Month: October 2022

Perchacz, Magdalena; Matejka, Libor; Konefal, Rafal; Seixas, Leandro; Livi, Sebastien; Baudoux, Jerome; Benes, Hynek; Donato, Ricardo K. published the artcile< Self-Catalyzed Coupling between Bronsted-Acidic Imidazolium Salts and Epoxy-Based Materials: A Theoretical/Experimental Study>, Related Products of 700370-07-6, the main research area is self catalysis Bronsted acidic imidazolium salt epoxide coupling.

Herein we present a comprehensive study on the role of Bronsted-acidic imidazolium ionic liquids (ILs) and imidazolium salts promoting the reaction between carboxyl and epoxide groups in a controlled manner at solvent-free and mild conditions. ILs were evaluated toward their ability to self-catalyze reactions between carboxyl groups and epoxy rings. Thus, an epoxy model reactant denoted Ph glycidyl ether (PGE) was reacted with different ILs, and the reaction kinetics was followed by time-dependent FTIR spectroscopy. The resulting products were characterized by 1H NMR and MALDI-TOF, which also allowed a comprehensive investigation of the reaction mechanism by following the reaction intermediates formation. The detected intermediates were then evaluated by d. functional theory (DFT) simulations to calculate their energy profiles, revealing the preferred mechanism pathways. These mono-, bi-, and tetra-functionalized ILs (with carboxyl groups) acted as all-in-one reaction systems for materials synthesis or modification, with the potential of producing a broad range of epoxy based materials via metal catalyst-free coupling reactions. A solvent-free self-catalyzed platform for reactions with epoxy materials at mild temperatures based on Bronsted-acidic imidazolium salts.

ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering published new progress about Carboxylic acids Role: PEP (Physical, Engineering or Chemical Process), PRP (Properties), RCT (Reactant), SPN (Synthetic Preparation), PROC (Process), RACT (Reactant or Reagent), PREP (Preparation). 700370-07-6 belongs to class imidazoles-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C6H9ClN2O2, Related Products of 700370-07-6.

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Bertini, Franco; Galli, Remo; Minisci, Francesco; Porta, Ombretta published the artcile< Free radical reactivity of the imidazole ring>, Reference of 36947-69-0, the main research area is imidazole alkylation; benzimidazole alkylation; free radial alkylation; imidazole carbamoylation.

Treating imidazole (I, R = H) by an aqueous Ag-catalyzed peroxydisulfate-decarboxylation of carboxylic acids gave 80-8% I (R = iso-Pr, tert-Bu). Similarly prepared were 50-93% II (R = Pr, iso-Pr, tert-Bu, cyclohexyl, PhOCH2) and 78% III (R = iso-Pr). II (R = H) with HCONH2 and aqueous tert-BuOOH-Fe2+ gave 60% II (R = CONH2).

Chimica e l’Industria (Milan, Italy) published new progress about Alkylation. 36947-69-0 belongs to class imidazoles-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C7H12N2, Reference of 36947-69-0.

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Pezo, Valerie; Jaziri, Faten; Bourguignon, Pierre-Yves; Louis, Dominique; Jacobs-Sera, Deborah; Rozenski, Jef; Pochet, Sylvie; Herdewijn, Piet; Hatfull, Graham F.; Kaminski, Pierre-Alexandre; Marliere, Philippe published the artcile< Noncanonical DNA polymerization by aminoadenine-based siphoviruses>, HPLC of Formula: 452-06-2, the main research area is noncanonical DNA polymerization aminoadenine siphovirus bacteriophage mol evolution.

Bacteriophage genomes harbor the broadest chem. diversity of nucleobases across all life forms. Certain DNA viruses that infect hosts as diverse as cyanobacteria, proteobacteria, and actinobacteria exhibit wholesale substitution of aminoadenine for adenine, thereby forming three hydrogen bonds with thymine and violating Watson-Crick pairing rules. Aminoadenine-encoded DNA polymerases, homologous to the Klenow fragment of bacterial DNA polymerase I that includes 3′-exonuclease but lacks 5′-exonuclease, were found to preferentially select for aminoadenine instead of adenine in deoxynucleoside triphosphate incorporation templated by thymine. Polymerase genes occur in synteny with genes for a biosynthesis enzyme that produces aminoadenine deoxynucleotides in a wide array of Siphoviridae bacteriophages. Congruent phylogenetic clustering of the polymerases and biosynthesis enzymes suggests that aminoadenine has propagated in DNA alongside adenine since archaic stages of evolution.

Science (Washington, DC, United States) published new progress about Bacteriophage. 452-06-2 belongs to class imidazoles-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C5H5N5, HPLC of Formula: 452-06-2.

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Ye, Chao; Zheng, Fen; Xu, Tao; Wu, Nan; Tong, Ying; Xiong, Xiao-Qing; Zhou, Ye-Bo; Wang, Jue-Jin; Chen, Qi; Li, Yue-Hua; Zhu, Guo-Qing; Han, Ying published the artcile< Norepinephrine acting on adventitial fibroblasts stimulates vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation via promoting small extracellular vesicle release>, Application In Synthesis of 6823-69-4, the main research area is vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation fibroblast extracellular vesicle norepinephrine; adventitial fibroblasts; angiotensin converting enzyme; extracellular vesicle; hypertension; norepinephrine; vascular smooth muscle cell.

Excessive sympathetic activity and norepinephrine (NE) release play crucial roles in the pathogeneses of hypertension. Sympathetic fibers innervate adventitia rather than media of arteries. However, the roles of NE in adventitial fibroblasts (AFs) are unknown. This study investigated the roles of NE in regulating AFs-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) release and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) proliferation in hypertension. AFs and VSMCs were prepared from aorta of Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). AFs were treated with NE (10μM) for 24 h (every 6 h, 4 times), and cultured in exosomes-depleted medium for 48 h. EVs were isolated from AFs medium with ultracentrifugation for identification and transfer to VSMCs. NE promoted AFs phenotypic transformation and proliferation, which were prevented by α-receptor antagonist phentolamine rather than β-receptor antagonist propranolol. NE-treated AFs conditioned medium stimulated VSMCs proliferation, which was inhibited by either exosome inhibitor GW4869 or phentolamine. NE increased small EVs number, diameter and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) contents. The NE-induced EVs release was abolished by GW4869. The EVs from NE-treated AFs stimulated VSMCs proliferation, which was prevented by angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist losartan. The EVs from the ACE knockdown-treated AFs showed lower ACE contents, and lost their roles in stimulating VSMCs proliferation. NE promotes AFs-derived small EVs release and ACE transfer, and then causes VSMCs proliferation in hypertension. Intervention of AFs-derived EVs release may be potential therapeutics for excessive sympathetic activation-related vascular remodeling in hypertension.

Theranostics published new progress about Angiotensin AT1 receptors Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 6823-69-4 belongs to class imidazoles-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C30H30Cl2N6O2, Application In Synthesis of 6823-69-4.

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Qu, Bo; Haddad, Nizar; Han, Zhengxu S.; Rodriguez, Sonia; Lorenz, Jon C.; Grinberg, Nelu; Lee, Heewon; Busacca, Carl A.; Krishnamurthy, Dhileepkumar; Senanayake, Chris H. published the artcile< Palladium-catalyzed aminocarbonylation of heteroaryl halides using di-tert-butylphosphinoferrocene>, Related Products of 1003-21-0, the main research area is heteroaryl halide amine aminocarbonylation phosphinoferrocene palladium catalyst; hetarom amide preparation.

Pd-catalyzed aminocarbonylation of heteroaryl halides, using the monodentate ligand (di-tert-butylphosphino)ferrocene tetrafluoroborate is reported. Good to high yields were obtained with chiral amines on a variety of substrates including 2-bromo heteroaryls.

Tetrahedron Letters published new progress about Aromatic amides Role: SPN (Synthetic Preparation), PREP (Preparation). 1003-21-0 belongs to class imidazoles-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C4H5BrN2, Related Products of 1003-21-0.

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Takahashi, Eriko; Inanami, Osamu; Asanuma, Taketoshi; Kuwabara, Mikinori published the artcile< Effects of ceramide inhibition on radiation-induced apoptosis in human leukemia MOLT-4 cells>, Reference of 6823-69-4, the main research area is ceramide radiation apoptosis leukemia MOLT4 cell.

In the present study, using inhibitors of ceramide synthase (fumonisin B1), ketosphinganine synthetase (L-cycloserine), acid sphingomyelinase (D609 and desipramine) and neutral sphingomyelinase (GW4869), the role of ceramide in x-ray-induced apoptosis was investigated in MOLT-4 cells. The diacylglycerol kinase (DGK) assay showed that the intracellular concentration of ceramide increased time-dependently after X irradiation of cells, and this radiation-induced accumulation of ceramide did not occur prior to the appearance of apoptotic cells. Treatment with D609 significantly inhibited radiation-induced apoptosis, but did not inhibit the increase of intracellular ceramide. Treatment with desipramine or GW4869 prevented neither radiation-induced apoptosis nor the induced increase of ceramide. On the other hand, fumonisin B1 and L-cycloserine had no effect on the radiation-induced induction of apoptosis, in spite of significant inhibition of the radiation-induced ceramide. From these results, it was suggested that the increase of the intracellular concentration of ceramide was not essential for radiation-induced apoptosis in MOLT-4 cells.

Journal of Radiation Research published new progress about Ceramides Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 6823-69-4 belongs to class imidazoles-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C30H30Cl2N6O2, Reference of 6823-69-4.

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Tang, Jin; Tang, Feng; Zhao, Linlin published the artcile< Facile preparation of model DNA interstrand crosslink repair intermediates using ribonucleotide-containing DNA>, Electric Literature of 452-06-2, the main research area is DNA interstrand crosslink repair ribonucleotide; DNA damage; DNA interstrand cross-links; DNA repair; RNase H; Translesion synthesis (TLS).

DNA interstrand crosslinks (ICLs) are lesions with a covalent bond formed between DNA strands. ICLs are extremely toxic to cells because they prevent the separation of the two strands, which are necessary for the genetic interpretation of DNA. ICLs are repaired via Fanconi anemia and replication-independent pathways. The formation of so-called unhooked repair intermediates via a dual strand incision flanking the ICL site on one strand is an essential step in nearly all ICL repair pathways. Recently, ICLs derived from endogenous sources, such as those from ubiquitous DNA lesions, abasic (AP) sites, have emerged as an important class of ICLs. Despite the earlier efforts in preparing AP-ICLs in high yield using nucleotide analogs, little information is available for preparing AP-ICL unhooked intermediates with varying lengths of overhangs. In this study, we devise a simple approach to prepare model ICL unhooked intermediates derived from AP sites. We exploited the alk. lability of ribonucleotides (rNMPs) and the high crosslinking efficiency between an AP lesion and a nucleotide analog, 2-aminopurine, via reductive amination. We designed chimeric DNA/RNA substrates with rNMPs flanking the crosslinking residue (2-aminopurine) to facilitate subsequent strand cleavage under our optimized conditions. Mass spectrometric anal. and primer extension assays confirmed the structures of ICL substrates. The method is straightforward, requires no synthetic chem. expertise, and should be broadly accessible to all researchers in the DNA repair community. For step-by-step descriptions of the method, please refer to the companion manuscript in MethodsX.

DNA Repair published new progress about Amination. 452-06-2 belongs to class imidazoles-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C5H5N5, Electric Literature of 452-06-2.

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Huang, Bao Shan; Lauzon, Mary Jane; Parham, James C. published the artcile< Synthesis and properties of alkylated imidazoles>, Recommanded Product: 5-Bromo-1-methyl-1H-imidazole, the main research area is alkylation nitroimidazolesulfonamide; benzylation nitroimidazolesulfonamide; NMR pK nitroimidazolesulfonamide; UV nitroimidazolesulfonamide; imidazolesulfonamide nitro spectra; sulfonamide imidazole nitro spectra.

Alkylation of 4(5)-nitroimidazole-5(4)-sulfonamide with PhCH2Br occurred on both ring N. The structures of the products were determined by comparing the chem. shifts of the sulfonamide H with those of the Me derivatives UV and NMR data are reported for Br-, O2N-, HS-, NH2SO3-, and H2N-substituted imidazoles and some of their methylated derivatives

Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry published new progress about Ionization. 1003-21-0 belongs to class imidazoles-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C4H5BrN2, Recommanded Product: 5-Bromo-1-methyl-1H-imidazole.

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Li, Shichao; Gao, Yuanfeng; Liu, Ye; Li, Jing; Yang, Xiyan; Hu, Roumu; Liu, Jia; Zhang, Yuan; Zuo, Kun; Li, Kuibao; Yin, Xiandong; Chen, Mulei; Zhong, Jiuchang; Yang, Xinchun published the artcile< Myofibroblast-Derived Exosomes Contribute to Development of a Susceptible Substrate for Atrial Fibrillation>, Name: p-Benzenediacrylanilide, 4′,4′′-di-2-imidazolin-2-yl-, dihydrochloride, the main research area is atrial fibrillation myofibroblast cardiomyocyte exosome; Atrial fibrillation; Exosome; L-type calcium channel; Paracrine communication.

Atrial fibrosis plays a critical role in atrial fibrillation (AF). A key event in the pathogenesis of fibrosis is the activation of fibroblasts (FBs) into myofibroblasts (MFBs). Paracrine factors released from MFBs lead to ion channel expression changes in cardiomyocytes (CMs). Downregulation of L-type calcium channel Cav1.2 expression is a hallmark of AF-associated ionic remodeling. However, whether exosome-mediated crosstalk between MFBs and CMs regulates Cav1.2 expression remains unknown. Atrial FBs and CMs were isolated and cultured from neonatal rats by enzymic digestion. Untreated FBs expressed limited amounts of alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), while angiotensin II induced a significant upregulation of α-SMA-expressing MFBs. Co-cultures of MFBs and CMs resulted in downregulation of Cav1.2 expression in CMs, which was largely abolished by pretreatment of MFBs with exosomal inhibitor GW4869. Addnl., the adrenergic receptor agonist-elicited Ca2 influx signals in CMs were remarkably attenuated by pretreatment with MFB-derived Exos, corresponding to the paralleled change in Cav1.2 expression. Finally, miR-21-3p, a potential Cav1.2-inhibitory miRNA, was enriched in MFB-derived Exos and upregulated in CMs in response to MFB-derived Exos. We uncover an Exo-mediated crosstalk between MFBs and CMs, contributing to increased vulnerability to AF by reducing the expression of Cav1.2 in CMs.

Cardiology published new progress about Atrial fibrillation. 6823-69-4 belongs to class imidazoles-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C30H30Cl2N6O2, Name: p-Benzenediacrylanilide, 4′,4′′-di-2-imidazolin-2-yl-, dihydrochloride.

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Collins, Mark A.; Hudak, Valerie; Bender, Reinhold; Fensome, Andrew; Zhang, Puwen; Miller, Lori; Winneker, Richard C.; Zhang, Zhiming; Zhu, Yuan; Cohen, Jeffrey; Unwalla, Rayomond J.; Wrobel, Jay published the artcile< Novel pyrrole-containing progesterone receptor modulators>, Synthetic Route of 1003-21-0, the main research area is indolone pyrrolyl preparation progesterone receptor agonist antagonist; benzoxazinone pyrrolyl preparation progesterone receptor agonist antagonist.

A series of 1,4-dihydro-2H-[d][3,1]-benzoxazin-2-one and 1,3-dihydro-[3H]-indol-2-one containing 6- or 5-, resp., appended substituted pyrrole moieties were synthesized and evaluated for their ability to modulate the activity of the progesterone receptor (PR). Key structural changes to the pyrrole moieties of these mols. were shown to have a predictive influence as to whether the compounds behaved as PR agonists or antagonists. Compounds with the 5′-cyano-2′-pyrrole moiety were shown to be potent PR agonists (EC50’s of 1.1, 1.8, and 2.8 nM, resp.). Compounds with the 5′-nitro-2′-pyrrole moiety were shown to be PR antagonists (IC50’s of 180 and 36 nM, resp.).

Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters published new progress about Progesterone receptors Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 1003-21-0 belongs to class imidazoles-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C4H5BrN2, Synthetic Route of 1003-21-0.

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem