Month: November 2022

On December 24, 2015, Lenz, Stefan A. P.; Kellie, Jennifer L.; Wetmore, Stacey D. published an article.COA of Formula: C6H5N3O The title of the article was Glycosidic Bond Cleavage in DNA Nucleosides: Effect of Nucleobase Damage and Activation on the Mechanism and Barrier. And the article contained the following:

Although DNA damage can have a variety of deleterious effects on cells (e.g., senescence, death, and rapid growth), the base excision repair (BER) pathway combats the effects by removing several types of damaged DNA. Since the first BER step involves cleavage of the bond between the damaged nucleobase and the DNA sugar-phosphate backbone, we have used d. functional theory to compare the intrinsic stability of the glycosidic bond in a number of common DNA oxidation, deamination, and alkylation products to the corresponding natural nucleosides. Our calculations predict that the dissociative (SN1) and associative (SN2) pathways are nearly isoenergetic, with the dissociative pathway only slightly favored on the Gibbs reaction surface for all canonical and damaged nucleosides, which suggests that DNA damage does not affect the inherently most favorable deglycosylation pathway. More importantly, with the exception of thymine glycol, all DNA lesions exhibit reduced glycosidic bond stability relative to the undamaged nucleosides. Furthermore, the trend in the magnitude of the deglycosylation barrier reduction directly correlates with the relative nucleobase acidity (at N9 for purines or N1 for pyrimidines), which thereby provides a computationally efficient, qual. measure of the glycosidic bond stability in DNA damage. The effect of nucleobase activation (protonation) at different sites predicts that the positions leading to the largest reductions in the deglycosylation barrier are typically used by DNA glycosylases to facilitate base excision. Finally, deaza purine derivatives are found to have greater glycosidic bond stability than the canonical counterparts, which suggests that alterations to excision rates measured using these derivatives to probe DNA glycosylase function must be interpreted in reference to the inherent differences in the nucleoside reactivity. Combined with previous studies of the deglycosylation of DNA nucleosides, the current study provides a greater fundamental understanding about the reactivity of the glycosidic bond in damaged DNA, which has direct implications to the function of critical DNA repair enzymes. The experimental process involved the reaction of Imidazo[1,2-c]pyrimidin-5(6H)-one(cas: 55662-66-3).COA of Formula: C6H5N3O

The Article related to glycosidic bond cleavage dna damage nucleoside nucleobase deglycosylation, General Biochemistry: Nucleic Acids and Their Constituents and other aspects.COA of Formula: C6H5N3O

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

On September 30, 2000, Sagi, Janos; Perry, Alex; Hang, Bo; Singer, B. published an article.Product Details of 55662-66-3 The title of the article was Differential Destabilization of the DNA Oligonucleotide Double Helix by a T·G Mismatch, 3,N4-Ethenocytosine, 3,N4-Ethanocytosine, or an 8-(Hydroxymethyl)-3,N4-ethenocytosine Adduct Incorporated into the Same Sequence Contexts. And the article contained the following:

The T·G mismatch and the exocyclic adduct 3,N4-ethenocytosine (εC) are repaired by the same enzyme, the human G/T(U) mismatch-DNA glycosylase (TDG). This enzyme removes the T, U, or εC base from duplex DNA. The rate of cleavage was found to differ with the lesion and was also affected by neighbor sequences [Hang, B., Medina, M., Fraenkel-Conrat, H., and Singer, B. (1998) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 95, 13561-13566]. Since sequence influences duplex stability, we determined the thermodn. stability of T·G and εC-containing 15-mer duplexes in which the bases flanking the lesion were systematically varied. The duplexes contained central 5′-TTXTT, 5′-AAXAA, 5′-CCXCC, or 5′-GGXGG sequences, where X is T, εC, or two closely related structural derivatives of εC: 3,N4-ethanocytosine (EC) and 8-(hydroxymethyl)-εC (8-HM-εC). Each of the four lesions, incorporated opposite G, decreased both the thermal (Tm) and thermodn. stability (ΔG°37) of the 15-mer control duplexes. On the basis of the Tm and ΔG°37 values, the order of destabilization of the TTXTT sequence in 15-mer duplexes was as follows: 8-HM-εC > EC > εC > T·G. The ΔTm values range from -15.8 to -9.5 °C when Ct = 8 μM. Duplexes with flanking AA or TT neighbors were more destabilized, by an average of 2 °C, than those with flanking GG or CC neighbors. The base opposite the modified base also influenced duplex stability. Within the TT context, of the four changed bases opposite the adducts, C had the greatest destabilizing effect, up to -18.4 °C. In contrast, a G opposite an adduct was generally the least destabilizing, and the smallest value was -3.0 °C. Destabilizations were enthalpic in origin. Thus, this work shows that independently changing the modified base, the sequence, or the base opposite the lesion each affects the stability of the duplex, to significantly varying extents. The potential contribution of the thermodn. stability to repair efficiency is discussed. The experimental process involved the reaction of Imidazo[1,2-c]pyrimidin-5(6H)-one(cas: 55662-66-3).Product Details of 55662-66-3

The Article related to dna thermodn stability mismatch, oligodeoxyribonucleotide cytosine derivative adduct stability, General Biochemistry: Nucleic Acids and Their Constituents and other aspects.Product Details of 55662-66-3

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

On March 31, 2021, Zhang, Xing; Blumenthal, Robert M.; Cheng, Xiaodong published an article.Recommanded Product: N-Methyl-7H-purin-6-amine The title of the article was A Role for N6-Methyladenine in DNA Damage Repair. And the article contained the following:

The leading cause of mutation due to oxidative damage is 8-oxo-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-oxoG) mispairing with adenine (Ade), which can occur in two ways. First, guanine of a G:C DNA base pair can be oxidized. If not repaired in time, DNA polymerases can mispair Ade with 8-oxoG in the template. This 8-oxoG:A can be repaired by enzymes that remove Ade opposite to template 8-oxoG, or 8-oxoG opposite to Cyt. Second, free 8-oxo-dGTP can be misincorporated by DNA polymerases into DNA opposite template Ade. However, there is no known repair activity that removes 8-oxoG opposite to template Ade. We suggest that a major role of N6-methyladenine in mammalian DNA is minimizing incorporation of 8-oxoG opposite to Ade by DNA polymerases following adduct formation. The experimental process involved the reaction of N-Methyl-7H-purin-6-amine(cas: 443-72-1).Recommanded Product: N-Methyl-7H-purin-6-amine

The Article related to methyladenine dna damage repair, 8-oxoguanine, dna adenine methylation, mettl3-mettl14, ythdc1, single-stranded dna, General Biochemistry: Nucleic Acids and Their Constituents and other aspects.Recommanded Product: N-Methyl-7H-purin-6-amine

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

On June 30, 1978, Marzilli, Luigi G.; Hanson, Brian E.; Kapili, Leilani; Rose, Seth D.; Beer, Michael published an article.Computed Properties of 55662-66-3 The title of the article was Osmium-labeled polynucleotides: reaction of osmium tetraoxide, with poly-1,N6-ethenoadenylic acid. And the article contained the following:

OsO4, in the presence of ligands such as pyridine and bipyridine, added across the etheno bridge of 1,N6-etheno-9-methyladenine and poly(1,N6-ethenoadenylic acid). The Os:P ratio in the labeled polynucleotide was ≃1 when bipyridine was used as the stabilizing ligand. A similar study with poly(C), which was partially modified with chloroacetaldehyde so that some bases were converted to 3,N4-ethenocytosine, gave an Os:P ratio of ≃1.3. Calf thymus DNA, in which adenine and cytosine bases were modified by chloroacetaldehyde, gave an Os:P ratio of ≃1 after 24 h. Thus, 3,N4-ethenocytosine may add 2 Os labels. The experimental process involved the reaction of Imidazo[1,2-c]pyrimidin-5(6H)-one(cas: 55662-66-3).Computed Properties of 55662-66-3

The Article related to polyethenoadenylate addition reaction osmium, ethenoadenylate polymer reaction osmium, ethenycytosine reaction osmium, General Biochemistry: Nucleic Acids and Their Constituents and other aspects.Computed Properties of 55662-66-3

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

On March 15, 2022, Iwasaki, Yuka; Ookuro, Yurino; Iida, Keisuke; Nagasawa, Kazuo; Yoshida, Wataru published an article.Synthetic Route of 443-72-1 The title of the article was Destabilization of DNA and RNA G-quadruplex structures formed by GGA repeat due to N6-methyladenine modification. And the article contained the following:

N6-methyladenine (m6A) is the most abundant RNA modification in eukaryotic RNA. Further, m6A has been identified in the genomic DNA of both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. The G-quadruplex (G4) structure is a non-canonical nucleic acid structure formed by the stacking of G:G:G:G tetrads. In this study, we evaluated the effect of m6A modifications on G4 structures formed by GGA repeat oligonucleotides, d(GGA)8, d(GGA)4, and r(GGA)4. The d(GGA)8 forms an intramol. tetrad:heptad:heptad:tetrad G4 structure, while d(GGA)4 forms a dimerized intermol. tetrad:heptad:heptad:tetrad G4 structure. r(GGA)4 forms a dimerized intermol. tetrad:hexad:hexad:tetrad G4 structure. CD melting anal. demonstrated that (1) m6A modifications destabilized the G4 structure formed by d(GGA)8, (2) m6A modification at A3 disrupted the G4 structure formed by d(GGA)4, and (3) m6A modification at A3 destabilized the G4 structure formed by r(GGA)4. M6A modifications may be involved in controlling G4 structure formation to regulate biol. functions. The experimental process involved the reaction of N-Methyl-7H-purin-6-amine(cas: 443-72-1).Synthetic Route of 443-72-1

The Article related to dna rna gquadruplex structure destabilization gga repeat methyladenine modification, g-quadruplex, gga repeat, n(6)-methyladenine, thermal stability, General Biochemistry: Nucleic Acids and Their Constituents and other aspects.Synthetic Route of 443-72-1

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

On May 12, 2016, Cook, James H., II; Zusi, F. Christopher; Hill, Matthew D. published a patent.Application In Synthesis of 4-Bromo-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2(3H)-one The title of the patent was Quinuclidine compounds as alpha-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor ligands. And the patent contained the following:

The invention relates to preparation of spiro quinuclidine oxazoloazole derivatives of formula I wherein X and R are as defined in the disclosure, which bind to the nicotinic α7 receptor and may be useful for the treatment of disorders of the central nervous system. The experimental process involved the reaction of 4-Bromo-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2(3H)-one(cas: 40644-16-4).Application In Synthesis of 4-Bromo-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2(3H)-one

The Article related to spiro quinuclidine oxazoloazole preparation alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor ligand, Heterocyclic Compounds (More Than One Hetero Atom): General and other aspects.Application In Synthesis of 4-Bromo-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2(3H)-one

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

On November 3, 1977, Schweisguth, Bernard published a patent.Safety of 3-Phenyl-1H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-2(3H)-one The title of the patent was (Morpholinylmethyl)benzimidazolinones. And the patent contained the following:

Antidepressant morpholine derivatives I (R = Me, Me2CH, Ph, PhCH2; R1 = H, 6-Cl, 5-MeO; R2 = H, PhCH2; X = N, CH) (12 compounds) were prepared Thus, 1-methyl-2,3-dihydro-2-benzimidazolone reacted with NaH and 2-(chloromethyl)-4-benzylmorpholine to give I (R = Me, R1 = H, R2 = PhCH2), which was hydrogenated to I (R2 = H). I are useful as antidepressants at 50-150 mg/day for humans. The experimental process involved the reaction of 3-Phenyl-1H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-2(3H)-one(cas: 41010-50-8).Safety of 3-Phenyl-1H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-2(3H)-one

The Article related to morpholinylmethylbenzimidazolone, antidepressant morpholinylmethylbenzimidazolone, benzimidazolone morpholinylmethyl, Heterocyclic Compounds (More Than One Hetero Atom): Oxazines and other aspects.Safety of 3-Phenyl-1H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-2(3H)-one

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

On December 31, 2022, Liu, Chang; Li, Linshuang; Yang, Bo; Zhao, Yiqing; Dong, Xiyuan; Zhu, Lixia; Ren, Xinling; Huang, Bo; Yue, Jing; Jin, Lei; Zhang, Hanwang; Wang, Lan published an article.Application of 443-72-1 The title of the article was Transcriptome-wide N6-methyladenine methylation in granulosa cells of women with decreased ovarian reserve. And the article contained the following:

The emerging epitranscriptome plays an essential role in female fertility. As the most prevalent internal mRNA modification, N6-methyladenine (m6A) methylation regulate mRNA fate and translational efficiency. However, whether m6A methylation was involved in the aging-related ovarian reserve decline has not been investigated. Herein, we performed m6A transcriptome-wide profiling in the ovarian granulosa cells of younger women (younger group) and older women (older group). M6A methylation distribution was highly conserved and enriched in the CDS and 3’UTR region. Besides, an increased number of m6A methylated genes were identified in the older group. Bioinformatics anal. indicated that m6A methylated genes were enriched in the FoxO signaling pathway, adherens junction, and regulation of actin cytoskeleton. A total of 435 genes were differently expressed in the older group, moreover, 58 of them were modified by m6A. Several specific genes, including BUB1B, PHC2, TOP2A, DDR2, KLF13, and RYR2 which were differently expressed and modified by m6A, were validated using qRT-PCR and might be involved in the decreased ovarian functions in the aging ovary. Hence, our finding revealed the transcriptional significance of m6A modifications and provide potential therapeutic targets to promote fertility reservation for aging women. The experimental process involved the reaction of N-Methyl-7H-purin-6-amine(cas: 443-72-1).Application of 443-72-1

The Article related to human ovarian reserve methyladenine methylation transcriptome granulosa cell, aging, granulosa cell, n6-methyladenosine, ovary, rna modification, Mammalian Pathological Biochemistry: Obstetrics – Gynecology and other aspects.Application of 443-72-1

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Li, Zhicheng; Kong, Xiaobo; Mai, Wenpeng; Sun, Gangchun; Zhao, Shizhao published an article in 2014, the title of the article was Synthesis of esomeprazole through asymmetric oxidation.Related Products of 73590-85-9 And the article contains the following content:

N,N’-dicyclohexyl-d-tartaric diamide 2a and N,N’-di-[(R)-indan]-d-tartaric diamide 2b were prepared through the reaction of diethyl-d-tartrate with cyclohexylamine and (R)-(-)-1-aminoindan, resp. The two compounds coordinated with iso-Pr titanate (Ti(O-iPr)4), were used as catalyst in the asym. oxidation of pyrmetazol 3 with cumene hydroperoxide (CHP) as oxidant. The results revealed that both the catalytic systems derived from ligand 2a and 2b with Ti(O-iPr)4 showed good catalytic activity and enantioselectivity in the synthesis of esomeprazole. Under the optimized conditions, the yield reached 91%, 91% and the enantio excess (ee) was up to 87%, 89%. The experimental process involved the reaction of 5-Methoxy-2-[[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-2-pyridyl)methyl]thio]benzimidazole(cas: 73590-85-9).Related Products of 73590-85-9

The Article related to asym oxidation esomeprazole synthesis, Heterocyclic Compounds (More Than One Hetero Atom): Pyrazoles and other aspects.Related Products of 73590-85-9

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

On December 31, 2020, Li, Jianwei; Huang, Yan; Cui, Qinghua; Zhou, Yuan published an article.Reference of N-Methyl-7H-purin-6-amine The title of the article was m6Acorr: an online tool for the correction and comparison of m6A methylation profiles. And the article contained the following:

The anal. and comparison of RNA m6A methylation profiles have become increasingly important for understanding the post-transcriptional regulations of gene expression. However, current m6A profiles in public databases are not readily intercomparable, where heterogeneous profiles from the same exptl. report but different cell types showed unwanted high correlations. Several normalizing or correcting methods were tested to remove such laboratory bias. And m6Acorr, an effective pipeline for correcting m6A profiles, was presented on the basis of quantile normalization and empirical Bayes batch regression method. m6Acorr could efficiently correct laboratory bias in the simulated dataset and real m6A profiles in public databases. The preservation of biol. signals was examined after correction, and m6Acorr was found to better preserve differential methylation signals, m6A regulated targets, and m6A-related biol. features than alternative methods. Finally, the m6Acorr server was established. This server could eliminate the potential laboratory bias in m6A methylation profiles and perform profile-profile comparisons and functional anal. of hyper- (hypo-) methylated genes based on corrected methylation profiles. M6Acorr was established to correct the existing laboratory bias in RNA m6A methylation profiles and perform profile comparisons on the corrected datasets. The m6Acorr server is available at http://www.rnanut.net/m6Acorr. A stand-alone version with the correction function is also available in GitHub at https://github.com/emersON106/m6Acorr. The experimental process involved the reaction of N-Methyl-7H-purin-6-amine(cas: 443-72-1).Reference of N-Methyl-7H-purin-6-amine

The Article related to m6acorr methylation profile mettl3 mettl14, Biochemical Methods: Other (Not Covered At Other Subsections) and other aspects.Reference of N-Methyl-7H-purin-6-amine

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem