Month: November 2022

On December 31, 2013, Chesnel, M. A.; Clutton, R. E. published an article.Safety of N-(2-Bromo-6-fluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine hydrochloride The title of the article was A comparison of two morphine doses on the quality of recovery from general anaesthesia in horses. And the article contained the following:

Previous studies indicated that perioperative morphine improves recovery quality after general anesthesia in horses. This clin. trial investigated whether this effect was dose-dependant. Twenty-six horses anesthetized for surgery were block-randomised to receive one of two intraoperative morphine treatments: Treatment M1 consisted of a constant rate infusion (CRI) of morphine at 0.1 mg/kg/h, begun after a loading dose (LD) of 0.15 mg/kg. Treatment M2 was a CRI of 0.2 mg/kg/h preceded by an LD of 0.3 mg/kg. During recovery, times at the first attempt and at achieving sternal recumbency and standing, and the total recovery duration were not different between groups. Total recovery quality score was not significantly different between groups. Scores for the “sternal phase” were higher (of poorer quality) for M2 but scores in both groups were low. Morphine doses of M2, which are greater than those described previously, do not appear to alter or improve the quality or duration of recovery in horses after surgical anesthesia. The experimental process involved the reaction of N-(2-Bromo-6-fluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine hydrochloride(cas: 65896-14-2).Safety of N-(2-Bromo-6-fluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine hydrochloride

The Article related to morphine sulfate anesthesia horse, anaesthesia, horse, morphine, recovery quality, Pharmacology: Effects Of Nervous System- and Behavior-Affecting Drugs and Neuromuscular Agents and other aspects.Safety of N-(2-Bromo-6-fluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine hydrochloride

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

On September 30, 2009, Leece, Elizabeth A.; Girard, Nicolas M.; Maddern, Kieren published an article.Product Details of 65896-14-2 The title of the article was Alfaxalone in cyclodextrin for induction and maintenance of anesthesia in ponies undergoing field castration. And the article contained the following:

To evaluate the induction and maintenance of anesthesia using alfaxalone following pre-anesthetic medication with romifidine and butorphanol in ponies undergoing castration in the field. Prospective clin. study. Seventeen male ponies weighing 169 卤 29 kg. The ponies were sedated with romifidine and butorphanol i.v. Induction time was recorded following administration of alfaxalone 1 mg/kg-1 and diazepam 0.02 mg kg-1 i.v. If movement during surgery occurred, alfaxalone 0.2 mg kg-1 was administered i.v. The quality of anesthetic induction, and recovery were scored on a subjective scale of 1 (good) to 5 (poor). The number of attempts to attain sternal recumbency and standing, quality of recovery and times from induction to end of surgery, first head lift, sternal recumbency and standing were recorded. Induction quality was good [median score (range) 1 (1-3)] with a mean 卤 SD time of 29 卤 6 s taken to achieve lateral recumbency. Ten ponies required incremental doses of alfaxalone during surgery. Mean times to the end of surgery, first head lift, sternal recumbency and standing were 26 卤 9 min, 31 卤 9 min., 33 卤 9 min and 34 卤 9 min resp. The number of attempts to attain sternal recumbency was 1(1-1) and to attain standing was 1(1-2). Quality of recovery was good, with a recovery score of 1(1-2). Alfaxalone provided smooth induction and recovery characteristics and was considered suitable for maintenance of anesthesia for castration in ponies. The experimental process involved the reaction of N-(2-Bromo-6-fluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine hydrochloride(cas: 65896-14-2).Product Details of 65896-14-2

The Article related to alfaxan romifidine butorphanol cyclodextrin anesthetic anesthesia castration horse, Pharmacology: Effects Of Nervous System- and Behavior-Affecting Drugs and Neuromuscular Agents and other aspects.Product Details of 65896-14-2

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

On March 31, 2013, Ringer, Simone K.; Portier, Karine; Torgerson, Paul R.; Castagno, Rachel; Bettschart-Wolfensberger, Regula published an article.HPLC of Formula: 65896-14-2 The title of the article was The effects of a loading dose followed by constant rate infusion of xylazine compared with romifidine on sedation, ataxia and response to stimuli in horses. And the article contained the following:

Objective: To compare xylazine and romifidine constant rate infusion (CRI) protocols regarding degree of sedation, and effects on postural instability (PI), ataxia during motion (A) and reaction to different stimuli. Study design: Blinded randomized exptl. cross-over study. Animals: Ten adult horses. Methods: Degree of sedation was assessed by head height above ground (HHAG). Effects on PI, A and reaction to visual, tactile and acoustic stimulation were assessed by numerical rating scale (NRS) and by visual analog scale (VAS). After baseline measurements, horses were sedated by i.v. loading doses of xylazine (1 mg kg-1) or romifidine (80 渭g kg-1) administered over 3 min, immediately followed by a CRI of xylazine (0.69 mg kg-1 hour-1) or romifidine (30 渭g kg-1 hour-1) which was administered for 120 min. Degree of sedation, PI, A and reaction to the different stimuli were measured at different time points before, during and for one hour after discontinuing drug administration. Data were analyzed using two-way repeated measures anova, a Generalized Linear Model and a Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test (p < 0.05). Results Significant changes over time were seen for all variables. With xylazine HHAG was significantly lower 10 min after the loading dose, and higher at 150 and 180 min (i.e. after CRI cessation) compared to romifidine. Reaction to acoustic stimulation was significantly more pronounced with xylazine. Reaction to visual stimulation was greater with xylazine at 145 and 175 min. PI was consistently but not significantly greater with xylazine during the first 30 min. Reaction to touch and A did not differ between treatments. Compared to romifidine, horses were more responsive to metallic noise with xylazine. Conclusions: Time to maximal sedation and to recovery were longer with romifidine than with xylazine. Clin. relevance With romifidine sufficient time should be allowed for complete sedation before manipulation. The experimental process involved the reaction of N-(2-Bromo-6-fluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine hydrochloride(cas: 65896-14-2).HPLC of Formula: 65896-14-2

The Article related to sedative xylasol sedivet dose sedation ataxia, constant rate infusion stimulus horse, Pharmacology: Effects Of Nervous System- and Behavior-Affecting Drugs and Neuromuscular Agents and other aspects.HPLC of Formula: 65896-14-2

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

On March 31, 2009, Portier, Karine G.; Jaillardon, Laetitia; Leece, Elizabeth A.; Walsh, Catherine M. published an article.Synthetic Route of 65896-14-2 The title of the article was Castration of horses under total intravenous anaesthesia: analgesic effects of lidocaine. And the article contained the following:

Objective: To evaluate the effects of local anesthesia with lidocaine for castration of horses under i.v. anesthesia. Study design: Prospective, randomized, blinded clin. trial. Animals: Fifteen equidae, scheduled to undergo castration under total i.v. anesthesia, were randomly distributed in two groups. One group received lidocaine injections (group L: two ponies, four horses, two donkeys) and the other received saline (group S: two ponies, three horses, two donkeys). Methods: Behavior, heart rate (HR) and respiratory rate (fR) were evaluated prior to anesthesia. Body mass was measured using an electronic scale and testicular volumes were estimated The animals were anesthetized with acepromazine i.m. and romifidine i.v. followed 10 min later by ketamine. Following romifidine administration lidocaine or saline was administered s.c. along the incision line and by intratesticular and intrafunicular injection. Based on clin. observations (movement, fR, and cranial nerve reflexes) incremental i.v. doses of ketamine and romifidine were administered. HR, fR, oscillometric mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), duration of surgery, movement and addnl. doses were recorded. Surgical conditions were assessed using a visual analog scale (VAS) and a simple descriptive scale (SDS). Recovery was assessed by two assistants, unaware of treatment, acting sep. using a VAS and a SDS. Group means were compared using Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon tests and the Kruskal-Wallis signed rank test for matched pairs used to compare groups at different points (p < 0.05). Results: The number (median, range) of incremental doses (4 [1-5] compared to 1.5 [1-4]) and movements (1 [1-5] compared to 0 [0-1]) were higher (p = 0.01 for both) in the control group than in the lidocaine group. Groups were similar for other recorded variables. Conclusions and clin. relevance: These results show the effectiveness of lidocaine used as a local anesthetic adjunct to i.v. anesthesia in horses undergoing castration. The experimental process involved the reaction of N-(2-Bromo-6-fluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine hydrochloride(cas: 65896-14-2).Synthetic Route of 65896-14-2

The Article related to analgesic lurocaine total intravenous anesthesia calmivet sedivet chlorketam castration, Pharmacology: Effects Of Nervous System- and Behavior-Affecting Drugs and Neuromuscular Agents and other aspects.Synthetic Route of 65896-14-2

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

On July 31, 2012, Pohl, Virginia H.; Carregaro, Adriano B.; Lopes, Carlize; Gehrcke, Martielo I.; Muller, Daniel C. M.; Garlet, Clarissa D. published an article.Formula: C9H10BrClFN3 The title of the article was Epidural anesthesia and postoperatory analgesia with alpha-2 adrenergic agonists and lidocaine for ovariohysterectomy in bitches. And the article contained the following:

The aim of this study was to determine the viability and cardiorespiratory effects of the association of epidural alpha-2 adrenergic agonists and lidocaine for ovariohysterectomy (OH) in bitches. Forty-two bitches were spayed under epidural anesthesia with 2.5 mg/kg body weight (BW) of 1% lidocaine with adrenaline (CON) or in association with 0.25 mg/kg BW of xylazine (XYL), 10 渭g/kg BW of romifidine (ROM), 30 渭g/kg BW of detomidine (DET), 2 渭g/kg BW of dexmedetomidine (DEX), or 5 渭g/kg BW of clonidine (CLO). Heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (fR) and arterial pressures were monitored immediately before and every 10 min after the epidural procedure. Blood gas and pH anal. were done before, and at 30 and 60 min after the epidural procedure. Animals were submitted to isoflurane anesthesia if they presented a slightest sign of discomfort during the procedure. Time of sensory epidural block and postoperative analgesia were evaluated. All animals in CON and DEX, 5 animals in ROM and CLO, 4 animals in XYL, and 3 in DET required supplementary isoflurane. All groups, except CLO, showed a decrease in HR. There was an increase in arterial pressures in all groups. Postoperative analgesia lasted the longest in XYL. None of the protocols were totally efficient to perform the complete procedure of OH; however, xylazine provided longer postoperative analgesia than the others. The experimental process involved the reaction of N-(2-Bromo-6-fluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine hydrochloride(cas: 65896-14-2).Formula: C9H10BrClFN3

The Article related to analgesia analgesic alpha2 adrenergic agonist lidocaine canis, epidural anesthesia ovariohysterectomy surgery, Pharmacology: Effects Of Nervous System- and Behavior-Affecting Drugs and Neuromuscular Agents and other aspects.Formula: C9H10BrClFN3

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

On September 30, 2014, Marly, Charlotte; Bettschart-Wolfensberger, Regula; Nussbaumer, Paeivi; Moine, Sebastien; Ringer, Simone K. published an article.Computed Properties of 65896-14-2 The title of the article was Evaluation of a romifidine constant rate infusion protocol with or without butorphanol for dentistry and ophthalmologic procedures in standing horses. And the article contained the following:

Objective : To compare the clin. usefulness of constant rate infusion (CRI) protocols of romifidine with or without butorphanol for sedation of horses. Study design : Prospective ‘blinded’ controlled trial using block randomization. Animals : Forty healthy Freiberger stallions. Methods : The horses received either i.v. (IV) romifidine (loading dose: 80 渭g kg-1; infusion: 30 渭g kg-1 hour-1) (treatment R,n = 20) or romifidine combined with butorphanol (romifidine loading: 80 渭g kg-1; infusion: 29 渭g kg-1 hour-1, and butorphanol loading: 18 渭g kg-1; infusion: 25 渭g kg-1 hour-1) (treatment RB,n = 20). Twenty-one horses underwent dentistry and ophthalmic procedures, while 19 horses underwent only ophthalmol. procedure and buccal examination During the procedure, physiol. parameters and occurrence of head/muzzle shaking or twitching and forward movement were recorded. Whenever sedation was insufficient, addnl. romifidine (20 渭g kg-1) was administered IV. Recovery time was evaluated by assessing head height above ground. At the end of the procedure, overall quality of sedation for the procedure was scored by the dentist and anesthetist using a visual analog scale. Statistical analyses used two-way anova or linear mixed models as relevant. Results : Sedation quality scores as assessed by the anesthetist were R: median 7.55, range: 4.9-9.0 cm, RB: 8.8, 4.7-10.0 cm, and by the dentist R: 6.6, 3.0-8.2 cm, RB: 7.9, 6.6-8.8 cm. Horses receiving RB showed clin. more effective sedation as demonstrated by fewer poor scores and a tendency to reduced addnl. drug requirements. More horses showed forward movement and head shaking in treatment RB than treatment R. Three horses (two RB, one R) had symptoms of colic following sedation. Conclusions and clin. relevance : The described protocols provide effective sedation under clin. conditions but for dentistry procedures, the addition of butorphanol is advantageous. The experimental process involved the reaction of N-(2-Bromo-6-fluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine hydrochloride(cas: 65896-14-2).Computed Properties of 65896-14-2

The Article related to sedivet alvegesic sedative analgesic sedation horse, butorphanol, constant rate infusion, horse, romifidine, sedation, Pharmacology: Effects Of Nervous System- and Behavior-Affecting Drugs and Neuromuscular Agents and other aspects.Computed Properties of 65896-14-2

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

On May 31, 2009, Schauvliege, Stijn; Van den Eede, Annelies; Duchateau, Luc; Pille, Frederik; Vlaminck, Lieven; Gasthuys, Frank published an article.Recommanded Product: 65896-14-2 The title of the article was Comparison between lithium dilution and pulse contour analysis techniques for cardiac output measurement in isoflurane anaesthetized ponies: influence of different inotropic drugs. And the article contained the following:

Objective: To compare cardiac output (Q虈t) measurements using lithium dilution (LiDCO) and pulse contour anal. (PulseCO) techniques in isoflurane-anesthetized ponies before and during the administration of different inotropic/vasoactive drugs. Study design: Prospective randomized exptl. cross-over trial. Animals: Six ponies aged 5.0 卤 1.6 (4-6.5) years and weighing 286 卤 53 (212-368) kg. Methods: After sedation (romifidine) and induction (midazolam + ketamine), anesthesia was maintained with isoflurane in oxygen. After 90 min (= T0), one of four treatments was administered: saline 0.1 mL kg-1 (S), enoximone 0.5 mg kg-1 IV (E), enoximone followed by dobutamine (0.5 渭g kg-1 minute-1 for 120 min) (ED) or enoximone followed by a calcium chloride infusion (0.5 mg kg-1 minute-1 for 10 min) (EC). Data were recorded for 120 min after T0. The PulseCO (recorded from carotid artery) was calibrated before T0, no further recalibrations were performed. Q虈t was determined with LiDCO (Q虈tLiDCO) and PulseCO (Q虈tPulseCO) simultaneously at T5, T10, T20, T40, T60, T80, T100 and T120. Systemic vascular resistance (SVRLiDCO and SVRPulseCO) were calculated Results: In the saline group, Q虈tPulseCO was 4.9 卤 12.3% lower than LiDCO (p < 0.01), whereas SVRPulseCO was 6.9 卤 14.4% higher than SVRLiDCO (p < 0.01). These differences increased over time (mean 卤 SEM), Q虈t by 0.06 卤 0.03% minute-1 (p = 0.042) and SVR by 0.08 卤 0.03% minute-1 (p = 0.018). Q虈tPulseCO was higher than Q虈tLiDCO in the EC group (1.8 卤 23.3%), but lower than Q虈tLiDCO in groups E (-11.7 卤 20.4%) and ED (-10.0 卤 25.9%) (significant difference between treatments, p < 0.01). The differences in SVR in groups E (20.4 卤 32.0%) and ED (20.7 卤 35.3%) were significantly higher than in groups S (6.9 卤 14.4%) and EC (3.1 卤 22.2%) (p < 0.01). Conclusions and clin. relevance: Pulse contour anal. values deviated significantly from LiDCO measurements in isoflurane-anesthetized ponies. The experimental process involved the reaction of N-(2-Bromo-6-fluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine hydrochloride(cas: 65896-14-2).Recommanded Product: 65896-14-2

The Article related to lithium dilution pulse contour analysis cardiac output anesthetic isoflo, inotropic vasoactive enoximone dobutamine mayne, Pharmacology: Effects Of Nervous System- and Behavior-Affecting Drugs and Neuromuscular Agents and other aspects.Recommanded Product: 65896-14-2

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

On December 31, 2013, Ringer, S. K.; Schwarzwald, C. C.; Portier, K.; Mauch, J.; Ritter, A.; Bettschart-Wolfensberger, R. published an article.Quality Control of N-(2-Bromo-6-fluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine hydrochloride The title of the article was Blood glucose, acid-base and electrolyte changes during loading doses of alpha2-adrenergic agonists followed by constant rate infusions in horses. And the article contained the following:

The aim of the present study was to investigate changes in blood glucose concentration ([Glu]B), acid-base status and electrolyte concentrations during constant rate infusions (CRI) of two alpha2-adrenergic agonists in seven horses treated in a blinded, randomized, crossover design with xylazine or romifidine. An i.v. (IV) bolus of xylazine (1 mg/kg) or romifidine (80 渭g/kg) was administered followed by an IV CRI of xylazine (0.69 mg/kg/h) or romifidine (30 渭g/kg/h) for 2 h. Blood samples were collected from the pulmonary artery before and after loading doses, during the CRI, and for 1 h after discontinuing drugs.Blood glucose, base excess (BE), pH, partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PvCO2), strong ion difference (SIDest) and bicarbonate concentration ([HCO3std-]B) increased significantly during the CRI with both alpha2-adrenergic agonists. Chloride concentration ([Cl-]B) and anion-gap (AG) decreased significantly compared to baseline. The decrease in sodium concentration ([Na+]B) was only significant with xylazine. From 1 h after starting the CRI onwards, [Glu]B was significantly higher with romifidine compared to xylazine. Except [Glu]B, SIDest, and PvCO2, all variables returned to normal values 1 h after discontinuing xylazine. After stopping romifidine, all variables except pH remained altered for at least 1 h.It was concluded that loading doses of alpha2-adrenergic agonists followed by CRIs produce [Glu]B, acid-base and electrolyte changes. The clin. significance of the reported changes remains to be investigated and absolute values should be interpreted with caution, as fluid boli were used for cardiac output measurements, but may become important during prolonged infusion and in critically ill patients. The experimental process involved the reaction of N-(2-Bromo-6-fluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine hydrochloride(cas: 65896-14-2).Quality Control of N-(2-Bromo-6-fluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine hydrochloride

The Article related to anesthetic adrenergic agonist glucose base excess electrolyte horse, acid-base, electrolytes, glucose, romifidine, xylazine, Pharmacology: Effects Of Nervous System- and Behavior-Affecting Drugs and Neuromuscular Agents and other aspects.Quality Control of N-(2-Bromo-6-fluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine hydrochloride

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

On April 17, 1986, Kern, Otto; Wilhelm, Franz published a patent.Safety of N-(2-Bromo-6-fluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine hydrochloride The title of the patent was Sedative. And the patent contained the following:

2-[(2-Bromo-6-fluorophenyl)imino]imidazolidine and its salts are veterinary sedatives with analgesic and bradycardiac activity. The experimental process involved the reaction of N-(2-Bromo-6-fluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine hydrochloride(cas: 65896-14-2).Safety of N-(2-Bromo-6-fluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine hydrochloride

The Article related to bromofluorophenyliminoimidazolidine sedative analgesic, imidazolidine bromofluorophenylimino sedative analgesic, bradycardiac bromofluorophenyliminoimidazolidine, Pharmacology: Effects Of Nervous System- and Behavior-Affecting Drugs and Neuromuscular Agents and other aspects.Safety of N-(2-Bromo-6-fluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine hydrochloride

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Misztal, Tomasz; Kowalczyk, Pawel; Mlotkowska, Patrycja; Marciniak, Elzbieta published an article in 2020, the title of the article was The effect of allopregnanolone on enzymatic activity of the DNA base excision repair pathway in the sheep hippocampus and amygdala under natural and stressful conditions.Reference of Imidazo[1,2-c]pyrimidin-5(6H)-one And the article contains the following content:

The neurosteroid allopregnanolone (AL) has many beneficial functions in the brain. This study tested the hypothesis that AL administered for three days into the third brain ventricle would affect the enzymic activity of the DNA base excision repair (BER) pathway in the hippocampal CA1 and CA3 fields and the central amygdala in luteal-phase sheep under both natural and stressful conditions. Acute stressful stimuli, including isolation and partial movement restriction, were used on the last day of infusion. The results showed that stressful stimuli increased N-methylpurine DNA glycosylase (MPG), thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG), 8-oxoguanine glycosylase (OGG1), and AP-endonuclease 1 (APE1) mRNA expression, as well as repair activities for 1,N6 -ethenoadenine (蔚A), 3,N4 -ethenocytosine (蔚C), and 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG) compared to controls. The stimulated events were lower in stressed and AL-treated sheep compared to sheep that were only stressed (except MPG mRNA expression in the CA1 and amygdala, as well as TDG mRNA expression in the CA1). AL alone reduced mRNA expression of all DNA repair enzymes (except TDG in the amygdala) relative to controls and other groups. DNA repair activities varied depending on the tissue-AL alone stimulated the excision of 蔚A in the amygdala, 蔚C in the CA3 and amygdala, and 8-oxoG in all tissues studied compared to controls. However, the excision efficiency of lesioned bases in the AL group was lower than in the stressed and stressed and AL-treated groups, with the exception of 蔚A in the amygdala. In conclusion, the presented modulating effect of AL on the synthesis of BER pathway enzymes and their repair capacity, both under natural and stressful conditions, indicates another functional role of this neurosteroid in brain structures. The experimental process involved the reaction of Imidazo[1,2-c]pyrimidin-5(6H)-one(cas: 55662-66-3).Reference of Imidazo[1,2-c]pyrimidin-5(6H)-one

The Article related to allopregnanolone neuroprotectant dna base excision repair psychol stress, dna glycosylases, allopregnanolone, amygdala, base excision repair, hippocampus, stress, Pharmacology: Effects Of Nervous System- and Behavior-Affecting Drugs and Neuromuscular Agents and other aspects.Reference of Imidazo[1,2-c]pyrimidin-5(6H)-one

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem