Rituximab induces rapid blood repopulation by CLL cells mediated through their release from immune niches and complement exhaustion was written by Borsky, Marek;Hrabcakova, Viera;Novotna, Jitka;Brychtova, Yvona;Doubek, Michael;Panovska, Anna;Muller, Petr;Mayer, Jiri;Trbusek, Martin;Mraz, Marek. And the article was included in Leukemia Research in 2021.Computed Properties of C16H21Cl2N3O2 The following contents are mentioned in the article:
The in vivo rituximab effects in B cell malignancies are only partially understood. Here we analyzed in a large chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cohort (n = 80) the inter-patient variability in CLL cell count reduction within the first 24 h of rituximab administration in vivo, and a phenomenon of blood repopulation by malignant cells after anti-CD20 antibody therapy. Larger CLL cell elimination after rituximab infusion was associated with lower pre-therapy CLL cell counts, higher CD20 levels, and the non-exhausted capacity of complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC). The absolute amount of cell-surface CD20 mols. (CD20 d. x CLL lymphocytosis) was a predictor for complement exhaustion during therapy. We also describe that a highly variable decrease in CLL cell counts at 5 h (88%-2%) following rituximab infusion is accompanied in most patients by peripheral blood repopulation with CLL cells at 24 h, and in ∼20% of patients, this resulted in CLL counts higher than before therapy. We provide evidence that CLL cells recrudescence is linked with i CDC exhaustion, which leads to the formation of an insufficient amount of membrane attack complexes, likely resulting in temporary retention of surviving rituximab-opsonized cells by the mononuclear-phagocyte system (followed by their release back to blood), and ii CLL cells regression from immune niches (CXCR4dimCD5bright intraclonal subpopulation). Patients with major peripheral blood CLL cell repopulation exhibited a longer time-to-progression after chemoimmunotherapy compared to patients with lower or no repopulation, suggesting chemotherapy vulnerability of CLL cells that repopulate the blood. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-(5-(Bis(2-chloroethyl)amino)-1-methyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)butanoic acid (cas: 16506-27-7Computed Properties of C16H21Cl2N3O2).
4-(5-(Bis(2-chloroethyl)amino)-1-methyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)butanoic acid (cas: 16506-27-7) belongs to imidazole derivatives. Among the different heterocyclic compounds, imidazole is better known due to its broad range of chemical and biological properties. Imidazole has become an important synthon in the development of new drugs. Imidazole is incorporated into many important biological compounds. The most pervasive is the amino acid histidine, which has an imidazole side-chain. Histidine is present in many proteins and enzymes, e.g. by binding metal cofactors, as seen in hemoglobin.Computed Properties of C16H21Cl2N3O2
Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem