate process slows down the transition to the unbound state and favors rebinding, thus explaining the long lifetime of the complex. We provide an atomistic, dynamic picture of the unbinding process, replacing a simple two-state picture with one that involves many routes to the lock and rate-dependent induced-fit motions for intermediates, which might be relevant for other receptor-ligand bonds. The experimental part of the paper was very detailed, including the reaction process of 5-((3aS,4S,6aR)-2-Oxohexahydro-1H-thieno[3,4-d]imidazol-4-yl)pentanoic acid(cas: 58-85-5Electric Literature of C10H16N2O3S)

5-((3aS,4S,6aR)-2-Oxohexahydro-1H-thieno[3,4-d]imidazol-4-yl)pentanoic acid(cas: 58-85-5) may be used to elute proteins from avidin/streptavidin resins. It has been used for culturing of oligodendrocytes.Electric Literature of C10H16N2O3S And it has been used as a vitamin supplement for the growth of Bacillus species.

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Mikhaylov, Vladimir N.’s team published research in Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds (New York, NY, United States) in 2020 | CAS: 141556-45-8

1,3-Dimesityl-1H-imidazol-3-ium chloride(cas: 141556-45-8) is a ligand for arylation of aldehydes and for carbene catalyzed intermolecular arylation of C-H bonds. It is used as a phosphine-free ligand in various metal-catalyzed coupling reactions, often with advantageous results in difficult cases.Quality Control of 1,3-Dimesityl-1H-imidazol-3-ium chloride

《N-Propargylation and Copper(I)-Catalyzed Azide-Alkyne Cycloaddition as a Convenient Strategy for Directed Post-Synthetic Modification of 4-Oxo-1,4-Dihydrocinnoline Derivatives》 was written by Mikhaylov, Vladimir N.; Pavlov, Artem O.; Ogorodnov, Yaroslav V.; Spiridonova, Dar’ya V.; Sorokoumov, Viktor N.; Balova, Irina A.. Quality Control of 1,3-Dimesityl-1H-imidazol-3-ium chloride And the article was included in Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds (New York, NY, United States) in 2020. The article conveys some information:

4-Oxo-1,4-dihydrocinnoline derivatives as promising inhibitors of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B were subjected to post-synthetic modification via a sequence of propargylation and copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reactions. The propargylation of 4-oxo- 1,4-dihydrocinnolines with propargyl bromide in the presence of various bases proceeded regioselectively at the cinnolinone N-1 atom. In the cycloaddition reaction of N-propargylcinnolinones and benzyl azide, the highest catalytic activity of copper(I) N-heterocyclic carbene complex [(IMes)Cu(Br,I)] (IMes = 1,3-bis-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene) was observed, compared to [(IMes)CuCl], [(IPr)Cu(Cl,Br,I)] (IPr = 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-imidazol-2-ylidene), and CuI. In addition to this study using 1,3-Dimesityl-1H-imidazol-3-ium chloride, there are many other studies that have used 1,3-Dimesityl-1H-imidazol-3-ium chloride(cas: 141556-45-8Quality Control of 1,3-Dimesityl-1H-imidazol-3-ium chloride) was used in this study.

1,3-Dimesityl-1H-imidazol-3-ium chloride(cas: 141556-45-8) is a ligand for arylation of aldehydes and for carbene catalyzed intermolecular arylation of C-H bonds. It is used as a phosphine-free ligand in various metal-catalyzed coupling reactions, often with advantageous results in difficult cases.Quality Control of 1,3-Dimesityl-1H-imidazol-3-ium chloride

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Zhang, Wen’s team published research in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America in 2017 | CAS: 7720-39-0

1H-Imidazol-2-amine(cas: 7720-39-0) belongs to anime. To avoid the problem of multiple alkylation, methods have been devised for “blocking” substitution so that only one alkyl group is introduced. The Gabriel synthesis is one such method; it utilizes phthalimide, C6H4(CO)2NH, whose one acidic hydrogen atom has been removed upon the addition of a base such as KOH to form a salt.Application of 7720-39-0

Application of 7720-39-0In 2017 ,《insight into the mechanism of nonenzymatic RNA primer extension from the structure of an RNA-GpppG complex》 was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. The article was written by Zhang, Wen; Tam, Chun Pong; Walton, Travis; Fahrenbach, Albert C.; Birrane, Gabriel; Szostak, Jack W.. The article contains the following contents:

The nonenzymic copying of RNA templates with imidazole-activated nucleotides is a well-studied model for the emergence of RNA self-replication during the origin of life. We have recently discovered that this reaction can proceed through the formation of an imidazolium-bridged dinucleotide intermediate that reacts rapidly with the primer. To gain insight into the relationship between the structure of this intermediate and its reactivity, we cocrystd. an RNA primer-template complex with a close analog of the intermediate, the triphosphate-bridged guanosine dinucleotide GpppG, and solved a high-resolution X-ray structure of the complex. The structure shows that GpppG binds the RNA template through two Watson-Crick base pairs, with the primer 3′-hydroxyl oriented to attack the 5′-phosphate of the adjacent G residue. Thus, the GpppG structure suggests that the bound imidazolium-bridged dinucleotide intermediate would be preorganized to react with the primer by in-line SN2 substitution. The structures of bound GppG and GppppG suggest that the length and flexibility of the 5′-5′ linkage are important for optimal preorganization of the complex, whereas the position of the 5′-phosphate of bound pGpG explains the slow rate of oligonucleotide ligation reactions. Our studies provide a structural interpretation for the observed reactivity of the imidazolium-bridged dinucleotide intermediate in nonenzymic RNA primer extension. In the part of experimental materials, we found many familiar compounds, such as 1H-Imidazol-2-amine(cas: 7720-39-0Application of 7720-39-0)

1H-Imidazol-2-amine(cas: 7720-39-0) belongs to anime. To avoid the problem of multiple alkylation, methods have been devised for “blocking” substitution so that only one alkyl group is introduced. The Gabriel synthesis is one such method; it utilizes phthalimide, C6H4(CO)2NH, whose one acidic hydrogen atom has been removed upon the addition of a base such as KOH to form a salt.Application of 7720-39-0

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Yi, Ruiqin’s team published research in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America in 2020 | CAS: 7720-39-0

1H-Imidazol-2-amine(cas: 7720-39-0) belongs to anime. Amines can be classified according to the nature and number of substituents on nitrogen. Aliphatic amines contain only H and alkyl substituents. Aromatic amines have the nitrogen atom connected to an aromatic ring.Important amines include amino acids, biogenic amines, trimethylamine, and aniline. Inorganic derivatives of ammonia are also called amines, such as monochloramine (NClH2).Application of 7720-39-0

Application of 7720-39-0In 2020 ,《A continuous reaction network that produces RNA precursors》 was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. The article was written by Yi, Ruiqin; Tran, Quoc Phuong; Ali, Sarfaraz; Yoda, Isao; Adam, Zachary R.; James Cleaves, H.; Fahrenbach, Albert C.. The article contains the following contents:

Continuous reaction networks, which do not rely on purification or timely additions of reagents, serve as models for chem. evolution and have been demonstrated for compounds thought to have played important roles for the origins of life such as amino acids, hydroxy acids, and sugars. Step-by-step chem. protocols for ribonucleotide synthesis are known, but demonstrating their synthesis in the context of continuous reaction networks remains a major challenge. Herein, compounds proposed to be important for prebiotic RNA synthesis, including glycolaldehyde, cyanamide, 2-aminooxazole, and 2-aminoimidazole, are generated from a continuous reaction network, starting from an aqueous mixture of NaCl, NH4Cl, phosphate, and HCN as the only carbon source. No well-timed addition of any other reagents is required. The reaction network is driven by a combination of γ radiolysis and dry-down. γ Radiolysis results in a complex mixture of organics, including the glycolaldehyde-derived glyceronitrile and cyanamide. This mixture is then dried down, generating free glycolaldehyde that then reacts with cyanamide/NH3 to furnish a combination of 2-aminooxazole and 2-aminoimidazole. This continuous reaction network models how precursors for generating RNA and other classes of compounds may arise spontaneously from a complex mixture that originates from simple reagents. In the part of experimental materials, we found many familiar compounds, such as 1H-Imidazol-2-amine(cas: 7720-39-0Application of 7720-39-0)

1H-Imidazol-2-amine(cas: 7720-39-0) belongs to anime. Amines can be classified according to the nature and number of substituents on nitrogen. Aliphatic amines contain only H and alkyl substituents. Aromatic amines have the nitrogen atom connected to an aromatic ring.Important amines include amino acids, biogenic amines, trimethylamine, and aniline. Inorganic derivatives of ammonia are also called amines, such as monochloramine (NClH2).Application of 7720-39-0

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Carter, S. R.’s team published research in Polymer Preprints (American Chemical Society, Division of Polymer Chemistry) in 2002 | CAS: 16681-56-4

2-Bromo-1H-imidazole(cas: 16681-56-4) is a member of imidazole. Its exclusive structural characteristics with enviable electron-rich features are favorable for imidazole-based fused heterocycles to bind efficiently with an array of enzymes and receptors in biological systems through various weak interactions like hydrogen bonds, ion-dipole, cation-π, π-π stacking, coordination, Van der Waals forces, hydrophobic effects, etc., and therefore they demonstrate widespread bioactivities. Product Details of 16681-56-4

In 2002,Carter, S. R.; Rimmer, S. published 《Smart hyperbranched polymers for the purification of biomolecules》.Polymer Preprints (American Chemical Society, Division of Polymer Chemistry) published the findings.Product Details of 16681-56-4 The information in the text is summarized as follows:

The use of a SMART polymer such as polyNIPAM allows for a hyperbranched structure to respond to small changes in temperature, pH or ionic strength. A hyperbranched SMART polymer with ligands situated at chain-ends should allow for multi-point attachment to biomacromols. in response to a change in an external stimulus. The hyperbranched poly-NIPAM polymers, where the chain termini are functionalized with an imidazole group, was prepared using the radical addition fragmentation termination (RAFT) methodol. The RAFT technique allows for control over the degree of branching by varying the proportion of dithionate ester to NIPAM. The RAFT agent 4-vinylbenzylimidazole dithioate was synthesized from 4(5)-imidazoledithioic acid and 4-vinylbenzyl chloride in DMF solvent using cesium carbonate as base. The pure product was achieved in moderate yield (27%) by repeated column chromatog. using silica and alumina sorbents. The synthetic procedure developed allowed the production of several series of macro-ligands with various mol. sizes, distances between ligands and spatial arrangement of ligands. The polymers can form multi-point attachments to specific sites on a biomacromol. so that changes in these mol. parameters will be a means of selectively targeting particular biomols. In the experiment, the researchers used 2-Bromo-1H-imidazole(cas: 16681-56-4Product Details of 16681-56-4)

2-Bromo-1H-imidazole(cas: 16681-56-4) is a member of imidazole. Its exclusive structural characteristics with enviable electron-rich features are favorable for imidazole-based fused heterocycles to bind efficiently with an array of enzymes and receptors in biological systems through various weak interactions like hydrogen bonds, ion-dipole, cation-π, π-π stacking, coordination, Van der Waals forces, hydrophobic effects, etc., and therefore they demonstrate widespread bioactivities. Product Details of 16681-56-4

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Rompicharla, Sri Vishnu Kiran’s team published research in International Journal of Pharmaceutics (Amsterdam, Netherlands) in 2019 | CAS: 58-85-5

5-((3aS,4S,6aR)-2-Oxohexahydro-1H-thieno[3,4-d]imidazol-4-yl)pentanoic acid(cas: 58-85-5) may be used to elute proteins from avidin/streptavidin resins. It has been used for culturing of oligodendrocytes.Reference of 5-((3aS,4S,6aR)-2-Oxohexahydro-1H-thieno[3,4-d]imidazol-4-yl)pentanoic acid The biotin/avidin or biotin/streptavidin interaction is utilized in many labeling and purification schemes.

In 2019,International Journal of Pharmaceutics (Amsterdam, Netherlands) included an article by Rompicharla, Sri Vishnu Kiran; Kumari, Preeti; Bhatt, Himanshu; Ghosh, Balaram; Biswas, Swati. Reference of 5-((3aS,4S,6aR)-2-Oxohexahydro-1H-thieno[3,4-d]imidazol-4-yl)pentanoic acid. The article was titled 《Biotin functionalized PEGylated poly(amidoamine) dendrimer conjugate for active targeting of paclitaxel in cancer》. The information in the text is summarized as follows:

In the current study, we employed poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers of generation 4 (G4) to deliver paclitaxel (PTX), a poorly soluble anti-cancer agent precisely to cancer cells via its conjugation on dendrimer surface. Further, G4 PAMAM has been PEGylated (PEG) and tagged with Biotin, an essential micronutrient for cellular functions, receptors of which are overexpressed in certain cancers. The synthesized multifunctional conjugates were characterized by 1H NMR and zeta potential anal. techniques. In addition, the conjugates were evaluated in vitro in cell monolayers and 3D spheroids of biotin receptor over-expressed A549 cell line (human non-small cell lung cancer). G4 PTX PEG-Biotin conjugate penetrated at significantly higher extent in monolayers as well as spheroids as studied by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy by visualizing the cells at varied depth. The G4 PTX PEG-Biotin conjugate demonstrated higher cytotoxicity compared to free PTX and G4 PTX PEG conjugate as assessed by MTT assay in monolayers and Presto Blue assay in detached spheroidal cells. G4 PTX PEG-Biotin demonstrated significant inhibition of growth of tumor spheroids. Therefore, the newly synthesized biotin anchored PTX-conjugated dendrimer system is promising and could be further explored for efficiently delivering PTX to biotin receptor overexpressed cancers. In addition to this study using 5-((3aS,4S,6aR)-2-Oxohexahydro-1H-thieno[3,4-d]imidazol-4-yl)pentanoic acid, there are many other studies that have used 5-((3aS,4S,6aR)-2-Oxohexahydro-1H-thieno[3,4-d]imidazol-4-yl)pentanoic acid(cas: 58-85-5Reference of 5-((3aS,4S,6aR)-2-Oxohexahydro-1H-thieno[3,4-d]imidazol-4-yl)pentanoic acid) was used in this study.

5-((3aS,4S,6aR)-2-Oxohexahydro-1H-thieno[3,4-d]imidazol-4-yl)pentanoic acid(cas: 58-85-5) may be used to elute proteins from avidin/streptavidin resins. It has been used for culturing of oligodendrocytes.Reference of 5-((3aS,4S,6aR)-2-Oxohexahydro-1H-thieno[3,4-d]imidazol-4-yl)pentanoic acid The biotin/avidin or biotin/streptavidin interaction is utilized in many labeling and purification schemes.

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Smaysem, Farah’s team published research in International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences (Madurai, India) in 2020 | CAS: 934-32-7

1H-Benzo[d]imidazol-2-amine(cas: 934-32-7) can be used in the hydrolysis of a choline carbonate. It was also used in the synthesis of imidazo[1,2-a]benzimidazoles.Synthetic Route of C7H7N3

《Synthesis and characterization of some heterocyclic compounds and evaluation of antibacterial activity》 was published in International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences (Madurai, India) in 2020. These research results belong to Smaysem, Farah; Salim, Ahmed. Synthetic Route of C7H7N3 The article mentions the following:

In this study, heterocyclic compounds with two nitrogen atoms are prepared by reaction of 2-aminobenzimidazole with formic acid to give amide derivative, which underwent reaction with phenylhydrazine to give Ph hydrazone derivative and which further reacts with Et chloroacetate to obtain Et acetate derivative A number of Schiff bases are prepared by reacting 2-aminobenzimidazole with benzaldehyde derivatives Triazine, oxadiazole, triazole, tetrazoles are synthesized via cyclization of the Schiff base derivatives with Et chloroacetate and chloro acetyl chloride, benzoic acid, 4-nitrophenyl azide, sodium azide and Ph azide resp. Some prepared compounds exhibit antibacterial properties. In the experiment, the researchers used 1H-Benzo[d]imidazol-2-amine(cas: 934-32-7Synthetic Route of C7H7N3)

1H-Benzo[d]imidazol-2-amine(cas: 934-32-7) can be used in the hydrolysis of a choline carbonate. It was also used in the synthesis of imidazo[1,2-a]benzimidazoles.Synthetic Route of C7H7N3

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Dinh Dang, Minh-Huy’s team published research in Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry (Amsterdam, Netherlands) in 2021 | CAS: 934-32-7

1H-Benzo[d]imidazol-2-amine(cas: 934-32-7) can be used in the hydrolysis of a choline carbonate. It was also used in the synthesis of imidazo[1,2-a]benzimidazoles.Recommanded Product: 934-32-7

Recommanded Product: 934-32-7In 2021 ,《Using sulfate-functionalized Hf-based metal-organic frameworks as a heterogeneous catalyst for solvent-free synthesis of pyrimido[1,2-a]benzimidazoles via one-pot three-component reaction》 was published in Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry (Amsterdam, Netherlands). The article was written by Dinh Dang, Minh-Huy; Ho Thuy Nguyen, Linh; Thi Thu Nguyen, Trang; Xuan Dat Mai, Ngoc; Hoang Tran, Phuong; Le Hoang Doan, Tan. The article contains the following contents:

In this work, a sulfate-functionalized Hf-cluster-based metal-organic framework was prepared via sulfation of a Hf-MOF, named Hf-BTC, constructed by Hf6 clusters and 1,3,5-tricarboxylate linkers. The Hf-BTC-SO4 material was consequently demonstrated to be an efficiently reusable superacid catalyst for a one-pot three-component reaction of pyrimido[1,2-a]benzimidazoles synthesis. The reaction catalyzed by the sulfated Hf-BTC could be carried out under mild and solvent-free conditions and give superior performance in a wide range of substrates. According to detailed investigation, the good catalytic performance of the sulfated-functionalized MOF likely originates from the high-porosity framework and the high active sites of the functionalized clusters. Importantly, the catalyst was easy to recover and reuse the functionalized framework several times with minor changes in catalytic efficiency. The experimental process involved the reaction of 1H-Benzo[d]imidazol-2-amine(cas: 934-32-7Recommanded Product: 934-32-7)

1H-Benzo[d]imidazol-2-amine(cas: 934-32-7) can be used in the hydrolysis of a choline carbonate. It was also used in the synthesis of imidazo[1,2-a]benzimidazoles.Recommanded Product: 934-32-7

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Cho, Kelvin F.’s team published research in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America in 2020 | CAS: 58-85-5

5-((3aS,4S,6aR)-2-Oxohexahydro-1H-thieno[3,4-d]imidazol-4-yl)pentanoic acid(cas: 58-85-5) may be used to elute proteins from avidin/streptavidin resins. It has been used for culturing of oligodendrocytes.Application In Synthesis of 5-((3aS,4S,6aR)-2-Oxohexahydro-1H-thieno[3,4-d]imidazol-4-yl)pentanoic acid And it has been used for blocking endogenous biotin during immunohistology procedures.

《Split-TurboID enables contact-dependent proximity labeling in cells》 was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America in 2020. These research results belong to Cho, Kelvin F.; Branon, Tess C.; Rajeev, Sanjana; Svinkina, Tanya; Udeshi, Namrata D.; Thoudam, Themis; Kwak, Chulhwan; Rhee, Hyun-Woo; Lee, In-Kyu; Carr, Steven A.; Ting, Alice Y.. Application In Synthesis of 5-((3aS,4S,6aR)-2-Oxohexahydro-1H-thieno[3,4-d]imidazol-4-yl)pentanoic acid The article mentions the following:

Proximity labeling catalyzed by promiscuous enzymes, such as TurboID, have enabled the proteomic anal. of subcellular regions difficult or impossible to access by conventional fractionation-based approaches. Yet some cellular regions, such as organelle contact sites, remain out of reach for current PL methods. To address this limitation, we split the enzyme TurboID into two inactive fragments that recombine when driven together by a protein-protein interaction or membrane-membrane apposition. At endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria contact sites, reconstituted TurboID catalyzed spatially restricted biotinylation, enabling the enrichment and identification of >100 endogenous proteins, including many not previously linked to endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria contacts. We validated eight candidates by biochem. fractionation and overexpression imaging. Overall, split-TurboID is a versatile tool for conditional and spatially specific proximity labeling in cells. The experimental process involved the reaction of 5-((3aS,4S,6aR)-2-Oxohexahydro-1H-thieno[3,4-d]imidazol-4-yl)pentanoic acid(cas: 58-85-5Application In Synthesis of 5-((3aS,4S,6aR)-2-Oxohexahydro-1H-thieno[3,4-d]imidazol-4-yl)pentanoic acid)

5-((3aS,4S,6aR)-2-Oxohexahydro-1H-thieno[3,4-d]imidazol-4-yl)pentanoic acid(cas: 58-85-5) may be used to elute proteins from avidin/streptavidin resins. It has been used for culturing of oligodendrocytes.Application In Synthesis of 5-((3aS,4S,6aR)-2-Oxohexahydro-1H-thieno[3,4-d]imidazol-4-yl)pentanoic acid And it has been used for blocking endogenous biotin during immunohistology procedures.

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Walton, Travis’s team published research in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America in 2020 | CAS: 7720-39-0

1H-Imidazol-2-amine(cas: 7720-39-0) belongs to anime. Acylation is one of the most important reactions of primary and secondary amines; a hydrogen atom is replaced by an acyl group (a group derived from an acid, such as RCOOH or RSO3H, by removal of ―OH, such as RC(=O)―, RS(O)2―, and so on). Reagents may be acid chlorides (RCOC1, RSO2C1), anhydrides ((RCO)2O), or even esters (RCOOR′); the products are amides of the corresponding acids.Name: 1H-Imidazol-2-amine

Name: 1H-Imidazol-2-amineIn 2020 ,《In vitro selection of ribozyme ligases that use prebiotically plausible 2-aminoimidazole-activated substrates》 was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. The article was written by Walton, Travis; Das Gupta, Saurja; Duzdevich, Daniel; Oh, Seung Soo; Szostak, Jack W.. The article contains the following contents:

The hypothesized central role of RNA in the origin of life suggests that RNA propagation predated the advent of complex protein enzymes. A critical step of RNA replication is the template-directed synthesis of a complementary strand. Two exptl. approaches have been extensively explored in the pursuit of demonstrating protein-free RNA synthesis: template-directed nonenzymic RNA polymerization using intrinsically reactive monomers and ribozyme-catalyzed polymerization using more stable substrates such as biol. 5′-triphosphates. Despite significant progress in both approaches in recent years, the assembly and copying of functional RNA sequences under prebiotic conditions remains a challenge. Here, we explore an alternative approach to RNA-templated RNA copying that combines ribozyme catalysis with RNA substrates activated with a prebiotically plausible leaving group, 2-aminoimidazole (2AI). We applied in vitro selection to identify ligase ribozymes that catalyze phosphodiester bond formation between a template-bound primer and a phosphor-imidazolide-activated oligomer. Sequencing revealed the progressive enrichment of 10 abundant sequences from a random sequence pool. Ligase activity was detected in all 10 RNA sequences; all required activation of the ligator with 2AI and generated a 3′-5′ phosphodiester bond. We propose that ribozyme catalysis of phosphodiester bond formation using intrinsically reactive RNA substrates, such as imidazolides, could have been an evolutionary step connecting purely nonenzymic to ribozyme-catalyzed RNA template copying during the origin of life. The experimental process involved the reaction of 1H-Imidazol-2-amine(cas: 7720-39-0Name: 1H-Imidazol-2-amine)

1H-Imidazol-2-amine(cas: 7720-39-0) belongs to anime. Acylation is one of the most important reactions of primary and secondary amines; a hydrogen atom is replaced by an acyl group (a group derived from an acid, such as RCOOH or RSO3H, by removal of ―OH, such as RC(=O)―, RS(O)2―, and so on). Reagents may be acid chlorides (RCOC1, RSO2C1), anhydrides ((RCO)2O), or even esters (RCOOR′); the products are amides of the corresponding acids.Name: 1H-Imidazol-2-amine

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem