Month: November 2022

Singer, B.; Spengler, S. J. published an article in 1986, the title of the article was Replication and transcription of polynucleotides containing ethenocytosine, ethenoadenine and their hydrated intermediates.Product Details of 55662-66-3 And the article contains the following content:

A review with 27 references on replication and transcription using ribo- or deoxyribonucleotides containing 1,N6-ethenoadenine  [13875-63-3] or 3,N4-ethinocytosine  [55662-66-3] and the resulting misincorporations. The experimental process involved the reaction of Imidazo[1,2-c]pyrimidin-5(6H)-one(cas: 55662-66-3).Product Details of 55662-66-3

The Article related to review polynucleotide transcription replication, Toxicology: Reviews and other aspects.Product Details of 55662-66-3

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

On December 31, 2003, Chen, Hauh-Jyun Candy; Hong, Chia-Liang; Wu, Chan-Fu; Chiu, Wei-Loong published an article.Reference of Imidazo[1,2-c]pyrimidin-5(6H)-one The title of the article was Effect of cigarette smoking on urinary 3,N4-ethenocytosine levels measured by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. And the article contained the following:

Etheno DNA adducts are DNA damages derived from exogenous carcinogens as well as endogenous lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress. Elevated levels of etheno DNA adducts were found in cancer-prone tissues and blood samples, suggesting that these promutagenic lesions correlate with risk of cancers. The authors previously reported the detection of 3,N4-ethenocytosine (εCyt) in the urine samples of 2 smokers using the isotope dilution gas chromatog./neg. ion chem. ionization/mass spectrometry (GC/NICI/MS) assay (Chen et al., 2001, Chem. Res. Toxicol. 14, 1612-1619). Since smokers are found to have elevated levels of lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress, the authors examined the association between urinary εCyt levels with cigarette smoking. Among the 23 samples analyzed, the average concentration of urinary εCyt in smokers was significantly higher than that of nonsmokers, 2.65 ± 4.0 vs. 0.61 ± 0.90 ng/kg/g creatinine (p = 0.03). Albeit the number of subjects is limited, the results indicate that the measurement of εCyt in human urine may provide a useful noninvasive biomarker for oxidative DNA damage and cancer chemoprevention studies. The experimental process involved the reaction of Imidazo[1,2-c]pyrimidin-5(6H)-one(cas: 55662-66-3).Reference of Imidazo[1,2-c]pyrimidin-5(6H)-one

The Article related to ethenocytosine urine cigarette smoking biomarker oxidative stress, Toxicology: Tobacco and other aspects.Reference of Imidazo[1,2-c]pyrimidin-5(6H)-one

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

On July 1, 2006, Kurosu, Michio; Mowers, Williams A. published an article.Recommanded Product: 901770-40-9 The title of the article was Small-molecule microarrays: Development of novel linkers and an efficient detection method for bound proteins. And the article contained the following:

Novel isocyanate and diazoketone linkers possessing polyoxypropylenediamine as a spacer for small-mol. microarray are developed. White light interferometry is introduced to detect bound proteins on the glass slides without using chem. modified proteins. The experimental process involved the reaction of N-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-5-((3aS,4S,6aR)-2-oxohexahydro-1H-thieno[3,4-d]imidazol-4-yl)pentanamide(cas: 901770-40-9).Recommanded Product: 901770-40-9

The Article related to microarray isocyanate diazoketone linker bound protein, Pharmacology: Methods and other aspects.Recommanded Product: 901770-40-9

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

On June 15, 2020, Gu, Jing; Xu, Jun; You, Qidong; Guo, Xiaoke published an article.Product Details of 443-72-1 The title of the article was Recent developments of small molecules targeting RNA m6A modulators. And the article contained the following:

A review. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most abundant internal post-transcriptional modification in eukaryotic mRNA. The development of emerging technologies such as m6A-seq, has helped reveal the fundamental role of m6A-RNA in regulation of the mammalian transcriptome. With the identification and advances in the understanding of m6A modulators, the relationship between m6A and human diseases is gradually being revealed. This review summarizes recent progress in the understanding of the role of m6A modulators in human disease and their structural characteristics. We highlight the potential of small-mol. regulators targeting m6A associated proteins as tool mols. and disease treatment options from the medicinal chem. perspective. The experimental process involved the reaction of N-Methyl-7H-purin-6-amine(cas: 443-72-1).Product Details of 443-72-1

The Article related to review n6 methyladenosine small mol regulators epigenetics, epigenetics, n(6)-methyladenosine, small-molecule regulators, Pharmacology: Reviews and other aspects.Product Details of 443-72-1

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

On January 24, 1981, Barbin, Alain; Bartsch, Helmut; Leconte, Philippe; Radman, Miroslav published an article.Application of 55662-66-3 The title of the article was Studies on the miscoding properties of 1,N6-ethenoadenine and 3,N4-ethenocytosine, DNA reaction products of vinyl chloride metabolites, during in vitro DNA synthesis. And the article contained the following:

1-N6-Ethenoadenine (EA)(I) [13875-63-3] and 3,N4-ethenocytosine (EC) [55662-66-3] are formed when electrophilic vinyl chloride (VC) metabolites, chloroethylene oxide (CEO) [7763-77-1] or chloroacetaldehyde (CAA) [107-20-0] react with adenine [73-24-5] and cytosine [71-30-7] residues in DNA. They were assayed for their miscoding properties in an in vitro system using Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I and synthetic templates prepared by reaction of poly(dA) and poly(dC) with increasing concentrations of CEO or CAA. Following the introduction of etheno groups, an increasing inhibition of DNA synthesis was observed DGMP was misincorporated on CAA- or CEO-teated poly(dA) templates and dTMP was misincorporated on CAA- or CEO-treated poly(dC) templates, suggesting that EA and EC may miscode. The error rates augmented with the extent of reaction of CEO or CAA with the templates. The potentially miscoding properties of EA and EC may explain why metabolically-activated VC and its reactive metabolites specifically induce base-pair substitution mutations in Salmonella typhimurium. Promutagenic lesions may represent one of the initial steps in VC- or CEO-induced carcinogenesis. The experimental process involved the reaction of Imidazo[1,2-c]pyrimidin-5(6H)-one(cas: 55662-66-3).Application of 55662-66-3

The Article related to vinyl chloride dna reaction product, ethenoadenine vinyl chloride dna, ethenocytosine vinyl chloride dna, carcinogen vinyl chloride dna, Toxicology: Carcinogens and other aspects.Application of 55662-66-3

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Shankar, G.; Borkar, Roshan M.; Udutha, Suresh; Kanakaraju, M.; Charan, G. Sai; Misra, S.; Srinivas, R. published an article in 2019, the title of the article was Identification and structural characterization of the stress degradation products of omeprazole using Q-TOF-LC-ESI-MS/MS and NMR experiments: evaluation of the toxicity of the degradation products.Quality Control of 5-Methoxy-2-[[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-2-pyridyl)methyl]thio]benzimidazole And the article contains the following content:

Omeprazole (OMP), a prototype proton pump inhibitor used for the treatment of peptic ulcers and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), was subjected to forced degradation studies as per ICH guidelines Q1A (R2). The drug undergoes degradation under acid, base, neutral hydrolysis and oxidative degradation conditions and forms a total of sixteen degradation products, which were characterized by LC-MS/MS experiments and accurate mass measurements. Oxidative degradation products (OMP-15 and OMP-16) were synthesized and confirmed by various NMR experiments The cytotoxic effects of OMP-15 and OMP-16 were tested on normal human cells HEK 293 and NIH3T3 by MTT assay. Based on the cytotoxicity results, compared to the standard OMP, both OMP-15 and OMP-16 were found to have relatively weaker toxic effects towards normal cells. Further, the in silico toxicity of OMP and its degradation products (OMP-1 to OMP-16) was assessed by the ProTox-II prediction tool. OMP and OMP-8 are predicted to have carcinogenicity, OMP-7 to have hepatotoxicity and OMP-2, OMP-3, OMP-9, OMP-11, OMP-14 and OMP-16 to have immune system toxicity with a high confidence score. The drug, OMP-1, OMP-6, OMP-7, OMP-8, OMP-13 and OMP-15 are predicted to combine with the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) with a high probability score. Addnl., two different targets, amine oxidase A and prostaglandin G/H synthase 1, are predicted as toxicity targets for OMP, OMP-1, OMP-6, OMP-8, OMP-13, OMP-15 and OMP-16 with probable binding. The experimental process involved the reaction of 5-Methoxy-2-[[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-2-pyridyl)methyl]thio]benzimidazole(cas: 73590-85-9).Quality Control of 5-Methoxy-2-[[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-2-pyridyl)methyl]thio]benzimidazole

The Article related to omeprazole stress degradation product nmr lc ms, Pharmaceuticals: General and other aspects.Quality Control of 5-Methoxy-2-[[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-2-pyridyl)methyl]thio]benzimidazole

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Chao, Yinong; Li, Hua-Bing; Zhou, Jing published an article in 2021, the title of the article was Multiple functions of RNA methylation in T cells: a review.Reference of N-Methyl-7H-purin-6-amine And the article contains the following content:

A review. RNA modification represents one of the most ubiquitous mechanisms of epigenetic regulation and plays an essential role in modulating cell proliferation, differentiation, fate determine, and other biol. activities. At present, over 170 types of RNA modification have been discovered in mRNA (mRNA) and noncoding RNA (ncRNA). RNA methylation, as an abundant and widely studied epigenetic modification, is crucial for regulating various physiol. or pathol. states, espectaly immune responses. Considering the biol. significance of T cells as a defense against viral infection and tumor challenge, we will summarize recent findings of how RNA methylation regulates T cell homeostasis and function, discuss the open questions in this rapidly expanding field of RNA modification, and provide the theory basis and potential therapeutic strategies involving targeting of RNA methylation to orchestrate beneficial T cell immune responses. The experimental process involved the reaction of N-Methyl-7H-purin-6-amine(cas: 443-72-1).Reference of N-Methyl-7H-purin-6-amine

The Article related to review rna methylation immune response, rna methylation, t cell, epigenetics, immune function, m6a, Immunochemistry: Reviews and other aspects.Reference of N-Methyl-7H-purin-6-amine

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

On September 10, 2016, Aasberg, Dennis; Nilsson, Mikael; Olsson, Susanne; Samuelsson, Joergen; Svensson, Olof; Klick, Silke; Ennis, Julie; Butterworth, Paul; Watt, Denise; Iliadou, Stavroula; Karlsson, Angelica; Walker, Joanne T.; Arnot, Kate; Ealer, Norb; Hernqvist, Kerstin; Svensson, Karin; Grinell, Ali; Quist, Per-Ola; Karlsson, Anders; Fornstedt, Torgny published an article.COA of Formula: C17H19N3O2S The title of the article was A quality control method enhancement concept-Continual improvement of regulatory approved QC methods. And the article contained the following:

Quality Control methods (QC-methods) play an important role in the overall control strategy for drug manufacturing However, efficient life-cycle management and continual improvement are hindered due to a variety of post-approval variation legislations across territories and a lack of harmonization of the requirements. As a result, many QC-methods fall behind the tech. development. Developing the QC-method in accordance with the Quality by Design guidelines gives the possibility to do continual improvements inside the original Method Operable Design Region (MODR). However, often it is necessary to do changes outside the MODR, e.g. to incorporate new technol. that was not available at the time the original method was development. Here, we present a method enhancement concept which allows minor adjustments, within the same measuring principle, outside the original MODR without interaction with regulatory agencies. The feasibility of the concept is illustrated by a case study of a QC-method based on HPLC, assumed to be developed before the introduction of UHPLC, where the switch from HPLC to UHPLC is necessary as a continual improvement strategy. The concept relies on the assumption that the System Suitability Test (SST) and failure modes are relevant for other conditions outside the MODR as well when the same measuring principle is used. It follows that it should be possible to move outside the MODR as long as the SST has passed. All minor modifications of the original, approved QC-method must be re-validated according to a template given in the original submission and a statistical equivalence should be shown between the original and modified QC-methods. To summarize, revalidation is handled within the pharmaceutical quality control system according to internal change control procedures, but without interaction with regulating agencies. The experimental process involved the reaction of 5-Methoxy-2-[[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-2-pyridyl)methyl]thio]benzimidazole(cas: 73590-85-9).COA of Formula: C17H19N3O2S

The Article related to drug manufacture quality control method improvement, continual improvement, hplc, method enhancement concept, method transfer, quality by design, Pharmaceuticals: General and other aspects.COA of Formula: C17H19N3O2S

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Tang, Lipeng; Wei, Xingyan; Li, Tong; Chen, Yi; Dai, Zhenhua; Lu, Chuanjian; Zheng, Guangjuan published an article in 2021, the title of the article was Emerging perspectives of RNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification on immunity and autoimmune diseases.SDS of cas: 443-72-1 And the article contains the following content:

A review. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification, the addition of a methylation decoration at the position of N6 of adenosine, is one of the most prevalent modifications among the over 100 known chem. modifications of RNA. Numerous studies have recently characterized that RNA m6A modification functions as a critical post-transcriptional regulator of gene expression through modulating various aspects of RNA metabolism In this review, we will illustrate the current perspectives on the biol. process of m6A methylation. Then we will further summarize the vital modulatory effects of m6A modification on immunity, viral infection, and autoinflammatory disorders. Recent studies suggest that m6A decoration plays an important role in immunity, viral infection, and autoimmune diseases, thereby providing promising biomarkers and therapeutic targets for viral infection and autoimmune disorders. The experimental process involved the reaction of N-Methyl-7H-purin-6-amine(cas: 443-72-1).SDS of cas: 443-72-1

The Article related to review rna methyladenosine immunity autoimmune disease, n6-methyladenosine (m6a), adaptive immunity, autoimmune disease, innate immunity, viral infection, Immunochemistry: Reviews and other aspects.SDS of cas: 443-72-1

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

On August 31, 2022, Cai, Jianhua; Xiao, Guobao; Su, Ran published an article.Product Details of 443-72-1 The title of the article was GC6mA-Pred: A deep learning approach to identify DNA N6-methyladenine sites in the rice genome. And the article contained the following:

DNA N6-methyladenine (6mA) is a pivotal DNA modification for various biol. processes. More accurate prediction of 6mA methylation sites plays an irreplaceable part in grasping the internal rationale of related biol. activities. However, the existing prediction methods only extract information from a single dimension, which has some limitations. Therefore, it is very necessary to obtain the information of 6mA sites from different dimensions, so as to establish a reliable prediction method. In this study, a neural network based bioinformatics model named GC6mA-Pred is proposed to predict N6-methyladenine modifications in DNA sequences. GC6mA-Pred extracts significant information from both sequence level and graph level. In the sequence level, GC6mA-Pred uses a three-layer convolution neural network (CNN) model to represent the sequence. In the graph level, GC6mA-Pred employs graph neural network (GNN) method to integrate various information contained in the chem. mol. formula corresponding to DNA sequence. In our newly built dataset, GC6mA-Pred shows better performance than other existing models. The results of comparative experiments have illustrated that GC6mA-Pred is capable of producing a marked effect in accurately identifying DNA 6mA modifications. The experimental process involved the reaction of N-Methyl-7H-purin-6-amine(cas: 443-72-1).Product Details of 443-72-1

The Article related to rice genome deep learning dna n6methyladenine, convolution neural network, dna n6-methyladenine, deep learning, graph neural network, Plant Biochemistry: Other and other aspects.Product Details of 443-72-1

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem