Month: January 2023

Uncoupling of photophosphorylation by 2-alkylbenzimidazoles was written by Trebst, A.;Pistorius, E.;Buechel, K. H.. And the article was included in Zeitschrift fuer Naturforschung, Teil B: Anorganische Chemie, Organische Chemie, Biochemie, Biophysik, Biologie in 1966.Recommanded Product: 13060-24-7 This article mentions the following:

2-Alkylbenzimidazoles exhibited little or no inhibition of the Hill reaction in isolated spinach chloroplasts, but were effective uncouplers of photophosphorylation. 2-Alkylbenzimidazoles, with side chains, of from 8 to 14 C atoms, uncoupled noncyclic and cyclic photophosphorylation at <10^-5M. 2-Decylbenzimidazole was the most potent uncoupler. 2-Undecylbenzimidazole stimulated the Hill reaction in the absence of the phosphorylation system and shifted the pH optimum to a lower value. 25 references. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Octylbenzimidazole (cas: 13060-24-7Recommanded Product: 13060-24-7).

2-Octylbenzimidazole (cas: 13060-24-7) belongs to imidazole derivatives. Many natural products, especially alkaloids, contain the imidazole ring. These imidazoles share the 1,3-C3N2 ring but feature varied substituents. Imidazole based anticancer drug find applications in cancer chemotherapy. It is used as buffer component for purification of the histidine tagged recombinant proteins in immobilized metal-affinity chromatography (IMAC).Recommanded Product: 13060-24-7

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Green synthesis of acetylated maize starch in different imidazolium carboxylate and choline carboxylate ionic liquids was written by Ren, Fei;Wang, Jinwei;Yu, Jinglin;Zhong, Cheng;Xie, Fengwei;Wang, Shujun. And the article was included in Carbohydrate Polymers in 2022.Recommanded Product: 79917-89-8 This article mentions the following:

This work demonstrates that acetylated maize starches (AMS) with varied degree of substitution (DS, 0.26-2.63) was synthesized in ionic liquids (ILs) (imidazolium chloride, imidazolium carboxylate and choline carboxylate) at 85°C without catalyst. The DS of AMS and reaction efficiency increased with decreasing alkyl chain length of cations or anions, while decreased as the choline cation replaced the imidazolium cation and the chloride anion replaced the acetate anion. The AMS synthesized in imidazolium-based ILs exhibited much higher hydrophobicity and thermal stability than the native starch. Rheol. properties of ILs and ATR-FTIR anal. of acetic anhydride/ILs mixtures indicated that a shorter alkyl side chain or the combination of an imidazolium cation and an acetate anion gave ILs lower viscosities and weaker interactions between acetic anhydride mols., which favored the acetylation of starch. These findings provide insights into the design of green processes to modify starch and the application of acetylated starch. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Methyl-3-propylimidazolium Chloride (cas: 79917-89-8Recommanded Product: 79917-89-8).

1-Methyl-3-propylimidazolium Chloride (cas: 79917-89-8) belongs to imidazole derivatives. 1H-imidazole is an imidazole tautomer which has the migrating hydrogen at position 1. It is a conjugate base of an imidazolium cation. It is a conjugate acid of an imidazolide. It is a tautomer of a 4H-imidazole. The pharmacophore of imidazole exists in bioactive compounds including amino acids, plant growth regulators and therapeutic agents.n increase of the alkyl chain length of the alcohols. Recommanded Product: 79917-89-8

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Synthesis of Well-Defined Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose Oligomers was written by Kistemaker, Hans A. V.;Lameijer, Lucien N.;Meeuwenoord, Nico J.;Overkleeft, Herman S.;van der Marel, Gijsbert A.;Filippov, Dmitri V.. And the article was included in Angewandte Chemie, International Edition in 2015.Recommanded Product: 1-Methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium chloride This article mentions the following:

The post-translational modification of proteins that is known as ADP ribosylation (ADPr) regulates a wide variety of important biol. processes, such as DNA-damage repair and cellular metabolism This modification is also involved in carcinogenesis and the process of aging. Therefore, a better understanding of the function of ADP-ribosylation is crucial for the development of novel therapeutics. To facilitate the elucidation of the biol. of ADPr, the availability of well-defined fragments of poly(ADP-ribose) is essential. Herein we report a solid-phase synthetic approach for the preparation of ADP-ribose oligomers of exactly defined length. The methodol. is exemplified by the first reported synthesis of an ADP-ribose dimer and trimer. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium chloride (cas: 35487-17-3Recommanded Product: 1-Methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium chloride).

1-Methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium chloride (cas: 35487-17-3) belongs to imidazole derivatives. Many natural products, especially alkaloids, contain the imidazole ring. These imidazoles share the 1,3-C3N2 ring but feature varied substituents. Imidazole also acts as a microtubule destabilizing agents and inhibits topoisomerase and Cytochrome P450 Family 26 Subfamily A Member 1 (CYP26A1) enzymes.Recommanded Product: 1-Methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium chloride

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Evaluation of lophine derivatives as chemiluminogens by a flow-injection method was written by Nakashima, Kenichiro;Yamasaki, Hiromi;Kuroda, Naotaka;Akiyama, Shuzo. And the article was included in Analytica Chimica Acta in 1995.Quality Control of 4-(4,5-Diphenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzoic acid This article mentions the following:

A rapid and convenient method for the evaluation of lophine (2,4,5-triphenylimidazole) derivatives as to their chemiluminescence efficiency was developed by using a flow-injection technique. Standard solutions of lophine derivatives were injected into a flow line containing a carrier solution (1.5 × 10^-4 M cobalt(II) containing 0.2% hydroxylammonium chloride in 75% methanol), which was successively combined with a flow line containing 100 mM hydrogen peroxide in H₂O and a flow line containing 1.0M KOH in H₂O, and the chemiluminescence generated was monitored. Addition of hydroxylammonium chloride into a carrier solution resulted in a significant increase in chemiluminescence. Calibration graphs for eighteen derivatives were prepared and the relative chemiluminescence intensities were estimated from the slopes of these graphs. Among the derivatives, the compounds substituted by OMe at the 2- and 3-positions, and COOH, COCl, CONHNH₂ and CONHNHCO(CH₂)₄Me at the 4-position on the Ph ring at the 2-position of the imidazole skeleton showed large chemiluminescence intensities which are comparable to that of lophine. The detection limit of lophine was 72 fmol per injection at a signal-to-noise ratio of 2. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-(4,5-Diphenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzoic acid (cas: 5496-35-5Quality Control of 4-(4,5-Diphenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzoic acid).

4-(4,5-Diphenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzoic acid (cas: 5496-35-5) belongs to imidazole derivatives. Among the different heterocyclic compounds, imidazole is better known due to its broad range of chemical and biological properties. Imidazole has become an important synthon in the development of new drugs. Imidazole also acts as a microtubule destabilizing agents and inhibits topoisomerase and Cytochrome P450 Family 26 Subfamily A Member 1 (CYP26A1) enzymes.Quality Control of 4-(4,5-Diphenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzoic acid

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of naphthalene-derived (arylalkyl)azoles containing heterocyclic linkers as new anticonvulsants: A comprehensive in silico, in vitro, and in vivo study was written by Valipour, Mehdi;Naderi, Nima;Heidarli, Elmira;Shaki, Fatemeh;Motafeghi, Farzaneh;Talebpour Amiri, Fereshteh;Emami, Saeed;Irannejad, Hamid. And the article was included in European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences in 2021.Name: 1-Methylbenzimidazole This article mentions the following:

In continuation of our research to find strong and safe anticonvulsant agents, a number of (arylalkyl)azoles (AAAs) containing naphthylthiazole and naphthyloxazole scaffolds were designed and synthesized. The in vivo anticonvulsant evaluations in BALB/c mice revealed that some of them had significant anticonvulsant activity in both maximal electroshock (MES) and pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) models of epilepsy. The best profile of activity was observed with compounds containing imidazole and triazole rings (C1, C6, G1, and G6). In particular, imidazolylmethyl-thiazole C1 with median ED (ED₅₀)= 7.9 mg/kg in the MES test, ED₅₀= 27.9 mg/kg in PTZ test, and without any sign of neurotoxicity (in the rotarod test, 100 mg/kg) was the most promising compound The patch-clamp recording was performed to study the mechanism of action of the representative compound C1 on hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) cells. The results did not confirm any modulatory effect of C1 on the voltage-gated ion channels (VGICs) or GABA_A agonism, but suggested a significant reduction of excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) frequency on hippocampal DG neurons. Sub-acute toxicity studies revealed that administration of the most active compounds (C1, C6, G1, and G6) at 100 mg/kg bw/day for two weeks did not result in any mortality or significant toxicity as evaluated by assessment of biochem. markers such as lipid peroxidation, intracellular glutathione, total antioxidant capacity, histopathol. changes, and mitochondrial functions. Other pharmacol. aspects of compounds including mechanistic and ADME properties were investigated computationally and/or exptl. Mol. docking on the NMDA and AMPA targets suggested that the introduction of the heterocyclic ring in the middle of AAAs significantly affects the affinity of the compounds The obtained results totally demonstrated that the prototype compound C1 can be considered as a new lead for the development of anticonvulsant agents. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Methylbenzimidazole (cas: 1632-83-3Name: 1-Methylbenzimidazole).

1-Methylbenzimidazole (cas: 1632-83-3) belongs to imidazole derivatives. Many natural products, especially alkaloids, contain the imidazole ring. These imidazoles share the 1,3-C3N2 ring but feature varied substituents. Imidazole is incorporated into many important biological compounds. The most pervasive is the amino acid histidine, which has an imidazole side-chain. Histidine is present in many proteins and enzymes, e.g. by binding metal cofactors, as seen in hemoglobin.Name: 1-Methylbenzimidazole

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Photoinduced Heterogeneous C-H Arylation by a Reusable Hybrid Copper Catalyst was written by Choi, Isaac;Mueller, Valentin;Lole, Gaurav;Koehler, Robert;Karius, Volker;Vioel, Wolfgang;Jooss, Christian;Ackermann, Lutz. And the article was included in Chemistry – A European Journal in 2020.Application of 1632-83-3 This article mentions the following:

Heterogeneous copper catalysis enabled photoinduced C-H arylations of heteroarenes with aryl halides under exceedingly mild conditions at room temperature to afford aryl heteroarenes such as I [R = H, 6-OMe, 5-Cl, etc.; Ar = Ph, 4-MeC₆H₄, 2-MeOC₆H₄, etc.; X = O, S, NMe]. The hybrid copper catalyst could be reused without significant loss of catalytic efficacy. Detailed studies in terms of TEM, HRTEM and XPS anal. of the hybrid copper catalyst, among others, supported its outstanding stability and reusability. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Methylbenzimidazole (cas: 1632-83-3Application of 1632-83-3).

1-Methylbenzimidazole (cas: 1632-83-3) belongs to imidazole derivatives. Among the different heterocyclic compounds, imidazole is better known due to its broad range of chemical and biological properties. Imidazole has become an important synthon in the development of new drugs. Imidazole is incorporated into many important biological compounds. The most pervasive is the amino acid histidine, which has an imidazole side-chain. Histidine is present in many proteins and enzymes, e.g. by binding metal cofactors, as seen in hemoglobin.Application of 1632-83-3

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Synthesis of 2,3-dichloropropionitrile from chlorination of acrylonitrile catalyzed by ionic liquids was written by Li, Xuehui;Zheng, Binguo;Zhao, Jinggan. And the article was included in Cuihua Xuebao in 2006.Safety of 1-Methyl-3-propylimidazolium Chloride This article mentions the following:

Ionic liquids formed by imidazolium and pyridinium cations with Cl^–, Br^–, BF^–₄, and PF^–₆ anions were used for the catalytic synthesis of 2,3-dichloropropionitrile by the chlorination of acrylonitrile. The ionic liquids containing Cl^– and Br^– show good catalytic properties. The Cl^– and Br^– ions act as strong Lewis bases and mol. chlorine is activated by the induction effect of Cl^– and Br^–. Due to the stronger steric hindrance effect of the BF^–₄ and PF^–₆ anions, the chlorination of acrylonitrile is limited in the ionic liquids containing BF^–₄ and PF^–₆ anions. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Methyl-3-propylimidazolium Chloride (cas: 79917-89-8Safety of 1-Methyl-3-propylimidazolium Chloride).

1-Methyl-3-propylimidazolium Chloride (cas: 79917-89-8) belongs to imidazole derivatives. 1H-imidazole is an imidazole tautomer which has the migrating hydrogen at position 1. It is a conjugate base of an imidazolium cation. It is a conjugate acid of an imidazolide. It is a tautomer of a 4H-imidazole. Many drugs contain an imidazole ring, such as certain antifungal drugs, the nitroimidazole series of antibiotics, and the sedative midazolam.Safety of 1-Methyl-3-propylimidazolium Chloride

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Gemini imidazolium salts comprising Cl^–, BF^–₄, PF^–₆, AuCl^–₄ counterions: synthesis, thermotropic liquid crystal study and use of AuCl^–₄ salt precursor to AuNPs was written by Huang, Roy T. W.;Rondla, Rohini;Wang, Wen-Jwu;Lin, Ivan J. B.. And the article was included in Journal of Molecular Liquids in 2017.Application In Synthesis of 1-Octyl-1H-imidazole This article mentions the following:

The synthesis and thermotropic liquid crystal (LC) properties of gemini imidazolium salts comprising Cl^–, BF^–₄, PF^–₆, AuCl^–₄ counter anions, varied alkenyl spacer lengths and terminal alkyl chains are described. LC properties are investigated by differential scanning calorimetry, polarizing optical microscopy, and powder X-ray diffraction studies. It should be noted that, salts of short spacers favor the formation of mesophase. A SmA with wide mesophase range and high thermal stability are identified. The Cl^– salts have shown an odd-even effect on phase transition temperatures as the length and parity of the spacer is varied. The use of [(CH₂)₄(C₁₈-Im)₂][AuCl₄]₂ salt as precursor for the fabrication of Au nano/micro particles via chem. reduction, photo irradiation, and thermolysis methods is presented. A clear vision of morphol. change is observed in Au structures by varying the reduction method, however the mesophase does not control over the size and morphol. of Au particles in the thermolysis method. The colloidal AuNPs prepared in this study showed remarkable stability for over six months. These results offer great insight into the counter anion and spacer effects on LC nature of gemini Im salts, which broadens the scientific understanding to develop advanced soft materials. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Octyl-1H-imidazole (cas: 21252-69-7Application In Synthesis of 1-Octyl-1H-imidazole).

1-Octyl-1H-imidazole (cas: 21252-69-7) belongs to imidazole derivatives. Among the different heterocyclic compounds, imidazole is better known due to its broad range of chemical and biological properties. Imidazole has become an important synthon in the development of new drugs. This ring system is present in important biological building blocks, such as histidine and the related hormone histamine.Application In Synthesis of 1-Octyl-1H-imidazole

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Azobenzene-Based Organic Salts with Ionic Liquid and Liquid Crystalline Properties was written by Stappert, Kathrin;Muthmann, Johanna;Spielberg, Eike T.;Mudring, Anja-Verena. And the article was included in Crystal Growth & Design in 2015.Related Products of 21252-69-7 This article mentions the following:

Two sets of new azobenzene-based bromide salts are synthesized, and their thermal photochromic properties are studied. Both sets are based on the imidazolium cation. The first set (1) features a sym. biscation where two imidazolium head groups (Im) with different alkyl chains (Cn) are connected to a central azobenzene unit (Azo): [Azo(C1-Im-Cn)₂]; n = 6, 8, 10, 12, 14. The other one contains an n-alkyl-imidazolium cation (Cn-Im) bearing a terminal azobenzene unit (C1-Azo) substituted with an alkoxy chain (O-Cm) of either two (2) or six (3) carbon atoms: [C1-Azo-O-Cm-Im-Cn]; m = 2, n = 8, 10, 12 and m = 6, n = 8, 10, 12, 14, 16. For both cation classes, the influence of alkyl chains of varying length on the thermal phase behavior was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and polarizing optical microscopy (POM). For five compounds (Azo(-C1-Im-C12)₂ (1d), Azo(-C1-Im-C12)₂ (1e), C1-Azo-O-C2-Im-C10 (2b), C1-Azo-O-C2-Im-C12 (2c), and C1-Azo-O-C6-Im-C16 (3e)), the formation of a liquid crystalline phase was observed The biscationic salts (1) are all comparatively high melting organic salts (180-240 °C), and only the two representatives with long alkylchains (C12 and C14) exhibit liquid crystallinity. The monocationic salts with an O-C2 bridge (2) melt between 140 and 170 °C depending on the alkyl chain length, but from an alkyl chain of 10 and more carbon atoms on they form a smectic A liquid crystalline phase. The representatives of the third set with a O-C6 bridge qualify as ionic liquids with m.ps. less than 100 °C. However, only the representative with a hexadecyl chain forms a liquid crystalline phase. Representative single crystals for all sets of cations could be grown that allowed for single crystal structure anal. Together with small-angle X-ray scattering experiments they allow for a more detailed understanding of the thermal properties. Through irradiation with UV-light (320-366 nm) all compounds undergo trans-cis isomerization, which reverses under visible light (440 nm). In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Octyl-1H-imidazole (cas: 21252-69-7Related Products of 21252-69-7).

1-Octyl-1H-imidazole (cas: 21252-69-7) belongs to imidazole derivatives. Imidazole is a heterocyclic compound with a five-membered planar ring. It is amphoteric and highly polar. This ring system is present in important biological building blocks, such as histidine and the related hormone histamine.Related Products of 21252-69-7

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Interionic Interactions in Imidazolic Ionic Liquids Probed by Soft X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy was written by Rodrigues, Fabio;Galante, Douglas;do Nascimento, Gustavo M.;Santos, Paulo S.. And the article was included in Journal of Physical Chemistry B in 2012.Quality Control of 1-Methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium chloride This article mentions the following:

This work studies pure ionic liquids (ILs) derived from an imidazolium ring with different carbonic chains and halides or bis(trifluoromethanesulfonilimide) (TFSI^–) as anions, using x-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES) at different energies (N, S, O, F, and Cl edges) to probe the interionic interactions. XANES data show that the interaction with the anion is weaker when the cation is an imidazolium than when the salt is formed by smaller cations, as Li, independently of the length of the carbonic chain attached to the imidazolium cation. Also for all studied ILs, it is not observed any influence of the anion on the XANES spectra of the cation, nor the opposite. 1-Methylimidazolium with Cl^–, a small and strongly coordinating anion, presents in the N K XANES spectrum a splitting of the band corresponding to N in the imidazolic ring, indicating two different chem. environments. For this cation with TFSI^–, on the contrary, this splitting was not observed, showing that the anion has a weaker interaction with the imidazolic ring, even without a lateral carbonic chain. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium chloride (cas: 35487-17-3Quality Control of 1-Methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium chloride).

1-Methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium chloride (cas: 35487-17-3) belongs to imidazole derivatives. Imidazole is a heterocyclic compound with a five-membered planar ring. It is amphoteric and highly polar. Imidazole also acts as a microtubule destabilizing agents and inhibits topoisomerase and Cytochrome P450 Family 26 Subfamily A Member 1 (CYP26A1) enzymes.Quality Control of 1-Methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium chloride

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem