Month: October 2022

《Translational Diffusion in a Set of Imidazolium-Based Ionic Liquids [bmim]+A- and Their Mixtures with Water》 was written by Bystrov, Sergei S.; Matveev, Vladimir V.; Egorov, Andrei V.; Chernyshev, Yurii S.; Konovalov, Vladislav A.; Balevicius, Vytautas; Chizhik, Vladimir I.. Safety of 3-Butyl-1-methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium tetrafluoroborateThis research focused ontranslational diffusion imidazolium based ionic liquid water mixture. The article conveys some information:

As the development of the work (J. Phys. Chem. B 2019, 123 (10), 2362-2372) we have investigated the translational mobility in the same set of dried imidazolium-based ionic liquids [bmim]A (A = BF4-, NO3-, TfO-, I-, Br-, and Cl-) in a wide temperature range using NMR technique. It is shown that for the [bmim]+ cation the temperature dependencies of the product Dη do not follow the Stokes-Einstein relation for most systems studied, i.e. there realized so-called “”diffusion-viscosity decoupling””. The correlation between local and translational mobility in pure ionic liquids (IL) of the [bmim][A] type was investigated using the data on NMR relaxation rates and diffusion coefficients The most recent hypothesis of “”water pockets”” in mixtures of IL with water is critically discussed. Considering the totality of data in literature and obtained here, we propose a specific model of the microstructure which may be applied up to water concentrations of 80-90 mol % (the structure of water-rich solutions is out of our current consideration). To confirm the model mol. dynamics simulations of “”IL-water”” mixtures were also carried out. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Butyl-1-methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium tetrafluoroborate(cas: 174501-65-6Safety of 3-Butyl-1-methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium tetrafluoroborate)

3-Butyl-1-methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium tetrafluoroborate(cas: 174501-65-6) is a member of lonic liquids. Actually, lonic liquids as innovative fluids have received wide attention only during the past two decades. The number of SCI papers published on lonic liquids has exponentially increased from a few in 1996 to >5000 in 2016, exceeding the annual growth rates of other popular scientific areas. Safety of 3-Butyl-1-methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium tetrafluoroborate

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

《Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks for Kinetic Separation of Propane and Propene》 was written by Li, Kunhao; Olson, David H.; Seidel, Jonathan; Emge, Thomas J.; Gong, Hongwei; Zeng, Heping; Li, Jing. Reference of 2-Bromo-1H-imidazoleThis research focused onzinc imidazolate zeolitic framework propane propene separation. The article conveys some information:

Propane/propene separation by cryogenic distillation is one of the most energy and cost intensive industrial processes. Adsorptive separation is a more energy-efficient alternative. Three isostructural zinc imidazolate zeolitic framework materials are found, for the first time, to be promising in the separation of propene and propane based on their different diffusion rates. Fine-tuning of the pore opening size is critical for this type of separation The results came from multiple reactions, including the reaction of 2-Bromo-1H-imidazole(cas: 16681-56-4Reference of 2-Bromo-1H-imidazole)

2-Bromo-1H-imidazole(cas: 16681-56-4) is a member of imidazole. Its exclusive structural characteristics with enviable electron-rich features are favorable for imidazole-based fused heterocycles to bind efficiently with an array of enzymes and receptors in biological systems through various weak interactions like hydrogen bonds, ion-dipole, cation-π, π-π stacking, coordination, Van der Waals forces, hydrophobic effects, etc., and therefore they demonstrate widespread bioactivities. Reference of 2-Bromo-1H-imidazole

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

In 1973,Journal of General Microbiology included an article by Stutzenberger, F. J.; Parle, J. N.. Application In Synthesis of 3-(1H-Benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)propan-1-ol. The article was titled 《Effect of 2-substituted benzimidazoles on the fungus Pithomyces chartarum》. The information in the text is summarized as follows:

The inhibition of germ-tube elongation in P. chartarum conidia by 2-substituted benzimidazoles varied markedly with the substituted group, 2-(4-thiazolyl)benzimidazole (I) [148-79-8] being the most active. I inhibition of germ-tube elongation was partially eliminated by high concentrations of vitamin B12 [68-19-9], suggesting that I may act as a precursor in the formation of an inactive vitamin B12 coenzyme analog. The inhibition of respiration in germinating spores exposed to I for 3-4 hr appeared to be an indirect effect of I, since I did not affect O uptake or respiratory control of isolated mitochondria. In the experiment, the researchers used 3-(1H-Benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)propan-1-ol(cas: 2403-66-9Application In Synthesis of 3-(1H-Benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)propan-1-ol)

3-(1H-Benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)propan-1-ol(cas: 2403-66-9) belongs to imidazoles.Imidazole rings are also present in imidazole ring alkaloids, which are potential therapeutics for thrombosis, cancer and inflammatory diseases.Application In Synthesis of 3-(1H-Benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)propan-1-ol Although other azole heterocycles are ubiquitous in a wide range of biologically active natural products, imidazole rings occur predominantly in the natural amino acid histidine.

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Ladduwahetty, Tammy; Lee, Matthew R.; Maillard, Michel C.; Cachope, Roger; Todd, Daniel; Barnes, Michael; Beaumont, Vahri; Chauhan, Alka; Gallati, Caroline; Haughan, Alan F.; Kempf, Georg; Luckhurst, Christopher A.; Matthews, Kim; McAllister, George; Mitchell, Philip; Patel, Hiral; Rose, Mark; Saville-Stones, Elizabeth; Steinbacher, Stefan; Stott, Andrew J.; Thatcher, Emma; Tierney, Jason; Urbonas, Liudvikas; Munoz-Sanjuan, Ignacio; Dominguez, Celia published an article in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. The title of the article was 《Identification of a Potent, Selective, and Brain-Penetrant Rho Kinase Inhibitor and its Activity in a Mouse Model of Huntington’s Disease》.Electric Literature of C8H6N2O The author mentioned the following in the article:

The Rho kinase (ROCK) pathway is implicated in the pathogenesis of several conditions, including neurol. diseases. In Huntington’s disease (HD), ROCK is implicated in mutant huntingtin (HTT) aggregation and neurotoxicity, and members of the ROCK pathway are increased in HD mouse models and patients. To validate this mode of action as a potential treatment for HD, a potent, selective, central nervous system (CNS)-penetrant ROCK inhibitor was sought. Identifying a compound that could be dosed orally in mice with selectivity against other AGC kinases, including protein kinase G (PKG), whose inhibition could potentially activate the ROCK pathway, was paramount for the program. The optimization of published ligands to identify a novel series of ROCK inhibitors based on a piperazine core was demonstrated. Morphing of the early series developed inhouse by scaffold hopping enabled the identification of a compound exhibiting high potency and desired selectivity and demonstrating a robust pharmacodynamic (PD) effect by the inhibition of ROCK-mediated substrate (MYPT1) phosphorylation after oral dosing. The results came from multiple reactions, including the reaction of Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-5-carbaldehyde(cas: 372147-50-7Electric Literature of C8H6N2O)

Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-5-carbaldehyde(cas: 372147-50-7) belongs to imidazoles.Imidazole rings are part of unnatural cyclic peptides and are used as ester isosteres in peptidomimetic studies.
Electric Literature of C8H6N2O However, the application of imidazoles is not limited to the field of peptides and peptidomimetics.

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

The author of 《Crystalline Divinyldiarsenes and Cleavage of the As:As Bond》 were Sharma, Mahendra K.; Blomeyer, Sebastian; Neumann, Beate; Stammler, Hans-Georg; Ghadwal, Rajendra S.. And the article was published in Chemistry – A European Journal in 2019. Computed Properties of C27H39ClN2 The author mentioned the following in the article:

The first divinyldiarsenes [{(NHC)C(Ph)}As]2 (NHC=IPr 3 a, SIPr 3 b; IPr=C{(NAr)CH}2; SIPr=C{(NAr)CH2}2; Ar=2,6-iPr2C6H3) are reported. Compounds 3 a and 3 b were prepared by the reduction of corresponding chlorides {(NHC)C(Ph)}AsCl2 (NHC=IPr 2 a, SIPr 2 b) with Mg. Calculations revealed a small HOMO-LUMO energy gap of 3.86 (3 a) and 4.24 eV (3 b). Treatment of 3 a with (Me2S)AuCl led to the cleavage of the As:As bond to restore 2 a, which is expected to proceed via the diarsane [{(IPr)C(Ph)}AsCl]2 (4). Remarkably, 4 as well as 2 a can be selectively accessed on treatment of 3 a with an appropriate amount of C2Cl6. Moreover, 3 a readily reacts with PhEEPh (E=Se or Te) at room temperature to give {(IPr)C(Ph)}As(EPh)2 (E=Se 5 a; Te 5 b), revealing the cleavage of As:As and E-E bonds and the formation of As-E bonds. Such highly selective stepwise oxidation (3a → 4 → 2a) and bond metathesis (3a → 5a,b) reactions are unprecedented in main-group chem. The experimental process involved the reaction of 1,3-Bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-3-ium chloride(cas: 258278-25-0Computed Properties of C27H39ClN2)

1,3-Bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-3-ium chloride(cas: 258278-25-0) has been employed in an efficient, one-pot synthesis of N-heterocyclic carbene-allylpalladium complexes.Computed Properties of C27H39ClN2In addition, it can efficiently catalyze the Suzuki-Miyaura coupling of aryl chlorides with aryl boronic acids.

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

In 2018,Cheng, Huanbo; Huang, Haihong; Liu, Zhifeng; Zhang, Jie published 《Reaction Kinetics of CFRP Degradation in Supercritical Fluids》.Journal of Polymers and the Environment published the findings.Electric Literature of C3H5N3 The information in the text is summarized as follows:

The reaction kinetics models of carbon fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) degradation in supercritical fluids were established by analyzing the chain scission reaction of a cross-linked network in CFRP. The effect of reaction time and temperature on the residual resin content from the recycled carbon fiber was investigated. The reaction order of CFRP degradation was estimated, and the reaction rate constant was calculated at different reaction temperatures Reaction kinetics equations of CFRP degradation in different supercritical fluids were also proposed. Results indicated that CFRP degradation was mainly due to the scission of the C-C, C-O, and -O- bonds in the linear chain segment and of the C-N bond in the cross-linked segment of an epoxy resin cure system. The reaction order was 2 or 2.5. The monofilament tensile strength of recycled carbon fiber in supercritical n-butanol and n-propanol, which had higher degradation reaction rates, decreased by about 2% compared with that of the original carbon fiber. In the experiment, the researchers used 1H-Imidazol-2-amine(cas: 7720-39-0Electric Literature of C3H5N3)

1H-Imidazol-2-amine(cas: 7720-39-0) belongs to anime. Amine, any member of a family of nitrogen-containing organic compounds that is derived, either in principle or in practice, from ammonia (NH3). Naturally occurring amines include the alkaloids, which are present in certain plants; the catecholamine neurotransmitters (i.e., dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine); and a local chemical mediator, histamine, that occurs in most animal tissues.Electric Literature of C3H5N3

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

In 2019,Membranes (Basel, Switzerland) included an article by Akhmetshina, Alsu I.; Yanbikov, Nail R.; Atlaskin, Artem A.; Trubyanov, Maxim M.; Mechergui, Amal; Otvagina, Ksenia V.; Razov, Evgeny N.; Mochalova, Alla E.; Vorotyntsev, Ilya V.. Computed Properties of C8H15BF4N2. The article was titled 《Acidic gases separation from gas mixtures on the supported ionic liquid membranes providing the facilitated and solution-diffusion transport mechanisms》. The information in the text is summarized as follows:

Nowadays, the imidazolium-based ionic liquids containing acetate counter-ions are attracting much attention as both highly selective absorbents of the acidic gases and CO2 carriers in the supported ionic liquid membranes. In this regard, the investigation of the gas transport properties of such membranes may be appropriate for better understanding of various factors alecting the separation performance and the selection of the optimal operating conditions. In this work, we have tested CH4, CO2 and H2S permeability across the supported ionic liquid membranes impregnated by 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate (bmim[OAc]) with the following determination of the ideal selectivity in order to compare the facilitated transport membrane performance with the supported ionic liquid membrane (SILM) that provides solution-diffusion mechanism, namely, containing 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (bmim[BF4]). Both SILMs have showed modest individual gases permeability and ideal selectivity of CO2/CH4 and H2S/CH4 separation that achieves values up to 15 and 32, resp. The elect of the feed gas mixture composition on the permeability of acidic gases and permeselectivity of the gas pair was investigated. It turned out that the permeation behavior for the bmim[OAc]-based SILM toward the binary CO2/CH4, H2S/CH4 and ternary CO2/H2S/CH4 mixtures was featured with high acidic gases selectivity due to the relatively low methane penetration through the liquid phase saturated by acidic gases. In the experiment, the researchers used 3-Butyl-1-methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium tetrafluoroborate(cas: 174501-65-6Computed Properties of C8H15BF4N2)

3-Butyl-1-methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium tetrafluoroborate(cas: 174501-65-6) is a member of lonic liquids. A multidisciplinary study on lonic liquids is emerging, including chemistry, materials science, chemical engineering, and environmental science. More specifically, some important fundamental viewpoints are now different from the original concepts, as insights into the nature of lonic liquids become deeper. For example, the physicochemical properties of lonic liquids are now recognized as ranging broadly from the oft quoted “nonvolatile, non-flammable, and air and water stable” to those that are distinctly volatile, flammable, and unstable. Computed Properties of C8H15BF4N2

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

In 2019,Journal of cutaneous medicine and surgery included an article by John, Jason J; Lipner, Shari R. Name: 5-((3aS,4S,6aR)-2-Oxohexahydro-1H-thieno[3,4-d]imidazol-4-yl)pentanoic acid. The article was titled 《Consumer Perception of Biotin Supplementation.》. The information in the text is summarized as follows:

BACKGROUND: Biotin is an essential cofactor for metabolic pathways in humans. It is frequently self-prescribed by consumers and often recommended by dermatologists and primary care physicians, despite limited evidence of its effect on skin, hair, and nail disorders. A recent Food and Drug Administration (FDA) warning stated that biotin can interfere with laboratory tests. OBJECTIVES: Our objectives were to determine the perception of biotin by Amazon consumers, including perception of improvement in hair, skin, or nails with biotin supplementation and consumers’ awareness of the FDA warning on biotin. METHODS: The keyword biotin was searched on Amazon.com, and the top 1 percentile of biotin products according to average consumer review were analyzed for dosage, indications, price, quantity, warnings, number, and average score of reviews. RESULTS: From 16 biotin products analyzed, the mean review score was 4.38. The mean percentage of reviews stating that biotin helped hair, nails, and skin was 27.2%, 15.03%, and 2.8%, respectively. No biotin products mentioned the FDA warning, and only 1 reviewer referenced the warning. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that biotin supplementation is prevalent and perceived as helpful despite limited evidence of improvement. The majority of biotin users were unaware that biotin interacted with laboratory testing demonstrating the need for biotin manufacturers to include a warning label about the FDA warning and for physicians to warn their patients on the risks and benefits of biotin supplementation. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-((3aS,4S,6aR)-2-Oxohexahydro-1H-thieno[3,4-d]imidazol-4-yl)pentanoic acid(cas: 58-85-5Name: 5-((3aS,4S,6aR)-2-Oxohexahydro-1H-thieno[3,4-d]imidazol-4-yl)pentanoic acid)

5-((3aS,4S,6aR)-2-Oxohexahydro-1H-thieno[3,4-d]imidazol-4-yl)pentanoic acid(cas: 58-85-5) may be used to elute proteins from avidin/streptavidin resins. It has been used for culturing of oligodendrocytes.Name: 5-((3aS,4S,6aR)-2-Oxohexahydro-1H-thieno[3,4-d]imidazol-4-yl)pentanoic acid The biotin/avidin or biotin/streptavidin interaction is utilized in many labeling and purification schemes.

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

In 2019,Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering included an article by Li, Jinlong; Zhu, Hong; Peng, Changjun; Liu, Honglai. COA of Formula: C8H15BF4N2. The article was titled 《Densities and viscosities for ionic liquids [BMIM][BF4] and [BMIM][Cl] and their binary mixtures at various temperatures and atmospheric pressure》. The information in the text is summarized as follows:

The d. and viscosity of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate [BMIM][BF4] and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride [BMIM][Cl] and their binary mixtures within the temperatures from 303.15 K to 323.15 K and at ambient pressure were determined in this work. The temperature dependences of d. and viscosity were satisfactorily described with the linear model and the Vogel-Tammann-Fulcher type equation, resp. The molar volume and viscosity of binary IL mixtures were predicted through ideal mixing rules showing that almost ′null′ deviations for IL mixtures were observed and their mixing was remarkably close to linear ideal behavior in the molar volumes, while comparatively large errors in viscosity occurred. Addnl., the molar volume of the investigated pure ILs and their mixtures could well be predicted by a predictive model presented by Valderrama et al. (Fluid Phase Equilib., 275 (2009) 145). In the part of experimental materials, we found many familiar compounds, such as 3-Butyl-1-methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium tetrafluoroborate(cas: 174501-65-6COA of Formula: C8H15BF4N2)

3-Butyl-1-methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium tetrafluoroborate(cas: 174501-65-6) is a member of lonic liquids. A multidisciplinary study on lonic liquids is emerging, including chemistry, materials science, chemical engineering, and environmental science. More specifically, some important fundamental viewpoints are now different from the original concepts, as insights into the nature of lonic liquids become deeper. For example, the physicochemical properties of lonic liquids are now recognized as ranging broadly from the oft quoted “nonvolatile, non-flammable, and air and water stable” to those that are distinctly volatile, flammable, and unstable. COA of Formula: C8H15BF4N2

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

The author of 《Susceptibility of cardiac troponin assays to biotin interference》 were Frame, Ithiel J.; Joshi, Parag H.; Mwangi, Caroline; Gunsolus, Ian; de Lemos, James A.; Das, Sandeep R.; Sarode, Ravi; Balani, Jyoti; Apple, Fred S.; Muthukumar, Alagarraju. And the article was published in American Journal of Clinical Pathology in 2019. Computed Properties of C10H16N2O3S The author mentioned the following in the article:

Objectives: To investigate biotin interference on three cardiac troponin (cTn) assays and demonstrate a method to overcome biotin interference. Methods: cTn levels were measured in (1) plasma from healthy volunteers on 10-mg daily biotin supplementation mixed with a plasma with known elevated troponin, (2) plasmas with known elevated cTn after mixing in reagent biotin to simulate supplementation, and (3) biotin-spiked plasma specimens pretreated with streptavidin-agarose beads. Results: Daily biotin ingestion (10 mg) and studies simulating daily biotin use resulted in significant interference in the Gen5 cardiac troponin T (cTnT) assay; the contemporary Gen 4 cTnT and high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs-cTnI) assays were unaffected. The biotin interference threshold was 31, 315, and more than 2,000 ng/mL for Gen5 cTnT, cTnT, and hs-cTnI assays, resp. Streptavidin pretreatment blocked biotin interference in cTn assays. Conclusions: Biotin interference is possible at plasma concentrations achievable by ingestion of over-the-counter supplements that may lead to delayed or missed diagnosis of myocardial injury with the Gen5 cTnT assay.5-((3aS,4S,6aR)-2-Oxohexahydro-1H-thieno[3,4-d]imidazol-4-yl)pentanoic acid(cas: 58-85-5Computed Properties of C10H16N2O3S) was used in this study.

5-((3aS,4S,6aR)-2-Oxohexahydro-1H-thieno[3,4-d]imidazol-4-yl)pentanoic acid(cas: 58-85-5) may be used to elute proteins from avidin/streptavidin resins. It has been used for culturing of oligodendrocytes.Computed Properties of C10H16N2O3S And it has been used for blocking endogenous biotin during immunohistology procedures.

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem