Month: October 2022

Lim, Gary N.; Ross, Ashley E. published the artcile< Purine Functional Group Type and Placement Modulate the Interaction with Carbon-Fiber Microelectrodes>, Computed Properties of 452-06-2, the main research area is purine functional group interaction carbon fiber microelectrode; adenine; adenosine; carbon-fiber microelectrode; fast-scan cyclic voltammetry; guanine; guanosine.

Purine detection in the brain with fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) at carbon-fiber microelectrodes (CFME) has become increasingly popular over the past decade; despite the growing interest, an in-depth anal. of how purines interact with the CFME at fast-scan rates has not been studied. Here, the functional group type and placement in the purine ring modulate sensitivity, electron transfer kinetics, and adsorption on the carbon-fiber surface. Similar studies of catecholamine interaction at CFME with FSCV have informed the development of novel catecholamine-based sensors and is needed for purine-based sensors. The authors tested purine bases with either amino, carbonyl, or both functional groups substituted at different positions on the ring and an unsubstituted purine. Unsubstituted purine showed very little to no interaction with the electrode surface, indicating that functional groups are important for interaction at the CFME. Purine nucleosides and nucleotides, like adenosine, guanosine, and ATP, are most often probed using FSCV due to their rich extracellular signaling modalities in the brain. Because of this, the extent to which the ribose and triphosphate groups affect the purine-CFME interaction was also evaluated. Amino functional groups facilitated the interaction of purine analogs with CFME more than carbonyl groups, permitting strong adsorption and high surface coverage. Ribose and triphosphate groups decreased the oxidative current and slowed the interaction at the electrode which is likely due to steric effects and electrostatic repulsion. This work provides insight into the factors that affect purine-CFME interaction and conditions to consider when developing purine-targeted sensors for FSCV.

ACS Sensors published new progress about Carbon fibers Role: ARU (Analytical Role, Unclassified), BUU (Biological Use, Unclassified), PEP (Physical, Engineering or Chemical Process), TEM (Technical or Engineered Material Use), ANST (Analytical Study), BIOL (Biological Study), USES (Uses), PROC (Process). 452-06-2 belongs to class imidazoles-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C5H5N5, Computed Properties of 452-06-2.

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Irla, Marta; Hakvaag, Sigrid; Brautaset, Trygve published the artcile< Developing a riboswitch-mediated regulatory system for metabolic flux control in thermophilic Bacillus methanolicus>, Recommanded Product: 7H-Purin-2-amine, the main research area is thermophilic Bacillus methanolicus riboswitch regulatory system metabolic flux; Bacillus methanolicus; lysine riboswitch; methanol; pbuE riboswitch; thermophile.

Genome-wide transcriptomic data obtained in RNA-seq experiments can serve as a reliable source for identification of novel regulatory elements such as riboswitches and promoters. Riboswitches are parts of the 5′ untranslated region of mRNA mols. that can specifically bind various metabolites and control gene expression. For that reason, they have become an attractive tool for engineering biol. systems, especially for the regulation of metabolic fluxes in industrial microorganisms. Promoters in the genomes of prokaryotes are located upstream of transcription start sites and their sequences are easily identifiable based on the primary transcriptome data. Bacillus methanolicus MGA3 is a candidate for use as an industrial workhorse in methanol-based bioprocesses and its metabolism has been studied in systems biol. approaches in recent years, including transcriptome characterization through RNA-seq. Here, we identify a putative lysine riboswitch in B. methanolicus, and test and characterize it. We also select and exptl. verify 10 putative B. methanolicus-derived promoters differing in their predicted strength and present their functionality in combination with the lysine riboswitch. We further explore the potential of a B. subtilis-derived purine riboswitch for regulation of gene expression in the thermophilic B. methanolicus, establishing a novel tool for inducible gene expression in this bacterium.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences published new progress about 5′-Untranslated region Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 452-06-2 belongs to class imidazoles-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C5H5N5, Recommanded Product: 7H-Purin-2-amine.

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Lu, Dingkun; Qin, Menghan; Liu, Chang; Deng, Jingjing; Shi, Guoyue; Zhou, Tianshu published the artcile< Ionic liquid-functionalized magnetic metal-organic framework nanocomposites for efficient extraction and sensitive detection of fluoroquinolone antibiotics in environmental water>, Synthetic Route of 700370-07-6, the main research area is ionic liquid functionalized magnetic metal organic framework nanocomposite extractant; adsorption detection fluoroquinolone antibiotics environmental water; detection; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; ionic liquid-functionalized; magnetic metal−organic framework; nanocomposites.

Herein, the hydrophobic carboxyl-functionalized ionic liquid (IL-COOH) was encapsulated into the prepared Fe3O4@Zr-MOFs, and the novel water-stable IL-COOH/Fe3O4@Zr-MOF nanocomposites were first synthesized. The polydopamine-functionalized Fe3O4 was introduced to construct the core-shell structure via layer-by-layer modification, and the controlled growth of Zr-MOFs was achieved, which realized the adjustment of charged properties of nanocomposites and simplified the adsorption or extraction process. The IL-COOH/Fe3O4@Zr-MOFs were fully studied by IR, HNMR, XRD, N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms, TEM, EDS mapping, VSM, and so on. Then, they were employed for the selective adsorption and detection of fluoroquinolone antibiotics (FQs). The adsorption isotherms and kinetics demonstrated that the adsorption process followed a pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the Langmuir isotherm model. Among them, IL-COOH/Fe3O4@UiO-67-bpydc showed the best adsorption performance, and the maximum adsorption capacity of ofloxacin was 438.5 mg g-1. Coupled magnetic solid-phase extraction with HPLC-DAD, a convenient, sensitive, and efficient method for extraction and detection of FQs in environmental water, was developed based on IL-COOH/Fe3O4@UiO-67-bpydc. The recoveries of environmental water were ranging from 90.0 to 110.0%, and the detection limits were lower than 0.02μg L-1. The novel functionalized composites served as solid-phase adsorbents and liquid-phase extractants. This study also provided a promising strategy for designing and preparing multi-functionalized nanocomposites for the removal or detection of pollutants in environmental samples.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces published new progress about Adsorbents. 700370-07-6 belongs to class imidazoles-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C6H9ClN2O2, Synthetic Route of 700370-07-6.

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Sindi, Hebah A.; Russomanno, Giusy; Satta, Sandro; Abdul-Salam, Vahitha B.; Jo, Kyeong Beom; Qazi-Chaudhry, Basma; Ainscough, Alexander J.; Szulcek, Robert; Jan Bogaard, Harm; Morgan, Claire C.; Pullamsetti, Soni S.; Alzaydi, Mai M.; Rhodes, Christopher J.; Piva, Roberto; Eichstaedt, Christina A.; Grunig, Ekkehard; Wilkins, Martin R.; Wojciak-Stothard, Beata published the artcile< Therapeutic potential of KLF2-induced exosomal microRNAs in pulmonary hypertension>, Reference of 6823-69-4, the main research area is KLF2 miR181a5p miR3245p signaling pulmonary hypertension notch4 ETS1.

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a severe disorder of lung vasculature that causes right heart failure. Homoeostatic effects of flow-activated transcription factor Kruppel-like factor 2 (KLF2) are compromised in PAH. Here, we show that KLF2-induced exosomal microRNAs, miR-181a-5p and miR-324-5p act together to attenuate pulmonary vascular remodelling and that their actions are mediated by Notch4 and ETS1 and other key regulators of vascular homoeostasis. Expressions of KLF2, miR-181a-5p and miR-324-5p are reduced, while levels of their target genes are elevated in pre-clin. PAH, idiopathic PAH and heritable PAH with missense p.H288Y KLF2 mutation. Therapeutic supplementation of miR-181a-5p and miR-324-5p reduces proliferative and angiogenic responses in patient-derived cells and attenuates disease progression in PAH mice. This study shows that reduced KLF2 signalling is a common feature of human PAH and highlights the potential therapeutic role of KLF2-regulated exosomal miRNAs in PAH and other diseases associated with vascular remodelling.

Nature Communications published new progress about Cell proliferation. 6823-69-4 belongs to class imidazoles-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C30H30Cl2N6O2, Reference of 6823-69-4.

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Schareina, Thomas; Zapf, Alexander; Cotte, Alain; Gotta, Matthias; Beller, Matthias published the artcile< An Improved Protocol for Palladium-Catalyzed Alkoxycarbonylations of Aryl Chlorides with Alkyl Formates>, Category: imidazoles-derivatives, the main research area is aryl heteroaryl halide alkyl formate alkoxycarbonylation palladium catalysis.

The palladium-catalyzed alkoxycarbonylation of aryl and heteroaryl halides using Bu formate has been investigated. In the presence of palladium(II) acetate/n-butylbis(1-adamantyl)phosphine (L1), and 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU) as base for the first time non-activated chloroarenes can be conveniently carbonylated in good yields.

Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis published new progress about Alkoxycarbonylation. 1003-21-0 belongs to class imidazoles-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C4H5BrN2, Category: imidazoles-derivatives.

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Sandfort, Frederik; Knecht, Tobias; Pinkert, Tobias; Daniliuc, Constantin G.; Glorius, Frank published the artcile< Site-Selective Thiolation of (Multi)halogenated Heteroarenes>, Quality Control of 1003-21-0, the main research area is heteroarene thiol site selective thiolation photochem iridium.

A general and simple strategy for the site-selective thiolation of various pharmaceutically relevant electron-rich heteroarenes with thiols is reported. This mild and reliable photocatalytic protocol enables C-S coupling at the most electron-rich position of the (multi)halogenated substrates, complementing established methodologies. Exptl. and computational studies suggest a radical chain mechanism with the key step being a homolytic aromatic substitution of the heteroaryl halide by an electrophilic thiyl radical, highlighting an underdeveloped reactivity mode.

Journal of the American Chemical Society published new progress about Free energy. 1003-21-0 belongs to class imidazoles-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C4H5BrN2, Quality Control of 1003-21-0.

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Essandoh, Kobina; Yang, Liwang; Wang, Xiaohong; Huang, Wei; Qin, Dongze; Hao, Jiukuan; Wang, Yigang; Zingarelli, Basilia; Peng, Tianqing; Fan, Guo-Chang published the artcile< Blockade of exosome generation with GW4869 dampens the sepsis-induced inflammation and cardiac dysfunction>, Reference of 6823-69-4, the main research area is GW4869 exosome sepsis inflammation cardiac dysfunction; Cardiac dysfunction; Exosomes; Inflammatory response; Macrophages; Sepsis.

Sepsis is an infection-induced severe inflammatory disorder that leads to multiple organ failure. Amongst organs affected, myocardial depression is believed to be a major contributor to septic death. While it has been identified that large amounts of circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines are culprit for triggering cardiac dysfunction in sepsis, the underlying mechanisms remain obscure. Addnl., recent studies have shown that exosomes released from bacteria-infected macrophages are pro-inflammatory. Hence, we examined in this study whether blocking the generation of exosomes would be protective against sepsis-induced inflammatory response and cardiac dysfunction. To this end, we pre-treated RAW264.7 macrophages with GW4869, an inhibitor of exosome biogenesis/release, followed by endotoxin (LPS) challenge. In vivo, we injected wild-type (WT) mice with GW4869 for 1 h prior to endotoxin treatment or cecal ligation/puncture (CLP) surgery. We observed that pre-treatment with GW4869 significantly impaired release of both exosomes and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6) in RAW264.7 macrophages. At 12 h after LPS treatment or CLP surgery, WT mice pre-treated with GW4869 displayed lower amounts of exosomes and pro-inflammatory cytokines in the serum than control PBS-injected mice. Accordingly, GW4869 treatment diminished the sepsis-induced cardiac inflammation, attenuated myocardial depression and prolonged survival. Together, our findings indicate that blockade of exosome generation in sepsis dampens the sepsis-triggered inflammatory response and thereby, improves cardiac function and survival.

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, Molecular Basis of Disease published new progress about Bacterial infection. 6823-69-4 belongs to class imidazoles-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C30H30Cl2N6O2, Reference of 6823-69-4.

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Ren, Jing; Ding, Liang; Zhang, Dongya; Shi, Guoping; Xu, Qianyun; Shen, Sunan; Wang, Yaping; Wang, Tingting; Hou, Yayi published the artcile< Carcinoma-associated fibroblasts promote the stemness and chemoresistance of colorectal cancer by transferring exosomal lncRNA H19>, Electric Literature of 6823-69-4, the main research area is colorectal cancer fibroblast stemness chemoresistance lncRNA H19; CAFs; CRC; H19; chemoresistance; stemness.

In this study, we further investigated the underlying tumor-promoting roles of CAFs and the mol. mediators involved in these processes. Methods: The AOM/DSS-induced colitis-associated cancer (CAC) mouse model was established, and RNA sequencing was performed. SW480 cells with H19 stably knocked down were used to establish a xenograft model. The indicated protein levels in xenograft tumor tissues were confirmed by immunohistochem. assay, and cell apoptosis was analyzed by TUNEL apoptosis assay. The AldeRed ALDH detection assay was performed to detect intracellular aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) enzyme activity. Results: H19 was highly expressed in the tumor tissues of CAC mice compared with the expression in normal colon tissues. Moreover, H19 was associated with the stemness of colorectal cancer stem cells (CSCs) in CRC specimens. Of note, H19 was enriched in CAF-derived conditioned medium and exosomes, which in turn promoted the stemness of CSCs and the chemoresistance of CRC cells in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion: CAFs promote the stemness and chemoresistance of CRC by transferring exosomal H19. H19 activated the β-catenin pathway via acting as a competing endogenous RNA sponge for miR-141, while miR-141 inhibited the stemness of CRC cells. Our findings indicate that H19 expressed by CAFs of the colorectal tumor stroma contributes to tumor development and chemoresistance.

Theranostics published new progress about Animal gene, HSP70 Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 6823-69-4 belongs to class imidazoles-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C30H30Cl2N6O2, Electric Literature of 6823-69-4.

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Wang, Zhen; Zhang, Yali; Pinkas, Daniel M.; Fox, Alice E.; Luo, Jinfeng; Huang, Huocong; Cui, Shengyang; Xiang, Qiuping; Xu, Tingting; Xun, Qiuju; Zhu, Dongsheng; Tu, Zhengchao; Ren, Xiaomei; Brekken, Rolf A.; Bullock, Alex N.; Liang, Guang; Ding, Ke; Lu, Xiaoyun published the artcile< Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of 3-(Imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3-ylethynyl)-4-isopropyl-N-(3-((4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)benzamide as a Dual Inhibitor of Discoidin Domain Receptors 1 and 2>, Safety of 5-Bromo-1-methyl-1H-imidazole, the main research area is design synthesis heterocycloalkynylbenzimide dual inhibitor Discoidin domain receptor; antiinflammatory drug discovery human pharmacokinetic mol modeling.

Discoidin-domain receptors 1 and 2 (DDR1 and DDR2) are new potential targets for anti-inflammatory-drug discovery. A series of heterocycloalkynylbenzimides were designed and optimized to coinhibit DDR1 and DDR2. One of the most promising compounds, I, tightly bound to DDR1 and DDR2 proteins with Kd values of 7.9 and 8.0 nM; potently inhibited the kinases with IC50 values of 9.4 and 20.4 nM, resp.; and was significantly less potent for a panel of 403 wild-type kinases at 1.0 μM. DDR1- and DDR2-kinase inhibition by I was validated by Western-blotting anal. in primary human lung fibroblasts. The compound also dose-dependently inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced interleukin 6 (IL-6) release in vitro and exhibited promising in vivo anti-inflammatory effects in an LPS-induced-acute-lung-injury (ALI) mouse model. Compound I may serve as a lead compound for new anti-inflammatory drug discovery.

Journal of Medicinal Chemistry published new progress about Acute toxicity. 1003-21-0 belongs to class imidazoles-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C4H5BrN2, Safety of 5-Bromo-1-methyl-1H-imidazole.

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Ikezaki, Akira; Nakamura, Mikio published the artcile< Models for Cytochromes c': Spin States of Mono(imidazole)-Ligated (meso-Tetramesitylporphyrinato)iron(III) Complexes as Studied by UV-Vis, 13C NMR, 1H NMR, and EPR Spectroscopy>, HPLC of Formula: 36947-69-0, the main research area is cytochrome c model imidazole iron porphyrin complex; spin state imidazole iron porphyrin complex; ESR imidazole iron porphyrinato; solvent effect spin state imidazole iron porphinato; UV visible imidazole iron porphyrin complex; NMR chem shift imidazole iron porphyrin complex.

A number of mono(imidazole)-ligated complexes of (meso-tetramesitylporphyrinato)iron(III) perchlorate, [Fe(TMP)L]ClO4, were prepared, and their spin states were examined by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and EPR spectroscopy as well as solution magnetic moments. All the complexes examined showed a quantum mech. spin admixed state of high and intermediate-spin (S = 5/2 and 3/2) states, though the contribution of the S = 3/2 state varies depending on the nature of axial ligands. While the complex with extremely bulky 2-tert-butylimidazole (2-tBuIm) has exhibited an essentially pure S = 5/2 state, the complex with electron-deficient 4,5-dichloroimidazole (4,5-Cl2Im) adopts an S = 3/2 state with 30% of the S = 5/2 spin admixture From the 1H and 13C NMR results, the S = 3/2 contribution at ambient temperature increases according to the following order: 2-tBuIm < 2-(1-EtPr)Im < 2-MeIm ≤ 2-EtIm ≤ 2-iPrIm < 4,5-Cl2Im. The effective magnetic moments determined by the Evans method in CH2Cl2 solution are 5.9 and 5.0 μB at 25° for [Fe(TMP)(2-tBuIm)]ClO4 and [Fe(TMP)(2-MeIm)]ClO4, resp., which further verify the order given above. Comparison of the NMR and EPR data revealed that the S = 3/2 contribution changes sensitively by the temperature; the S = 3/2 contribution decreases as the temperature is lowered for all the mono(imidazole) complexes examined The solvent polarity also affects the spin state; polar solvents such as MeOH and MeCN increase the S = 3/2 contribution while nonpolar solvents such as benzene decrease it. These results are explained in terms of the structurally flexible nature of the mono(imidazole) complexes; structural parameters such as the Fe(III)-Naxial bond length, displacement of the Fe from the N4 core, tilting of the Fe(III)-Naxial bond to the heme normal, orientation of the coordinated imidazole ligand, etc., could be altered by the nature of the axial ligands as well as by the solvent polarity and temperature Some mysteries on the spin states of cytochromes c' isolated from various bacterial sources are possibly explained in terms of the flexible nature of the mono(imidazole)-ligated structure. Inorganic Chemistry published new progress about ESR (electron spin resonance). 36947-69-0 belongs to class imidazoles-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C7H12N2, HPLC of Formula: 36947-69-0.

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem