Month: November 2022

On April 30, 2014, Yu, Yong; Li, Qin-geng published an article.Computed Properties of 73590-85-9 The title of the article was Synthesis of sodium esomeprazole. And the article contained the following:

Esomeprazole sodium was synthesized through asym. oxidation reaction, and the synthesis process route was optimized. The ufiprazole was prepared firstly, which was then oxidized to form esomeprazole. Finally, the esomeprazole sodium was prepared by reaction of esomeprazole with sodium hydroxide. The overall yield was 57.2%. The structures of target compounds were characterized by IR, 1H NMR and MS. The experimental process involved the reaction of 5-Methoxy-2-[[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-2-pyridyl)methyl]thio]benzimidazole(cas: 73590-85-9).Computed Properties of 73590-85-9

The Article related to sodium esomeprazole chem synthesis, Pharmacology: Effects Of Gastrointestinal and Respiratory Drugs and other aspects.Computed Properties of 73590-85-9

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Knych, H. K.; Stanley, S. D.; Arthur, R. M.; McKemie, D. S. published an article in 2017, the title of the article was Disposition of the anti-ulcer medications ranitidine, cimetidine, and omeprazole following administration of multiple doses to exercised Thoroughbred horses.HPLC of Formula: 73590-85-9 And the article contains the following content:

The use of anti-ulcer medications, such as cimetidine, ranitidine, and omeprazole, is common in performance horses. The use of these drugs is regulated in performance horses, and as such a withdrawal time is necessary prior to competition to avoid a medication violation. To the authors’ knowledge, there are no reports in the literature describing repeated oral administrations of these drugs in the horse to determine a regulatory threshold and related withdrawal time recommendations. Therefore, the objective of the current study was to describe the disposition and elimination pharmacokinetics of these anti-ulcer medications following oral administration to provide data upon which appropriate regulatory recommendations can be established. Nine exercised Thoroughbred horses were administered 20 mg/kg BID of cimetidine or 8 mg/kg BID of ranitidine, both for seven doses or 2.28 g of omeprazole SID for four doses. Blood samples were collected, serum drug concentrations were determined, and elimination pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated The serum elimination half-life was 7.05 ± 1.02, 7.43 ± 0.851 and 3.94 ± 1.04 h for cimetidine, ranitidine, and omeprazole, resp. Serum cimetidine and ranitidine concentrations were above the LOQ and omeprazole and omeprazole sulfide below the LOQ in all horses studied upon termination of sample collection. The experimental process involved the reaction of 5-Methoxy-2-[[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-2-pyridyl)methyl]thio]benzimidazole(cas: 73590-85-9).HPLC of Formula: 73590-85-9

The Article related to antiulcer ranitidine cimetidine omeprazole pharmacokinetics, Pharmacology: Effects Of Gastrointestinal and Respiratory Drugs and other aspects.HPLC of Formula: 73590-85-9

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

On April 30, 2014, Zuo, Hui; Ma, Liangxiu published an article.Formula: C17H19N3O2S The title of the article was Study on green synthesis of omeprazole. And the article contained the following:

The aim is to study green synthesis of omeprazole. 4-Anisidine was treated via acetylation, nitration, hydrolysis, reduction and cyclization for synthesis of intermediate of 2-mercapto-5-methoxy-1H-benzimidazole. 2-Hydroxymethyl-3, 5-dimethyl-4-methoxy-pyridine was treated via sulfuryl chloride chlorination treatment to directly synthesize with benzimidazole to obtain intermediate of thioether without separation, and synthesis of omeprazole was achieved by catalytic oxidation The experimental process involved the reaction of 5-Methoxy-2-[[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-2-pyridyl)methyl]thio]benzimidazole(cas: 73590-85-9).Formula: C17H19N3O2S

The Article related to omeprazole green synthesis economic environment selective oxidation, Pharmacology: Effects Of Gastrointestinal and Respiratory Drugs and other aspects.Formula: C17H19N3O2S

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

On November 30, 2011, Ogilvie, Brian W.; Yerino, Phyllis; Kazmi, Faraz; Buckley, David B.; Rostami-Hodjegan, Amin; Paris, Brandy L.; Toren, Paul; Parkinson, Andrew published an article.Name: 5-Methoxy-2-[[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-2-pyridyl)methyl]thio]benzimidazole The title of the article was The proton pump inhibitor, omeprazole, but not lansoprazole or pantoprazole, is a metabolism-dependent inhibitor of CYP2C19: implications for coadministration with clopidogrel. And the article contained the following:

As a direct-acting inhibitor of CYP2C19 in vitro, lansoprazole is more potent than omeprazole and other proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), but lansoprazole does not cause clin. significant inhibition of CYP2C19 whereas omeprazole does. To investigate this apparent paradox, we evaluated omeprazole, esomeprazole, R-omeprazole, lansoprazole, and pantoprazole for their ability to function as direct-acting and metabolism-dependent inhibitors (MDIs) of CYP2C19 in pooled human liver microsomes (HLM) as well as in cryopreserved hepatocytes and recombinant CYP2C19. In HLM, all PPIs were found to be direct-acting inhibitors of CYP2C19 with IC50 values varying from 1.2 μM [lansoprazole; maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) = 2.2 μM] to 93 μM (pantoprazole; Cmax = 6.5 μM). In addition, we identified omeprazole, esomeprazole, R-omeprazole, and omeprazole sulfone as MDIs of CYP2C19 (they caused IC50 shifts after a 30-min preincubation with NADPH-fortified HLM of 4.2-, 10-, 2.5-, and 3.2-fold, resp.), whereas lansoprazole and pantoprazole were not MDIs (IC50 shifts < 1.5-fold). The metabolism-dependent inhibition of CYP2C19 by omeprazole and esomeprazole was not reversed by ultracentrifugation, suggesting that the inhibition was irreversible (or quasi-irreversible), whereas ultracentrifugation largely reversed such effects of R-omeprazole. Under various conditions, omeprazole inactivated CYP2C19 with KI (inhibitor concentration that supports half the maximal rate of inactivation) values of 1.7 to 9.1 μM and kinact (maximal rate of enzyme inactivation) values of 0.041 to 0.046 min-1. This study identified omeprazole, and esomeprazole, but not R-omeprazole, lansoprazole, or pantoprazole, as irreversible (or quasi-irreversible) MDIs of CYP2C19. These results have important implications for the mechanism of the clin. interaction reported between omeprazole and clopidogrel, as well as other CYP2C19 substrates. The experimental process involved the reaction of 5-Methoxy-2-[[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-2-pyridyl)methyl]thio]benzimidazole(cas: 73590-85-9).Name: 5-Methoxy-2-[[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-2-pyridyl)methyl]thio]benzimidazole

The Article related to omeprazole lansoprazole pantoprazole esomeprazole proton pump inhibitor interaction cyp2c19, Pharmacology: Effects Of Gastrointestinal and Respiratory Drugs and other aspects.Name: 5-Methoxy-2-[[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-2-pyridyl)methyl]thio]benzimidazole

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Klapoetke, Thomas M.; Preimesser, Andreas; Stierstorfer, Joerg published an article in 2015, the title of the article was Energetic Derivatives of 2-Nitrimino-5,6-dinitro-benzimidazole.Application of 5709-67-1 And the article contains the following content:

2-Nitrimino-5,6-dinitrobenzimidazole (1) was synthesized by nitration of 2-aminobenzimidazole at ambient temperature in good yield. In order to explore new insensitive explosives four energetic nitrogen-rich 1:1 salts such as the guanidinium (1a), aminoguanidinium (1b), triaminoguanidinium (1c) and hydroxylammonium (1d) were synthesized either by facile acid/base or in situ metathesis reaction. In addition 2-nitrobenzimidazole (2) was synthesized by the reaction of 2-aminobenzimidazole using potassium hyperoxide in THF. Different nitration methods were tested to obtain a theor. 2,4,5,6,7-pentanitrobenzimidazole but only the already known 4,5,6,7-tetranitrobenzimidazol-2-one (3) could be isolated. All synthesized compounds were characterized especially by low temperature X-ray diffraction, CHN elemental anal. and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The heat of formation of all new synthesized compounds was calculated using CBS-4M electronic enthalpies in combination with the atomization method to calculate their detonation parameters with the EXPLO 5 V5.05 computer code. The experimental process involved the reaction of 2-Nitro-1H-benzo[d]imidazole(cas: 5709-67-1).Application of 5709-67-1

The Article related to nitrimino dinitro benzimidazole energetic derivative, Propellants and Explosives: Explosives, Ignitors, and Detonators and other aspects.Application of 5709-67-1

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

On April 15, 2011, Lingaraju, Gondichatnahalli M.; Davis, C. Ainsley; Setser, Jeremy W.; Samson, Leona D.; Drennan, Catherine L. published an article.Reference of Imidazo[1,2-c]pyrimidin-5(6H)-one The title of the article was Structural Basis for the Inhibition of Human Alkyladenine DNA Glycosylase (AAG) by 3,N4-Ethenocytosine-containing DNA. And the article contained the following:

Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, generated by neutrophils and macrophages in chronically inflamed tissues, readily damage DNA, producing a variety of potentially genotoxic etheno base lesions; such inflammation-related DNA damage is now known to contribute to carcinogenesis. Although the human alkyladenine DNA glycosylase (AAG) can specifically bind DNA containing either 1,N6-ethenoadenine (εA) lesions or 3,N4-ethenocytosine (εC) lesions, it can only excise εA lesions. AAG binds very tightly to DNA containing εC lesions, forming an abortive protein-DNA complex; such binding not only shields εC from repair by other enzymes but also inhibits AAG from acting on other DNA lesions. To understand the structural basis for inhibition, we have characterized the binding of AAG to DNA containing εC lesions and have solved a crystal structure of AAG bound to a DNA duplex containing the εC lesion. This study provides the first structure of a DNA glycosylase in complex with an inhibitory base lesion that is induced endogenously and that is also induced upon exposure to environmental agents such as vinyl chloride. We identify the primary cause of inhibition as a failure to activate the nucleotide base as an efficient leaving group and demonstrate that the higher binding affinity of AAG for εC vs. εA is achieved through formation of an addnl. hydrogen bond between Asn-169 in the active site pocket and the O2 of εC. This structure provides the basis for the design of AAG inhibitors currently being sought as an adjuvant for cancer chemotherapy. The experimental process involved the reaction of Imidazo[1,2-c]pyrimidin-5(6H)-one(cas: 55662-66-3).Reference of Imidazo[1,2-c]pyrimidin-5(6H)-one

The Article related to antitumor design ethenocytosine alkyladenine dna glycosylase inhibitor, Pharmacology: Effects Of Neoplasm Inhibitors and Cytotoxic Agents and other aspects.Reference of Imidazo[1,2-c]pyrimidin-5(6H)-one

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

He, Liting; Xiong, Kai; Wang, Lili; Guan, Ruilin; Chen, Yu; Ji, Liangnian; Chao, Hui published an article in 2021, the title of the article was Iridium(III) complexes as mitochondrial topoisomerase inhibitors against cisplatin-resistant cancer cells.Formula: C6H11N3 And the article contains the following content:

Herein, we developed the first metal-based mitochondrial topoisomerase inhibitors to achieve an effective therapeutic outcome for the therapy of cisplatin-resistant tumor cells. The experimental process involved the reaction of N-(3-Aminopropyl)-imidazole(cas: 5036-48-6).Formula: C6H11N3

The Article related to iridium complex mitochondrial topoisomerase inhibitor cisplatin resistant tumor cell, Pharmacology: Effects Of Neoplasm Inhibitors and Cytotoxic Agents and other aspects.Formula: C6H11N3

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

On August 31, 2022, Xu, Xinqi; Zhang, Yajiao; Wang, Shaoyu; Xu, Lian; Su, Bingmei; Wang, Lichao; Lin, Juan published an article.SDS of cas: 73590-85-9 The title of the article was Nonpolarity paving in substrate tunnel of a Limnobacter sp. Phenylacetone monooxygenase for efficient single whole-cell synthesis of esomeprazole. And the article contained the following:

Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenase (BVMO) mediated sulfoxidation is a sustainable approach for the synthesis of esomeprazole. In this work, a novel phenylacetone monooxygenase from Limnobacter sp. (LnPAMO) was found to have trace activity for synthesis of enantiopure esomeprazole. Through engineering in the substrate tunnel using a mutagenesis strategy called “nonpolarity paving” and some modifications in cofactor binding domains, a mutant harboring 15 mutations (LnPAMO Mu15) was obtained with 6.6 x 103-fold higher activity to convert omeprazole sulfide into esomeprazole. The activities of the mutant for synthesis of (S)-Me Ph sulfoxide and (S)-pantoprazole also increased much, indicating the versatility of the mutant for sulfoxide synthesis. Importantly, no over-oxidation byproduct omeprazole sulfone was detected in the sulfoxidation products by both mass spectrometry and HPLC anal. Then NADP-dependent Burkholderia stabili formate dehydrogenase was ligated behind Mu15 along with a ribosome binding site sequence in pET-28a for co-expression. By single whole-cell of recombinant Escherichia coli BL21 coexpressing Mu15 and formate dehydrogenase, omeprazole sulfide was efficiently converted into esomeprazole without production of sulfone (16 g/L substrate, enantiomeric excess > 99.9% (S) and > 99% conversion) and the space-time-yield reached 1.67 g product/L/h. The experimental process involved the reaction of 5-Methoxy-2-[[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-2-pyridyl)methyl]thio]benzimidazole(cas: 73590-85-9).SDS of cas: 73590-85-9

The Article related to esomeprazole limnobacter phenylacetone monooxygenase whole cell synthesis, esomeprazole, phenylacetone monooxygenase, single-cell sulfoxidation, substrate tunnel, Fermentation and Bioindustrial Chemistry: Fermentation Engineering and other aspects.SDS of cas: 73590-85-9

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

On May 31, 1982, Rastogi, Rashmi; Sharma, Satyavan published an article.Computed Properties of 5709-67-1 The title of the article was Synthesis of 2-substituted benzofurans as potential anthelmintics. And the article contained the following:

Thirteen title compounds, e.g. I (R = 2-O2NC6H4, 2-H2NC6H4, 2-benzimidazolyl) and II (X = NH, S), were prepared starting from 2-benzofurancarbonyl chloride. The title compounds were tested as anthelmintics, bactericides, and fungicides and found to be inactive. The experimental process involved the reaction of 2-Nitro-1H-benzo[d]imidazole(cas: 5709-67-1).Computed Properties of 5709-67-1

The Article related to benzofuran substituted preparation anthelmintic, bactericide substituted benzofuran, fungicide substituted benzofuran, benzimidazolylbenzofuran, benzothiazolylbenzofuran, Heterocyclic Compounds (One Hetero Atom): Areno- and Diarenofurans and other aspects.Computed Properties of 5709-67-1

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

On September 30, 2009, Leece, Elizabeth A.; Girard, Nicolas M.; Maddern, Kieren published an article.Application In Synthesis of N-(2-Bromo-6-fluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine hydrochloride The title of the article was Alfaxalone in cyclodextrin for induction and maintenance of anesthesia in ponies undergoing field castration. And the article contained the following:

To evaluate the induction and maintenance of anesthesia using alfaxalone following pre-anesthetic medication with romifidine and butorphanol in ponies undergoing castration in the field. Prospective clin. study. Seventeen male ponies weighing 169 ± 29 kg. The ponies were sedated with romifidine and butorphanol i.v. Induction time was recorded following administration of alfaxalone 1 mg/kg-1 and diazepam 0.02 mg/kg-1 i.v. If movement during surgery occurred, alfaxalone 0.2 mg/kg-1 was administered i.v. The quality of anesthetic induction, and recovery were scored on a subjective scale of 1 (good) to 5 (poor). The number of attempts to attain sternal recumbency and standing, quality of recovery and times from induction to end of surgery, first head lift, sternal recumbency and standing were recorded. Induction quality was good [median score (range) 1 (1-3)] with a mean ±SD time of 29 ± 6 s taken to achieve lateral recumbency. Ten ponies required incremental doses of alfaxalone during surgery. Mean times to the end of surgery, first head lift, sternal recumbency and standing were 26 ± 9 min, 31 ± 9 min, 33 ± 9 min and 34 ± 9 min resp. The number of attempts to attain sternal recumbency was 1(1-1) and to attain standing was 1(1-2). Quality of recovery was good, with a recovery score of 1(1-2). Alfaxalone provided smooth induction and recovery characteristics and was considered suitable for maintenance of anesthesia for castration in ponies. The experimental process involved the reaction of N-(2-Bromo-6-fluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine hydrochloride(cas: 65896-14-2).Application In Synthesis of N-(2-Bromo-6-fluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine hydrochloride

The Article related to alfaxan cyclodextrin anesthesia horse anesthetic, Mammalian Hormones: Corticosteroid, Gonadal, and Placental Hormones and other aspects.Application In Synthesis of N-(2-Bromo-6-fluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine hydrochloride

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem