Month: November 2022

On March 15, 2021, Diao, Li-Ting; Xie, Shu-Juan; Yu, Pei-Jie; Sun, Yu-Jia; Yang, Fan; Tan, Ye-Ya; Tao, Shuang; Hou, Ya-Rui; Zheng, Ling-Ling; Xiao, Zhen-Dong; Zhang, Qi published an article.Formula: C6H7N5 The title of the article was N6-methyladenine demethylase ALKBH1 inhibits the differentiation of skeletal muscle. And the article contained the following:

DNA N6-methyladenine (N6-mA) was recently recognized as a new epigenetic modification in mammalian genome, and ALKBH1 was discovered as its demethylase. Knock-out mice studies revealed that ALKBH1 was indispensable for normal embryonic development. However, the function of ALKBH1 in myogenesis is largely unknown. In this study, we found that N6-mA showed a steady increase, going along with a strong decrease of ALKBH1 during skeletal muscle development. Our results also showed that ALKBH1 enhanced proliferation and inhibited differentiation of C2C12 cells. Genome-wide transcriptome anal. and reporter assays further revealed that ALKBH1 accomplished the differentiation inhibiting function by regulating a core set of genes and multiple signaling pathways, including increasing chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 14 (CXCL14) and activating ERK signaling. Taken together, our results demonstrated that ALKBH1 is critical for the myogenic differentiation of C2C12 cells, and suggested that N6-mA might be a new epigenetic mechanism for the regulation of myogenesis. The experimental process involved the reaction of N-Methyl-7H-purin-6-amine(cas: 443-72-1).Formula: C6H7N5

The Article related to n6methyladenine dna methylation alkbh1 skeletal muscle differentiation, alkbh1, n(6)-methyladenine, rna-seq, skeletal muscle differentiation, Mammalian Biochemistry: General Physiological Chemistry and other aspects.Formula: C6H7N5

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

On December 31, 1979, Larina, L. I.; Vakul’skaya, T. I.; Nefedova, O. B.; Shibanova, E. F.; Lopyrev, V. A.; Voronkov, M. G. published an article.Reference of 2-Nitro-1H-benzo[d]imidazole The title of the article was Study of electron effects of substituents in 2-substituted benzimidazole derivatives by a proton NMR method. And the article contained the following:

NMR chem. shifts (δ) were determined for the protons on C-4 and C-7 and on C-5 and C-6 of 2-substituted benzimidazoles and their anions and protonated forms. In the neutral mols. substituent effects were transmitted to positions 4 and 7 exclusively by conjugation but were transmitted to positions 5 and 6 by both field and resonance mechanisms in a 1:3 ratio. In the anions transmission to positions 5 and 6 involved only conjugation, whereas transmission to positions 4 and 7 involved inductive and resonance effects in a 1:8 ratio. The effects in the protonated forms could not be separated The experimental process involved the reaction of 2-Nitro-1H-benzo[d]imidazole(cas: 5709-67-1).Reference of 2-Nitro-1H-benzo[d]imidazole

The Article related to nmr benzimidazole lfer, Physical Organic Chemistry: Spectral and Related Studies and other aspects.Reference of 2-Nitro-1H-benzo[d]imidazole

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Kost, A. A.; Ermolin, S. V. published an article in 1978, the title of the article was Fluorescent derivatives of cytosine.Recommanded Product: Imidazo[1,2-c]pyrimidin-5(6H)-one And the article contains the following content:

The fluorescence of ethenocytosines, e.g., I (R = Me, H, Ph; R1 = H, Me), was investigated by PPP MO calculations The π-electronic charges of the atoms do not change appreciably on excitation of the mols. The electronic excitation of these compounds is more diffuse than that of cytosine. The experimental process involved the reaction of Imidazo[1,2-c]pyrimidin-5(6H)-one(cas: 55662-66-3).Recommanded Product: Imidazo[1,2-c]pyrimidin-5(6H)-one

The Article related to fluorescent ethenocytosine mo, Physical Organic Chemistry: Spectral and Related Studies and other aspects.Recommanded Product: Imidazo[1,2-c]pyrimidin-5(6H)-one

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Douvlataniotis, Karolos; Bensberg, Maike; Lentini, Antonio; Gylemo, Bjoern; Nestor, Colm E. published an article in 2020, the title of the article was No evidence for DNA N6 -methyladenine in mammals.HPLC of Formula: 443-72-1 And the article contains the following content:

N6 -methyladenine (6mdA) is a widespread DNA modification in bacteria. More recently, 6mdA has also been characterized in mammalian DNA. However, measurements of 6mdA abundance and profiles are often very dissimilar between studies, even when performed on DNA from identical mammalian cell types. Using comprehensive bioinformatics analyses of published data and novel exptl. approaches, we reveal that efforts to assay 6mdA in mammals have been severely compromised by bacterial contamination, RNA contamination, technol. limitations, and antibody nonspecificity. These complications render 6mdA an exceptionally problematic DNA modification to study and have resulted in erroneous detection of 6mdA in several mammalian systems. Together, our results strongly imply that the evidence published to date is not sufficient to support the presence of 6mdA in mammals. The experimental process involved the reaction of N-Methyl-7H-purin-6-amine(cas: 443-72-1).HPLC of Formula: 443-72-1

The Article related to dna n methyladenine mammalian cell, Mammalian Biochemistry: Classical Genetics and Phylogeny and other aspects.HPLC of Formula: 443-72-1

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

War, Javeed Ahmad; Srivastava, Santosh Kumar published an article in 2020, the title of the article was Rationale design and synthesis of some novel imidazole linked thiazolidinone hybrid molecules as DNA minor groove binders.Application In Synthesis of N-(3-Aminopropyl)-imidazole And the article contains the following content:

A new series of imidazole linked thiazolidinone hybrid mols. was designed and subsequently synthesized through a feasible, three step reaction protocol. The structures of these mols. were established using FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and HRMS techniques. In vitro susceptibility tests against some Gram pos. (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis) and Gram neg. bacteria (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) exhibited broad spectrum potency of the mols. The most potent mol. (S2A7) amongst the screened mols., showed min. inhibitory concentration (MIC) value not less than 2.0μg/mL which was at par with the reference drug Streptomycin. Structure activity relationships revealed nitro and chloro groups being crucial for bioactivity when present at meta position of arylidene ring in 3-(3-(imidazol-1-yl)propyl)-5-(benzylidene)-2- (phenylimino)thiazolidin-4-one. DNA (DNA)and bovine serum albumin (BSA) binding studies for S2A7 under simulated physiol. pH were probed using UV Visible, fluorescence quenching, gel electrophoresis and mol. docking techniques. These studies established that S2A7 has strong binding affinity towards DNA and binds at the minor groove of DNA with binding constant (Kb) of 0.1287×102 L/mol. Mol. docking simulations of S2A7 with DNA and BSA predicted binding affinity of -9.2 and -7.2 kcal/mol, resp. Van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonding interactions were predicted as the main forces of interaction. With DNA, S2A7 exhibited specific binding affinity towards adenine-thiamine base pairs. The compound S2A7 forms a stable complex with BSA by binding at subdomain IIIA implying high bio-distribution of the compound The experimental process involved the reaction of N-(3-Aminopropyl)-imidazole(cas: 5036-48-6).Application In Synthesis of N-(3-Aminopropyl)-imidazole

The Article related to imidazole thiazolidinone antibiotic dna minor groove binder bacterial infection, Pharmacology: Drug Interactions and General Pharmacology and other aspects.Application In Synthesis of N-(3-Aminopropyl)-imidazole

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

On September 30, 2011, Kruger, Karin; Stegmann, George F.; Becker, Piet J. published an article.Reference of N-(2-Bromo-6-fluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine hydrochloride The title of the article was Preliminary investigation of concurrent administration of phenylbutazone and romifidine in healthy horses. And the article contained the following:

To characterize the cardiorespiratory and electrocardiog. effects of the combined administration of phenylbutazone and romifidine. Prospective four-period, four-treatment, blinded, randomized, crossover trial. Five, healthy, mixed breed horses. Prior to treatment administration, a catheter was introduced into the intra-thoracic cranial vena cava via the jugular vein and a s.c. located carotid artery was catheterised. All treatments were administered i.v. and consisted of saline placebo (PLC), phenylbutazone (PBZ, 4.4 mg/kg-1) romifidine (ROM, 80 μg/kg-1) and a combination of phenylbutazone (4.4 mg/kg-1) and romifidine (80 μg/kg-1). There was at least a 1 wk washout period between treatments. Heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (fR), systolic (SAP), diastolic (DAP) and mean (MAP) arterial pressures and central venous pressure (CVP) were recorded for baseline (prior to drug administration) and at 5 min intervals thereafter for 30 min. Electrocardiog. abnormalities were recorded. Data were analyzed by ANOVA. For the cardiovascular variables there were no statistically significant (p > 0.05) differences between horses treated with ROM and PBZ_ROM. Statistically significant (p < 0.05) differences only occurred between treatments with romifidine (ROM and PBZ_ROM) and without romifidine (PLC and PBZ). Within treatments, for ROM, changes over time were statistically significant (p < 0.05) for HR, SAP, DAP, MAP and CVP. For PBZ_ROM, changes over time were statistically significant (p < 0.05) for CVP. Sino-atrial and atrio-ventricular blocks occurred in horses treated with ROM and PBZ_ROM. The combined i.v. administration of phenylbutazone and romifidine had no statistically significant effect on cardiorespiratory variables. These limited data suggest no evidence why both agents should not be included in a preoperative medication protocol for healthy horses but do not exclude the possibility of interactions occurring in a larger population. The experimental process involved the reaction of N-(2-Bromo-6-fluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine hydrochloride(cas: 65896-14-2).Reference of N-(2-Bromo-6-fluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine hydrochloride

The Article related to phenylarthrite sedivet anesthetic combination therapy heart rate respiration horse, Pharmacology: Drug Interactions and General Pharmacology and other aspects.Reference of N-(2-Bromo-6-fluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine hydrochloride

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

On March 31, 1981, Lopyrev, V. A.; Larina, L. I.; Vakul’skaya, T. I.; Larin, M. F.; Nefedova, O. B.; Shibanova E. F.; Voronkov, M. G. published an article.Recommanded Product: 5709-67-1 The title of the article was Transmission of the substituent effects in 2-substituted benzimidazoles studied by proton and carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance. And the article contained the following:

Substituent effects on the 1H and 13C NMR chem. shifts in 2-substituted benzimidazoles and their anions and cations were studied quant. The transmission of electron effects of substituents from C-2 to C-5(6) is approx. 20% less effective than in the opposite direction. The solvent effects on 1H chem. shifts and transmission effects in the charged forms of 2-substituted benzimidazoles were also studied. The experimental process involved the reaction of 2-Nitro-1H-benzo[d]imidazole(cas: 5709-67-1).Recommanded Product: 5709-67-1

The Article related to benzimidazole nmr substituent effect, transmission electronic effect benzimidazole substituent, solvent effect benzimidazole nmr, lfer benzimidazole nmr, Physical Organic Chemistry: Spectral and Related Studies and other aspects.Recommanded Product: 5709-67-1

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

On November 10, 1998, Hang, B.; Medina, M.; Fraenkel-Conrat, H.; Singer, B. published an article.Application of 55662-66-3 The title of the article was A 55-kDa protein isolated from human cells shows DNA glycosylase activity toward 3,N4-ethenocytosine and the G/T mismatch. And the article contained the following:

Etheno adducts in DNA arise from multiple endogenous and exogenous sources. Of these adducts we have reported that, 1,N6-ethenoadenine (εA) and 3,N4-ethenocytosine (εC) are removed from DNA by two sep. DNA glycosylases. We later confirmed these results by using a gene knockout mouse lacking alkylpurine-DNA-N-glycosylase, which excises εA. The present work is directed toward identifying and purifying the human glycosylase activity releasing εC. HeLa cells were subjected to multiple steps of column chromatog., including two εC-DNA affinity columns, which resulted in >1,000-fold purification Isolation and renaturation of the protein from SDS/polyacrylamide gel showed that the εC activity resides in a 55-kDa polypeptide. This apparent mol. mass is approx. the same as reported for the human G/T mismatch thymine-DNA glycosylase. This latter activity copurified to the final column step and was present in the isolated protein band having εC-DNA glycosylase activity. In addition, oligonucleotides containing εC·G or G/T(U), could compete for εC protein binding, further indicating that the εC-DNA glycosylase is specific for both types of substrates in recognition. The same substrate specificity for εC also was observed in a recombinant G/T mismatch DNA glycosylase from the thermophilic bacterium, Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum THF. The experimental process involved the reaction of Imidazo[1,2-c]pyrimidin-5(6H)-one(cas: 55662-66-3).Application of 55662-66-3

The Article related to ethenocytosine dna glycosylase purification, Enzymes: Separation-Purification-General Characterization and other aspects.Application of 55662-66-3

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

On October 18, 2002, Kavli, Bodil; Sundheim, Ottar; Akbari, Mansour; Otterlei, Marit; Nilsen, Hilde; Skorpen, Frank; Aas, Per Arne; Hagen, Lars; Krokan, Hans E.; Slupphaug, Geir published an article.Product Details of 55662-66-3 The title of the article was hUNG2 Is the Major Repair Enzyme for Removal of Uracil from U:A Matches, U:G Mismatches, and U in Single-stranded DNA, with hSMUG1 as a Broad Specificity Backup. And the article contained the following:

HUNG2 and hSMUG1 are the only known glycosylases that may remove uracil from both double- and single-stranded DNA in nuclear chromatin, but their relative contribution to base excision repair remains elusive. The present study demonstrates that both enzymes are strongly stimulated by physiol. concentrations of Mg2+, at which the activity of hUNG2 is 2-3 orders of magnitude higher than of hSMUG1. Moreover, Mg2+ increases the preference of hUNG2 toward uracil in ssDNA nearly 40-fold. APE1 has a strong stimulatory effect on hSMUG1 against dsU, apparently because of enhanced dissociation of hSMUG1 from AP sites in dsDNA. HSMUG1 also has a broader substrate specificity than hUNG2, including 5-hydroxymethyluracil and 3,N4-ethenocytosine. HUNG2 is excluded from, whereas hSMUG1 accumulates in, nucleoli in living cells. In contrast, only hUNG2 accumulates in replication foci in the S-phase. HUNG2 in nuclear extracts initiates base excision repair of plasmids containing either U:A and U:G in vitro. Moreover, an addnl. but delayed repair of the U:G plasmid is observed that is not inhibited by neutralizing antibodies against hUNG2 or hSMUG1. We propose a model in which hUNG2 is responsible for both prereplicative removal of deaminated cytosine and postreplicative removal of misincorporated uracil at the replication fork. We also provide evidence that hUNG2 is the major enzyme for removal of deaminated cytosine outside of replication foci, with hSMUG1 acting as a broad specificity backup. The experimental process involved the reaction of Imidazo[1,2-c]pyrimidin-5(6H)-one(cas: 55662-66-3).Product Details of 55662-66-3

The Article related to uracil dna glycosylase ung2 base excision repair, Enzymes: Separation-Purification-General Characterization and other aspects.Product Details of 55662-66-3

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

On November 30, 1996, Mueller, Michael; Hutchinson, Linda K.; Guengerich, F. Peter published an article.Category: imidazoles-derivatives The title of the article was Addition of Deoxyribose to Guanine and Modified DNA Bases by Lactobacillus helveticus trans-N-Deoxyribosylase. And the article contained the following:

The use of bacterial trans-N-deoxyribosylase was evaluated as an alternative method for deoxyribosylation in the synthesis of deoxyribonucleosides containing potentially mutagenic adducts. A crude enzyme preparation was isolated from Lactobacillus helveticus and compared to Escherichia coli purine nucleoside phosphorylase. Trans-N-deoxyribosylase was more regioselective than purine nucleoside phosphorylase in the deoxyribosylation of Gua at the N9 atom, as compared to N7, as demonstrated by NMR anal. of the product. 5,6,7,9-Tetrahydro-7-acetoxy-9-oxoimidazo[1,2-a]purine was efficiently deoxyribosylated by trans-N-deoxyribosylase but not at all by purine nucleoside phosphorylase. Other substrates for trans-N-deoxyribosylase were N2-(2-oxoethyl)Gua, pyrimido[1,2-a]purin-10(3H)-one, 1,N2-ε-Gua, N2,3-ε-Gua, 3,N4-ε-Cyt, 1,N6-ε-Ade, C8-methylGua, and C8-aminoGua, most of which gave the desired isomer (bond at the nitrogen corresponding to N9 in Gua) in good yield. Neither N7-alkylpurines nor C8-(arylamino)-substituted guanines were substrates. The approach offers a relatively convenient method of enzymic preparation of many carcinogen-DNA adducts at the nucleoside level, for either use as standards or incorporation into oligonucleotides. Trans-N-deoxyribosylase can also be used to remove deoxyribose from modified deoxyribonucleosides in the presence of excess Cyt. The experimental process involved the reaction of Imidazo[1,2-c]pyrimidin-5(6H)-one(cas: 55662-66-3).Category: imidazoles-derivatives

The Article related to deoxyribose dna base preparation trans deoxyribosylase, Enzymes: Separation-Purification-General Characterization and other aspects.Category: imidazoles-derivatives

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem