Hypergammaglobulinemia as a presenting feature of Mantle cell lymphoma was written by Liu, Li;Adlowitz, Diana G.;Rock, Philip;Casulo, Carla;Burack, W. Richard. And the article was included in Leukemia & Lymphoma in 2022.Synthetic Route of C16H21Cl2N3O2 The following contents are mentioned in the article:
This study evaluated gammaglobulin levels in different lymphoma types at diagnosis and described a subset of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) patients who presented with substantial polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia and increased follicular-related and intratumoral Tfh cells. A total of 110 MCL patients were diagnosed in 2014-2019 at the Wilmot Cancer Institute of the University of Rochester Medical Center. By querying their serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP) results around the time of lymphoma diagnosis (approved by the University of Rochester Institutional Review Board), we found that SPEP was performed on 5.4% (6/110) of MCL patients and identified polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia in 5/6 patients. Available results were found in 99 MCL patients and 90 FL patients at diagnosis and showed that more MCL than FL patients have high protein gaps (MCL range 1.5-7.3 g/ dL vs. FL range 1.7-3.7 g/dL) ( p = 0.03; Mann-Whitney test). These suggest that polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia is a recurrent feature of MCL but not of FL. Three MCL patients (cases 1-3) with substantial polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia and complete clin. data available were identified for further investigation. Case 1 displayed a similar increased PD-1 expression in nodular clusters with scattered intra-tumoral staining suggests that MCL patients with and without polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia have distinct tumor microenvironments. Among the non-neoplastic IGH reads, a median of 6 IGH variable region (IGHV) genes and 22 distinct clonotypes were observed (Figure 2(B,C)), while cases 2 and 3 were outliers, exhibiting use of 38 and 33 IGHV genes, with 1820 and 397 distinct clonotypes, resp. These data indicate the presence of substantial populations of polyclonal B and plasma cell background in a subset of MCL specimens. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-(5-(Bis(2-chloroethyl)amino)-1-methyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)butanoic acid (cas: 16506-27-7Synthetic Route of C16H21Cl2N3O2).
4-(5-(Bis(2-chloroethyl)amino)-1-methyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)butanoic acid (cas: 16506-27-7) belongs to imidazole derivatives. The solubility of imidazoles in ethers is lower than that in alcohols and decreases with increasing chain length of the ethers . In contrast, the solubility of benzimidazoles in alcohols (C3–C6) is higher than in water and generally decreases with a Imidazole is incorporated into many important biological compounds. The most pervasive is the amino acid histidine, which has an imidazole side-chain. Histidine is present in many proteins and enzymes, e.g. by binding metal cofactors, as seen in hemoglobin.Synthetic Route of C16H21Cl2N3O2
Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem