Month: October 2022

Lo, Chen-Yu; Gao, Yang published the artcile< DNA Polymerase-Parental DNA Interaction Is Essential for Helicase-Polymerase Coupling during Bacteriophage T7 DNA Replication>, Reference of 452-06-2, the main research area is bacteriophage T7 DNA replication polymerase helicase coupling; DNA replication; bacteriophage T7; helicase; polymerase.

DNA helicase and polymerase work cooperatively at the replication fork to perform leading-strand DNA synthesis. It was believed that the helicase migrates to the forefront of the replication fork where it unwinds the duplex to provide templates for DNA polymerases. However, the mol. basis of the helicase-polymerase coupling is not fully understood. The recently elucidated T7 replisome structure suggests that the helicase and polymerase sandwich parental DNA and each enzyme pulls a daughter strand in opposite directions. Interestingly, the T7 polymerase, but not the helicase, carries the parental DNA with a pos. charged cleft and stacks at the fork opening using a β-hairpin loop. Here, we created and characterized T7 polymerases each with a perturbed β-hairpin loop and pos. charged cleft. Mutations on both structural elements significantly reduced the strand-displacement synthesis by T7 polymerase but had only a minor effect on DNA synthesis performed against a linear DNA substrate. Moreover, the aforementioned mutations eliminated synergistic helicase-polymerase binding and unwinding at the DNA fork and processive fork progressions. Thus, our data suggested that T7 polymerase plays a dominant role in helicase-polymerase coupling and replisome progression.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences published new progress about Coliphage T7. 452-06-2 belongs to class imidazoles-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C5H5N5, Reference of 452-06-2.

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Moraes, Carolina V.; Demetrio da Silva, Vinicius; Castegnaro, Marcus V.; Morais, Jonder; Schrekker, Henri S.; Amico, Sandro C. published the artcile< Lightweight Composites through Imidazolium Ionic Liquid Enhanced Aramid-Epoxy Resin Interactions>, Product Details of C6H9ClN2O2, the main research area is lightweight composite imidazolium ionic liquid aramid epoxy resin.

Poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) (PPTA) is mostly used as a low-d. polymeric fiber with high specific stiffness and strength, and thermal and chem. stability. The fiber is used as a reinforcement in composite materials in the aerospace and automobile industries, as well as in ballistic and stab-resistant articles. However, its use in composite materials is hampered by its low interfacial affinity with polymeric matrixes due to its smooth and inert surface. To overcome such low interfacial interaction, various treatments have been applied to modify the aramid surface. However, it is still challenging to identify an industrially feasible process that does not neg. impact mech. properties of the aramid fibers. The objective of this study was to investigate different ionic liquids (ILs) with suitable chem. structures as alternative compatibilizers for aramid fibers with epoxy resin. Kevlar fibers were submitted to ethanolic solutions of imidazolium IL (1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride, 1-carboxymethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride, 1-triethyleneglycol monomethyl ether-3-methylimidazolium methanesulfonate, or 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium methanesulfonate) and then analyzed by IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, SEM, and XPS. Fiber tensile tests, pull-out tests, and contact angle measurements were used to characterize the fiber and its interface with the epoxy resin. Treatment with all IL, except 1-carboxymethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride, enhanced the wettability and adhesion of the fibers without imparing mech. properties. Epoxy resin-based composites were produced using com. fabrics before and after 1-triethyleneglycol monomethyl ether-3-methylimidazolium methanesulfonate treatment and characterized via tensile and short-beam tests. The composite produced with treated fabrics presented slightly higher tensile strength, modulus, and interfacial shear strength, which can be of interest to the composite sector.

ACS Applied Polymer Materials published new progress about Adhesion, physical, interfacial. 700370-07-6 belongs to class imidazoles-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C6H9ClN2O2, Product Details of C6H9ClN2O2.

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Godefroi, E. F.; Loozen, H. J. J.; Luderer-Platje, J. Th. J. Mrs. published the artcile< Synthesis of 1,2-disubstituted imidazole-5-carboxaldehydes and-4,5-dicarboxaldehydes>, Application In Synthesis of 36947-69-0, the main research area is formylation imidazole; imidazotropones; imidazopyridazine; pyridazine imidazo.

1,2-Disubstituted imidazoles react with refluxing 37% CH2O in Ac2O-NaOAc buffer. Both 5-hydroxymethyl- and 4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)imidazole derivatives are formed in 25-50% yields. Bis(hydroxymethylation) is favored by prolonged reaction and is dependent upon the nature of the C-2 substituent. Oxidation of the mono- and dihydroxymethylimidazoles by Pb(OAc)4 in pyridine affords the imidazole-mono- and -dicarboxaldehydes. A few reactions of 1-benzyl-2-isopropylimidazole-4,5-dicarboxaldehyde (I) with certain ketones and with hydrazine are described.

Recueil des Travaux Chimiques des Pays-Bas published new progress about 36947-69-0. 36947-69-0 belongs to class imidazoles-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C7H12N2, Application In Synthesis of 36947-69-0.

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Lund, Paul E.; Chatterjee, Surajit; Daher, May; Walter, Nils G. published the artcile< Protein unties the pseudoknot: S1-mediated unfolding of RNA higher order structure>, Electric Literature of 452-06-2, the main research area is proteinS1 pseudoknot unfolding RNA preQ1 riboswitch conformation modeling Escherichia.

Ribosomal protein S1 plays important roles in the translation initiation step of many Escherichia coli mRNAs, particularly those with weak Shine-Dalgarno sequences or structured 5′ UTRs, in addition to a variety of cellular processes beyond the ribosome. In all cases, the RNA-binding activity of S1 is a central feature of its function. While sequence determinants of S1 affinity and many elements of the interactions of S1 with simple secondary structures are known, mechanistic details of the protein’s interactions with RNAs of more complex secondary and tertiary structure are less understood. Here, we investigate the interaction of S1 with the well-characterized H-type pseudoknot of a class-I translational preQ1 riboswitch as a highly structured RNA model whose conformation and structural dynamics can be tuned by the addition of ligands of varying binding affinity, particularly preQ1, guanine, and 2,6-diaminopurine. Combining biochem. and single mol. fluorescence approaches, we show that S1 preferentially interacts with the less folded form of the pseudoknot and promotes a dynamic, partially unfolded conformation. The ability of S1 to unfold the RNA is inversely correlated with the structural stability of the pseudoknot. These mechanistic insights delineate the scope and limitations of S1-chaperoned unfolding of structured RNAs.

Nucleic Acids Research published new progress about 5′-Untranslated region Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 452-06-2 belongs to class imidazoles-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C5H5N5, Electric Literature of 452-06-2.

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Mandal, Paulami; De, Debojyoti; Yun, Kyunghee; Kim, Kyeong Kyu published the artcile< Improved differentiation of human adipose stem cells to insulin-producing β-like cells using PDFGR kinase inhibitor Tyrphostin9>, Related Products of 452-06-2, the main research area is human insulin PDFGR kinase inhibitor adipose stem cell; Adipose-derived stem cells; Diabetes mellitus; Differentiation; PDGFR inhibitor; β-cell.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic syndrome where insulin secretion or the response to insulin produced by the body is compromised. The only available long-term treatment is the transplantation of pancreas or islet for procuring β-cells. However, due to the shortage of β-cell sources from the tissues, differentiation of pluripotent stem cells or terminally differentiated cells into β-cell is proposed as an alternative strategy. Previously, human adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) were reported to be converted into β-like cells by a stepwise treatment of chems. and growth factors. However, due to the low conversion efficiency, the clin. application was not feasible. In this study, we developed a modified conversion protocol with improved yield and functionality, which is achieved by changing the culture method and addition of Tyrphostin9, a platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) kinase inhibitor. Tyrphostin9 was identified from a cell-based chem. screening using the mCherry reporter under the control of the Pdx1 promoter. The β-like cells differentiated under the new protocol showed a 3.6-fold increase in the expression of Pdx1, a marker for pancreatic differentiation, as compared to the previous protocol. We propose that Tyrphostin9 contributes to the β-like cell differentiation by playing a dual role; enhancing the definitive endoderm generation by inhibiting the PI3K signaling and suppressing the taurine-mediated proliferation of definitive endoderm. Importantly, these differentiated cells responded well to low and high glucose stimulations compared to cells differentiated by the previous protocol, as confirmed by the 2.0-fold increase in the C-peptide release. As ADSCs are abundant, easily isolated, and autologous in nature, improved differentiation approaches to generate β-like cells from ADSCs would provide a better opportunity for treating diabetes.

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications published new progress about Diabetes mellitus. 452-06-2 belongs to class imidazoles-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C5H5N5, Related Products of 452-06-2.

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Plasser, Felix; Gomez, Sandra; Menger, Maximilian F. S. J.; Mai, Sebastian; Gonzalez, Leticia published the artcile< Highly efficient surface hopping dynamics using a linear vibronic coupling model>, Category: imidazoles-derivatives, the main research area is surface hopping dynamics linear vibronic coupling model.

We report an implementation of the linear vibronic coupling (LVC) model within the surface hopping dynamics approach and present utilities for parameterizing this model in a blackbox fashion. This results in an extremely efficient method to obtain qual. and even semi-quant. information about the photodynamical behavior of a mol., and provides a new route toward benchmarking the results of surface hopping computations. The merits and applicability of the method are demonstrated in a number of applications. First, the method is applied to the SO2 mol. showing that it is possible to compute its absorption spectrum beyond the Condon approximation, and that all the main features and timescales of previous on-the-fly dynamics simulations of intersystem crossing are reproduced while reducing the computational effort by three orders of magnitude. The dynamics results are benchmarked against exact wavepacket propagations on the same LVC potentials and against a variation of the electronic structure level. Four addnl. test cases are presented to exemplify the broader applicability of the model. The photodynamics of the isomeric adenine and 2-aminopurine mols. are studied and it is shown that the LVC model correctly predicts ultrafast decay in the former and an extended excited-state lifetime in the latter. Futhermore, the method correctly predicts ultrafast intersystem crossing in the modified nucleobase 2-thiocytosine and its absence in 5-azacytosine while it fails to describe the ultrafast internal conversion to the ground state in the latter.

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics published new progress about Absorption spectra. 452-06-2 belongs to class imidazoles-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C5H5N5, Category: imidazoles-derivatives.

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Yalcin, Abdullah; Sarkici, Gulcin; Kolac, Umut Kerem published the artcile< PKR inhibitors suppress endoplasmic reticulum stress and subdue glucolipotoxicitymediated impairment of insulin secretion in pancreatic beta cells>, Related Products of 452-06-2, the main research area is pancreatic beta cell protein kinase R inhibitor endoplasmic reticulum; ER stress; protein kinase R; β cell degeneration; Type 2 diabetes.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is characterized by insulin resistance and hypersecretion of insulin from the pancreas to compensate for decreased insulin sensitivity in the peripheral tissues. In later stages of the disease insulin-secreting beta cell degeneration commences and patients require insulin replacement therapy in order to accomplish proper regulation of their blood glucose. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in the beta cells is one of the factors contributing to this detrimental effect. Protein kinase R (PKR) is a cellular stress kinase activated by ER stress and contributing to degeneration of pancreatic islets. In order to determine whether inhibition of PKR activation by specific small mol. inhibitors of PKR ameliorates pancreatic insulin secretion capacity, we treated beta cells with two imidazole/oxindole-derived inhibitors of PKR kinase, imoxin (C16) and 2-aminopurine (2-AP), in the presence of ER stress. Our results demonstrate that PKR inhibition suppresses tunicamycin-mediated ER stress without altering the insulin production capacity of the cells. Palmitic acid-mediated suppression of insulin secretion, however, was subdued significantly by PKR inhibitor treatment through an ER stress-related mechanism. We suggest that PKR inhibitor treatment may be used to increase the insulin secretion capacity of the pancreas in later stages of diabetes.

Turkish Journal of Biology published new progress about Cell death. 452-06-2 belongs to class imidazoles-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C5H5N5, Related Products of 452-06-2.

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Wannberg, Johan; Gising, Johan; Lindman, Jens; Salander, Jessica; Gutierrez-de-Teran, Hugo; Ablahad, Hanin; Hamid, Selin; Groenbladh, Alfhild; Spizzo, Iresha; Gaspari, Tracey A.; Widdop, Robert E.; Hallberg, Anders; Backlund, Maria; Lesniak, Anna; Hallberg, Mathias; Larhed, Mats published the artcile< N-(Methyloxycarbonyl)thiophene sulfonamides as high affinity AT2 receptor ligands>, Product Details of C7H12N2, the main research area is AT2 receptor ligand thiophene sulfonamide; AT(2)R ligands; Angiotensin II type 2 receptor; Carboxylic acid bioisosteres; Liver microsomes; Sulfonyl carbamates.

A series of meta-substituted acetophenone derivatives, encompassing N-(alkyloxycarbonyl)thiophene sulfonamide fragments have been synthesized. Several selective AT2 receptor ligands were identified, among those a tert-butylimidazole derivative (20) with a Ki of 9.3 nM, that demonstrates a high stability in human liver microsomes (t1/2 = 62 min) and in human hepatocytes (t1/2 = 194 min). This methyloxycarbonylthiophene sulfonamide is a 20-fold more potent binder to the AT2 receptor and is considerably more stable in human liver microsomes, than a previously reported and broadly studied structurally related AT2R prototype antagonist 3 (C38). Ligand 20 acts as an AT2R agonist and caused an AT2R mediated concentration-dependent vasorelaxation of pre-contracted mouse aorta. Furthermore, in contrast to imidazole derivative C38, the tert-butylimidazole derivative 20 is a poor inhibitor of CYP3A4, CYP2D6 and CYP2C9. It is demonstrated herein that smaller alkyloxycarbonyl groups make the ligands in this series of AT2R selective compounds less prone to degradation and that a high AT2 receptor affinity can be retained after truncation of the alkyloxycarbonyl group. Binding modes of the most potent AT2R ligands were explored by docking calculations combined with mol. dynamics simulations.

Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry published new progress about Angiotensin AT1 receptors Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 36947-69-0 belongs to class imidazoles-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C7H12N2, Product Details of C7H12N2.

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

He, Zhonghan; Li, Yanfeng; Lian, Zhenwei; Liu, Jin; Xian, Hongyi; Jiang, Ran; Hu, Zuqing; Fang, Daokui; Hu, Dalin published the artcile< Exosomal secretion may be a self-protective mechanism of its source cells under environmental stress: A study on human bronchial epithelial cells treated with hydroquinone>, Product Details of C30H30Cl2N6O2, the main research area is bronchial epithelial cell line hydroquinone exosomal secretion environmental stress; DNA damage; exosomal secretion; human bronchial epithelial cells; hydroquinone; toxic effects.

Accumulating evidence reveals that exosome plays an important role in cell-to-cell communication in both physiol. and pathol. processes by transferring bioactive mols. However, the role of exosomal secretion in the adaptation of its source cells to the stimuli of environmental chems. remains elusive. In this study, we revealed that the exposure of hydroquinone (HQ; the main bioactive metabolite of benzene) to human bronchial epithelial cells (16HBE) resulted in decreased ability of cell proliferation and migration, and simultaneously DNA damage and micronuclei formation. Interestingly, when exosomal secretion of HQ treated 16HBE cells was inhibited with the inhibitor GW4869, cellular proliferation and migration were further significantly reduced; concurrently, their DNA damage and micronuclei formation were both further significantly aggravated. Herein, we conclude that exosomal secretion of 16HBE cells may be an important self-protective function against the toxic effects induced by HQ.

Journal of Applied Toxicology published new progress about Cell migration. 6823-69-4 belongs to class imidazoles-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C30H30Cl2N6O2, Product Details of C30H30Cl2N6O2.

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Alonso, Nerea; Munoz, Juan de M.; Egle, Brecht; Vrijdag, Johannes L.; De Borggraeve, Wim M.; de la Hoz, Antonio; Diaz-Ortiz, Angel; Alcazar, Jesus published the artcile< First example of a continuous-flow carbonylation reaction using aryl formates as CO precursors>, COA of Formula: C4H5BrN2, the main research area is haloarene aryl formate carbonylation flow chem.

The first continuous flow carbonylation reaction using aryl formates as CO precursor is reported. The reaction is practical, scalable and high yielding. The use of a flow protocol safely allows expanding the scope to activated chlorides, nitrogen heterocycles and to the selective introduction of an ester group in dihalo-derivatives Further selective reduction of the ester formed to an aldehyde in flow is also described.

Journal of Flow Chemistry published new progress about Aryl halides Role: RCT (Reactant), RACT (Reactant or Reagent). 1003-21-0 belongs to class imidazoles-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C4H5BrN2, COA of Formula: C4H5BrN2.

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem