Month: January 2023

Tunable Cysteine-Targeting Electrophilic Heteroaromatic Warheads Induce Ferroptosis was written by Karaj, Endri;Sindi, Shaimaa H.;Kuganesan, Nishanth;Perera, Lalith;Taylor, William;Tillekeratne, L. M. Viranga. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2022.Synthetic Route of C8H8N2 This article mentions the following:

Once considered potential liabilities, the modern era witnesses a renaissance of interest in covalent inhibitors in drug discovery. The available toolbox of electrophilic warheads is limited by constraints on tuning reactivity and selectivity. Following our work on a class of ferroptotic agents termed CETZOLEs, we discovered new tunable heterocyclic electrophiles which are capable of inducing ferroptosis. The biol. evaluation demonstrated that thiazoles with an alkyne electrophile at the 2-position selectively induce ferroptosis with high potency. D. functional theory calculations and NMR kinetic studies demonstrated the ability of our heterocycles to undergo thiol addition, an apparent prerequisite for cytotoxicity. Chemoproteomic anal. indicated several potential targets, the most prominent among them being GPX4 protein. These results were further validated by western blot anal. and the cellular thermal shift assay. Incorporation of these heterocycles into appropriate pharmacophores generated highly cytotoxic agents such as the analog BCP-T.A (I), with low nM IC₅₀ values in ferroptosis-sensitive cell lines. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Methylbenzimidazole (cas: 1632-83-3Synthetic Route of C8H8N2).

1-Methylbenzimidazole (cas: 1632-83-3) belongs to imidazole derivatives. The solubility of imidazoles in ethers is lower than that in alcohols and decreases with increasing chain length of the ethers . In contrast, the solubility of benzimidazoles in alcohols (C3–C6) is higher than in water and generally decreases with a Imidazole derivatives have antibacterial, antifungal and anticancer functionality. It interacts with DNA and also binds to protein and stops cell division.Synthetic Route of C8H8N2

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Chemo-Immunotherapeutic Antimalarials Targeting Isoprenoid Biosynthesis was written by Zhang, Yonghui;Zhu, Wei;Liu, Yi-Liang;Wang, Hong;Wang, Ke;Li, Kai;No, Joo Hwan;Ayong, Lawrence;Gulati, Anmol;Pang, Ran;Freitas-Junior, Lucio;Morita, Craig T.;Oldfield, Eric. And the article was included in ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters in 2013.Computed Properties of C11H20N2 This article mentions the following:

We synthesized 30 lipophilic bisphosphonates and tested them in malaria parasite killing (targeting parasite geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase, GGPPS) and human γδ T cell activation (targeting human farnesyl diphosphate synthase, FPPS). Similar patterns of activity were seen in inhibiting human FPPS and Plasmodium GGPPS, with short to medium chain-length species having most activity. In cells, shorter chain-length species had low activity, due to poor membrane permeability, and longer chain length species were poor enzyme inhibitors. Optimal activity was thus seen with ∼C₁₀ side-chains, which have the best combination of enzyme inhibition and cell penetration. We also solved the crystal structure of one potent inhibitor, bound to FPPS. The results are of interest since they suggest the possibility of a combined chemo/immuno-therapeutic approach to antimalarial development in which both direct parasite killing and γδ T cell activation can be achieved with a single compound In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Octyl-1H-imidazole (cas: 21252-69-7Computed Properties of C11H20N2).

1-Octyl-1H-imidazole (cas: 21252-69-7) belongs to imidazole derivatives. Many natural products, especially alkaloids, contain the imidazole ring. These imidazoles share the 1,3-C3N2 ring but feature varied substituents. Imidazole has been usedin the lysis, wash and elution buffer for the purification of histidine tagged Sonic Hedgehog(shh-N) protein, in elution buffer in stepwise gradient for the purification of histidine tagged aldo keto reductases using nickel affinity chromatography, as a component of homogenization buffer for the purification of phagosomal compartments from dendritic cells.Computed Properties of C11H20N2

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Development and evaluation of floating microspheres containing candesartan cilexetil was written by Madhuri, Md;Manjunath, K.;Kulkarni, Suresh V.. And the article was included in American Journal of PharmTech Research in 2019.Recommanded Product: 145040-37-5 This article mentions the following:

The aim of the present study is to develop and evaluate floating microspheres containing candesartan cilexetil in order to achieve extended release of drug and thereby to enhance the patient compliance. Floating microspheres were prepared by using solvent evaporation method. The microspheres were formulated using different polymers like Et cellulose, HPMC K4M and eudragit RSPO 100 in different concentrations and combinations. The prepared floating microspheres were characterized for their percentage yield (95.44 – 98.52%), drug entrapment efficiencies (71.52 – 97.87%) and percentage buoyancy (93.45 – 98.66%). The FTIR and DSC studies revealed absence of interactions between drug and selected polymers. In vitro release studies were performed in 0.1 N HCl which showed a drug release of 97.62% at 24 h in case of formulation (F7). Fitting the in vitro drug release data to Korsmeyer equation indicated that Fickian diffusion is the mechanism of drug release. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(((Cyclohexyloxy)carbonyl)oxy)ethyl 1-((2′-(2H-tetrazol-5-yl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)methyl)-2-ethoxy-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-7-carboxylate (cas: 145040-37-5Recommanded Product: 145040-37-5).

1-(((Cyclohexyloxy)carbonyl)oxy)ethyl 1-((2′-(2H-tetrazol-5-yl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)methyl)-2-ethoxy-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-7-carboxylate (cas: 145040-37-5) belongs to imidazole derivatives. Many natural products, especially alkaloids, contain the imidazole ring. These imidazoles share the 1,3-C3N2 ring but feature varied substituents. Imidazole has been usedin the lysis, wash and elution buffer for the purification of histidine tagged Sonic Hedgehog(shh-N) protein, in elution buffer in stepwise gradient for the purification of histidine tagged aldo keto reductases using nickel affinity chromatography, as a component of homogenization buffer for the purification of phagosomal compartments from dendritic cells.Recommanded Product: 145040-37-5

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Synthesis and characterization of some new polyhydrazides by direct polycondensation in ionic liquid was written by Adbolmaleki, Amir. And the article was included in Iranian Polymer Journal in 2007.Quality Control of 1-Methyl-3-propylimidazolium Chloride This article mentions the following:

A series of new polyhydrazides were obtained by direct polycondensation of 4,4′-diphenyl sulfone dicarboxylic acid with dihydrazides in ionic liquids (ILs) as a new class of solvents which have interesting properties such as nonvolatility, high ionic concentration, good thermal stability and non-flammability. Direct polycondensation is successfully proceeded in ILs and tri-Ph phosphite (condensing agent), without any addnl. components, such as LiCl and pyridine. Therefore IL can act as both solvent and catalyst. In this investigation high mol. weight polyhydrazides have been synthesized and their properties such as solubility, and thermal stability were studied. The resulting hydrazide containing polymers exhibited inherent viscosities in 0.26-0.73 dL/g range. All polymers were soluble in polar solvents such as N-Me pyrrolidone and DMSO. The polyhydrazides had glass-transition temperatures (T_g) between 165-210°C. They could be thermally converted into the corresponding poly(1,3,4-oxadiazole)s approx. in the region of 210-330°C, as evidenced by the TGA thermograms. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Methyl-3-propylimidazolium Chloride (cas: 79917-89-8Quality Control of 1-Methyl-3-propylimidazolium Chloride).

1-Methyl-3-propylimidazolium Chloride (cas: 79917-89-8) belongs to imidazole derivatives. Imidazole derivatives generally have good solubility in protic solvents. Simple imidazole derivatives, such as 1H-imidazole, 2-methyl-1H-imidazole, and 1,2-dimethylimidazole, have very high solubility in water. Imidazole based anticancer drug find applications in cancer chemotherapy. It is used as buffer component for purification of the histidine tagged recombinant proteins in immobilized metal-affinity chromatography (IMAC).Quality Control of 1-Methyl-3-propylimidazolium Chloride

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Discovery and characterization of benzyloxy piperidine based dopamine 4 receptor antagonists was written by Tolentino, Kirsten T.;Mashinson, Viktoriya;Vadukoot, Anish K.;Hopkins, Corey R.. And the article was included in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters in 2022.SDS of cas: 58442-17-4 This article mentions the following:

The dopamine receptor 4 (D4R) is highly expressed in both motor, associative and limbic subdivisions of the cortico-basal ganglia network. Due to the distribution in the brain, there is mounting evidence pointing to a role for the D4R in the modulation of this network and its subsequent involvement in L-DOPA induced dyskinesias in Parkinson′s disease. As part of our continued effort in the discovery of novel D4R antagonists, we report the discovery and characterization of a new 3- or 4-benzyloxypiperidine scaffold as D4R antagonists. We report several D4R selective compounds (>30-fold vs. other dopamine receptor subtypes) with improved in vitro and in vivo stability over previously reported D4R antagonists. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1H-Benzimidazole-5-carbaldehyde (cas: 58442-17-4SDS of cas: 58442-17-4).

1H-Benzimidazole-5-carbaldehyde (cas: 58442-17-4) belongs to imidazole derivatives. Imidazole derivatives generally have good solubility in protic solvents. Simple imidazole derivatives, such as 1H-imidazole, 2-methyl-1H-imidazole, and 1,2-dimethylimidazole, have very high solubility in water. The pharmacophore of imidazole exists in bioactive compounds including amino acids, plant growth regulators and therapeutic agents.n increase of the alkyl chain length of the alcohols. SDS of cas: 58442-17-4

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Reductive cyclization of o-phenylenediamine with CO₂ and BH₃NH₃ to synthesize 1H-benzoimidazole derivatives was written by Li, Xiao;Zhang, Junhua;Yang, Yue;Hong, Hailong;Han, Limin;Zhu, Ning. And the article was included in Journal of Organometallic Chemistry in 2021.Quality Control of 1-Methylbenzimidazole This article mentions the following:

A simple and green protocol was developed for the reductive cyclization of o-phenylenediamine with CO₂ and BH₃NH₃ to yield 1H-benzimidazole. The desired 1H-benzimidazole derivatives were produced under mild conditions. Mechanism investigation indicated that the coordination of o-phenylenediamine with the boron atom of BH₃NH₃ promoted the transfer of the formyl group to form a stable intermediate, which facilitated the intramol. nucleophilic addition-elimination for the formation of target product. In this process, BH₃NH₃ served multifunctional roles, acting as a reducing agent and a formylation catalyst. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Methylbenzimidazole (cas: 1632-83-3Quality Control of 1-Methylbenzimidazole).

1-Methylbenzimidazole (cas: 1632-83-3) belongs to imidazole derivatives. Many natural products, especially alkaloids, contain the imidazole ring. These imidazoles share the 1,3-C3N2 ring but feature varied substituents. Many drugs contain an imidazole ring, such as certain antifungal drugs, the nitroimidazole series of antibiotics, and the sedative midazolam.Quality Control of 1-Methylbenzimidazole

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Phase Equilibrium Investigation on 2-Phenylethanol in Binary and Ternary Systems: Influence of High Pressure on Density and Solid-Liquid Phase Equilibrium was written by Domanska, Urszula;Krolikowski, Marek;Wlazlo, Michal;Wieckowski, Mikolaj. And the article was included in Journal of Physical Chemistry B in 2018.Formula: C18H31F6N3O4S2 This article mentions the following:

Ionic liquids (ILs) are important new solvents proposed for applications in different separation processes. Herein, an idea of possible use of high pressure in a general strategy of production of 2-phenylethanol (PEA) is discussed. In this work, we present the influence of pressure on the d. in binary systems of 1-hexyl-1-methylpyrrolidynium bis{(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl}imide, [HMPYR][NTf₂], or 1-dodecyl-3-methylimidazolium bis{(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl}imide, [DoMIM][NTf₂] + PEA in a wide range of temperatures (298.15-348.15 K) and pressures (0.1-40 MPa). The densities at ambient and high pressures are measured to present the physicochem. properties of the ILs used in the process of separation of PEA from aqueous phase. The Tait equation was used for the correlation of d. of one-component and two-component systems as a function of mole fraction, temperature, and pressure. The influence of pressure is not significant. These systems exhibit mainly neg. molar excess volumes, V^E. The solid-liquid phase equilibrium (SLE) of [DoMIM][NTf₂] in PEA at atm. pressure was measured and compared to the SLE high-pressure results. Addnl., the ternary liquid-liquid phase equilibrium (LLE) at ambient pressure in the {[DoMIM][NTf₂] (1) + PEA (2) + water (3)} at temperature T = 308.15 K was investigated. The solubility of water in the [DoMIM][NTf₂] is quite high in comparison with that measured by us earlier for ILs (x₃ = 0.403) at T = 308.15 K, which results in not very successful average selectivity of extraction of PEA from the aqueous phase. The [DoMIM][NTf₂] has shown strong interaction with PEA without the immiscibility region. The ternary system revealed Treybal’s type phase equilibrium in which two partially miscible binaries ([DoMIM][NTf₂] + water) and (PEA + water) exist. From the results of LLE in the ternary system, the selectivity and the solute distribution ratio of separation of water/PEA were calculated and compared to the results obtained for the ILs measured earlier by us. The popular NRTL model was used to correlate the exptl. tie-lines in ternary LLE. These results may help in a new technol. project of “in situ” extraction of PEA from aqueous phase during the biosynthesis. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Dodecyl-1-methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium bis((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)amide (cas: 404001-48-5Formula: C18H31F6N3O4S2).

3-Dodecyl-1-methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium bis((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)amide (cas: 404001-48-5) belongs to imidazole derivatives. Among the different heterocyclic compounds, imidazole is better known due to its broad range of chemical and biological properties. Imidazole has become an important synthon in the development of new drugs. Imidazole based anticancer drug find applications in cancer chemotherapy. It is used as buffer component for purification of the histidine tagged recombinant proteins in immobilized metal-affinity chromatography (IMAC).Formula: C18H31F6N3O4S2

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Nucleophilic C-H Etherification of Heteroarenes Enabled by Base-Catalyzed Halogen Transfer was written by Puleo, Thomas R.;Klaus, Danielle R.;Bandar, Jeffrey S.. And the article was included in Journal of the American Chemical Society in 2021.Computed Properties of C8H8N2 This article mentions the following:

A general protocol for the direct C-H etherification of N-heteroarenes is reported. Potassium tert-butoxide catalyzes halogen transfer from 2-halothiophenes to N-heteroarenes to form N-heteroaryl halide intermediates that undergo tandem base-promoted alc. substitution. Thus, the simple inclusion of inexpensive 2-halothiophenes enables regioselective oxidative coupling of alcs. with 1,3-azoles, pyridines, diazines, and polyazines under basic reaction conditions. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Methylbenzimidazole (cas: 1632-83-3Computed Properties of C8H8N2).

1-Methylbenzimidazole (cas: 1632-83-3) belongs to imidazole derivatives. The solubility of imidazoles in ethers is lower than that in alcohols and decreases with increasing chain length of the ethers . In contrast, the solubility of benzimidazoles in alcohols (C3–C6) is higher than in water and generally decreases with a This ring system is present in important biological building blocks, such as histidine and the related hormone histamine.Computed Properties of C8H8N2

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Adjacent lone pair (ALP) effects in heteroaromatic systems. 1. Isotope exchange of ring hydrogens in alkylimidazoles was written by Takeuchi, Yoshio;Yeh, Herman J. C.;Kirk, Kenneth L.;Cohen, Louis A.. And the article was included in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 1978.Related Products of 3034-41-1 This article mentions the following:

Solvent D isotope exchange (D₂O, 50°) is readily observed above pD 5 at C-2 in imidazole and its C– or N-alkyl derivatives The intermediate is an ylide, formed by base-catalyzed abstraction of H-2 from the imidazolium ion (path Y-2). A similar, but much slower, exchange is observed at C-4 (Y-4) or at C-5 (Y-5) at 100°. In strongly alk. media, NH imidazoles exchange more rapidly at C-4 or C-5 via a carbanion pathway (C) involving C-proton abstraction from the neutral mol.; in N-alkylimidazoles, however, only H-5 exchanges via the C pathway (C-5). The resistance to carbanion formation at C-4 is ascribed to the adjacent lone pair (ALP) effect, a significant electrostatic repulsion between lone pairs in the coplanar, sp² orbitals at N-3 and C-4. The partial contributions of the ylide and carbanion pathways are evaluated from kinetic data at pD 10-11 and in 1 N NaOD, resp. For 1-methylimidazole (1 N NaOD, 100°C), C-5 exchange occurs 15 times faster than Y-5 and 3 times faster than Y-4. NMR signals for H-4 and H-5 are assigned on the basis of (1) spin-decoupling experiments, (2) nuclear Overhauser enhancements, (3) chem. transformations of 1-methylimidazole-d₂, and (4) Δδ values. Ring protons adjacent to N-Me can be differentiated from other ring protons by a characteristic shift in δ with variation of solvent (Δδ); furthermore, relative to H-4, H-5 appears at higher field in nonpolar solvents and lower field in polar ones. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Methyl-4-nitroimidazole (cas: 3034-41-1Related Products of 3034-41-1).

1-Methyl-4-nitroimidazole (cas: 3034-41-1) belongs to imidazole derivatives. The solubility of imidazoles in ethers is lower than that in alcohols and decreases with increasing chain length of the ethers . In contrast, the solubility of benzimidazoles in alcohols (C3–C6) is higher than in water and generally decreases with a This ring system is present in important biological building blocks, such as histidine and the related hormone histamine.Related Products of 3034-41-1

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Assessing chemical toxicity of ionic liquids on Vibrio fischeri: Correlation with structure and composition was written by Montalban, Mercedes G.;Hidalgo, Juana M.;Collado-Gonzalez, Mar;Diaz Banos, F. Guillermo;Villora, Gloria. And the article was included in Chemosphere in 2016.Application In Synthesis of 1-Methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium chloride This article mentions the following:

One of the most important properties of ionic liquids is their non-volatility, making them potentially “green” alternatives to volatile organic compounds However, they are widely soluble in water, meaning that they can be released into aquatic ecosystems and so contribute to water pollution. Nevertheless, although the toxicity of ILs has been widely assessed in the literature, the information is still scarce due to the great number of ionic liquids that have been synthesized. The present work reports the toxicity of twenty-nine imidazolium-, pyridinium- and ammonium-based ionic liquids towards the bioluminescent photobacterium Vibrio fischeri. When the effect of the type of anion, the length of the alkyl chain of the cation, the cation core and the presence of a functionalized side chain in the cation on ionic liquid toxicity were analyzed, the main influence was seen to be exercised by the alkyl chain length. A Quant. Structure-Activity Relationships-based method was used to compare the exptl. results with previously estimated values and very good agreement was obtained. A relationship between the toxicity, expressed as Log EC₅₀, and the 1-octanol-water partition coefficient was established. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium chloride (cas: 35487-17-3Application In Synthesis of 1-Methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium chloride).

1-Methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium chloride (cas: 35487-17-3) belongs to imidazole derivatives. Among the different heterocyclic compounds, imidazole is better known due to its broad range of chemical and biological properties. Imidazole has become an important synthon in the development of new drugs. The pharmacophore of imidazole exists in bioactive compounds including amino acids, plant growth regulators and therapeutic agents.n increase of the alkyl chain length of the alcohols. Application In Synthesis of 1-Methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium chloride

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem