Month: January 2023

Compatibility of supported ionic liquid phase catalysts under ultrasonication was written by Jagadale, Megha;Kale, Dolly;Salunkhe, Rajashri;Rajmane, Mohan;Rashinkar, Gajanan. And the article was included in Journal of Molecular Liquids in 2018.Formula: C4H7ClN2 This article mentions the following:

Various supported ionic liquid phase (SILP) catalysts containing hexafluorophosphate anion was prepared by covalent grafting of imidazolium ionic liquid in the matrix of cellulose, silica and Merrifield resin followed by anion metathesis reaction. The compatibility of SILP catalysts in the synthesis of 1,4-dihydropyridines under ultrasonication was investigated. The results revealed that SILP catalysts was effectively used under ultrasonication without phys., chem. and structural changes as evidenced from various anal. techniques. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium chloride (cas: 35487-17-3Formula: C4H7ClN2).

1-Methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium chloride (cas: 35487-17-3) belongs to imidazole derivatives. Imidazole derivatives generally have good solubility in protic solvents. Simple imidazole derivatives, such as 1H-imidazole, 2-methyl-1H-imidazole, and 1,2-dimethylimidazole, have very high solubility in water. The pharmacophore of imidazole exists in bioactive compounds including amino acids, plant growth regulators and therapeutic agents.n increase of the alkyl chain length of the alcohols. Formula: C4H7ClN2

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Phosphorescent Ruthenium Complexes with a Nitroimidazole Unit that Image Oxygen Fluctuation in Tumor Tissue was written by Son, Aoi;Kawasaki, Atsushi;Hara, Daiki;Ito, Takeo;Tanabe, Kazuhito. And the article was included in Chemistry – A European Journal in 2015.Safety of 2-(2-Nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)acetic acid This article mentions the following:

Understanding oxygen fluctuation in a cancerous tumor is important for effective treatment, especially during radiotherapy. Ruthenium complexes bearing a nitroimidazole group report the oxygen status in tumor tissue directly. The nitroimidazole group was known to be accumulated in hypoxic tumor tissues. However, the ruthenium complex showed strong phosphorescence around 600 nm. The emission of ruthenium is quenched instantaneously by mol. oxygen due to energy transfer between triplet states of oxygen and ruthenium complex, but the emission is then recovered by the removal of oxygen. Thus, the authors could observe oxygen fluctuation in tumor tissue in a real-time manner by monitoring the phosphorescence of the ruthenium complex. The versatility of the probe is demonstrated by monitoring oxygen fluctuation in living cells and tumor tissue planted in mice. The ruthenium complex promptly penetrated plasma membrane and accumulated in cells to emit its oxygen-dependent phosphorescence. In vivo experiments revealed that the oxygen level in tumor tissue seems to fluctuate at the sub-minute timescale. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(2-Nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)acetic acid (cas: 22813-32-7Safety of 2-(2-Nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)acetic acid).

2-(2-Nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)acetic acid (cas: 22813-32-7) belongs to imidazole derivatives. 1H-imidazole is an imidazole tautomer which has the migrating hydrogen at position 1. It is a conjugate base of an imidazolium cation. It is a conjugate acid of an imidazolide. It is a tautomer of a 4H-imidazole. The pharmacophore of imidazole exists in bioactive compounds including amino acids, plant growth regulators and therapeutic agents.n increase of the alkyl chain length of the alcohols. Safety of 2-(2-Nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)acetic acid

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Tertiary amine oxides. XVIII. The reduction of 1-[(1-oxido-2-pyridyl)methyl]pyridinium salt was written by Hamana, Masatomo;Umezawa, Bunsuke;Noda, Kanji. And the article was included in Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin in 1963.COA of Formula: C9H8N2O This article mentions the following:

By a modified King reaction, 2-picoline 1-oxide (I), C₅H₅N, and iodine in the molar ratio 1:2:1 refluxed 5 hrs. in dioxane gave 16% title compound (II) (X = I), m. 180-1° (decomposition). Change of solvent to xylene in the same procedure yielded unexpectedly 5% pyrido[1′,2′:3,4]imidazo[1,g-a]pyridinium salt (III) (X = I), m. 252-3°; picrate m. 217-18°. The structure of III was confirmed by a 2nd synthesis, whereby 2-(BrCH₂)C₅H₄N and 2-BrC₅H₄N were refluxed 20 hrs. in MeCN to effect cyclization and to yield, after chromatography over Al₂O₃-Celite (2:1), 18% III (X = Br), m. 150-2°, converted to III (X = I) in 100% yield by refluxing 4 hrs. with NaI in Me₂CO. The identity of the 2 samples of III (X = I) was established by both infrared and ultraviolet absorption spectra (curves shown). Refluxing II 5 hrs. in xylene, or with C₅H₅N.HI in xylene, or with iodine in xylene gave III in, resp., a small amount, 64%, and 53% yields. However, refluxing 1-(2-pyridylmethyl)pyridinium bromide (IV) 5 hrs. with C₅H₅N.HI in xylene left only unchanged IV; picrate m. 169-70°. This result indicated the essential role of the N-oxide group of H in the formation of III. Chromatography on Amberlite IRA-400 (Cl^– or HO^– type) effected the anion exchange in II (from X = I to X = Cl or HO). The selective reduction of either the N-oxide or the pyridinium group of II was studied under varied conditions. Catalytic hydrogenation (Raney Ni) of II (X = Cl) in MeOH or 4% AcOH, after absorption of 1 molar equivalent H, yielded, resp., 43 or 41% IV, and after absorption of 4 molar equivalents H, 74 or 91% N-(2-pyridylmethyl)piperidine (V), b₄ 100-15°; picrate m. 180-2°. Thus, Raney Ni was specific for the N-oxide rather than for the pyridinium reduction Catalytic hydrogenation (Raney Ni) of II (X = HO) after absorption of 4 molar equivalents H yielded (in MeOH solution) 71% V, and (in 1% NaOH solution) 91% V. II (X = Cl) catalytically reduced with Pd-C in acid medium also gave IV in 68% yield, whereas in neutral medium, Pd-C selectively reduced the pyridinium group of 2-[(1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-1-pyridyl)methyl]pyridine 1-oxide (VI) to yield 6.3% V and 40% 2-piperidinomethylpyridine 1-oxide (VII); picrate m. 132-3°. VI, picrate m. 115-16°, was prepared in 92% yield by reducing II (X = I) with NaBH₄ at room temperature, and VI was deoxygenated by adding PCl₃ in CHCl₃ under ice cooling and refluxing the mixture 30 min. on a water bath to yield 34% 1-(2-pyridylmethyl)-l,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (VIII), b₄ 106-11° (picrate m. 171-2°), prepared also in 63% yield by warming 2-(BrCH₂)C₅H₄N.HBr 30 min. with Δ³-piperidine-HCl and K₂CO₃ on a water bath. Similarly, refluxing free 2-(BrCH₂)C₅H₄N with piperidine in EtOH 1 hr., evaporating the solvent, and making the residue alk. with K₂CO₃ yielded 100% V. VII, m. 93 5°, was prepared in 10% yield by refluxing 2-(BrCH₂)C₅H₄NO 3 hrs. with piperidine in EtOH, and this, as was VI, was deoxygenated with PCl₃ in CHCl₃ to yield 48% V. VI and VIII sep. catalytically hydrogenated (Raney Ni) yielded, resp., 17% and 95% V. II, reduced by warming 3.5 hrs. at 60° with Zn dust and AcOH, was cleaved to yield 58% 2-picoline (picrate m. 164-5°) and 51% C₅H₅N (picrate m. 165-7°). In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Methyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-2-carbaldehyde (cas: 3012-80-4COA of Formula: C9H8N2O).

1-Methyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-2-carbaldehyde (cas: 3012-80-4) belongs to imidazole derivatives. Imidazole is the basic core of some natural products such as histidine, purine, histamine and DNA based structures, etc. Among the different heterocyclic compounds, imidazole is better known due to its broad range of chemical and biological properties. Imidazole also acts as a microtubule destabilizing agents and inhibits topoisomerase and Cytochrome P450 Family 26 Subfamily A Member 1 (CYP26A1) enzymes.COA of Formula: C9H8N2O

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

A quantum mechanical study of alkylimidazolium halide ionic liquids was written by Li, Wei;Qi, Chuansong;Rong, Hua;Wu, Xinmin;Gong, Liangfa. And the article was included in Chemical Physics Letters in 2012.Safety of 1-Methyl-3-propylimidazolium Chloride This article mentions the following:

Thirty imidazolium (IM) halide compounds were studied using DFT methods (B3LYP, B3P86, and PBE1PBE1) methods. Geometry optimization and interaction energy calculations were performed using the B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) method for ions composed of one alkylimidazolium cation and two or three halogen anions. The obtained structures were consistent with exptl. results. In addition, a linear correlation between m.ps. and interaction energies was obtained for the compounds studied, and this relationship was consistent with that obtained for amino acid cation based ionic liquids In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Methyl-3-propylimidazolium Chloride (cas: 79917-89-8Safety of 1-Methyl-3-propylimidazolium Chloride).

1-Methyl-3-propylimidazolium Chloride (cas: 79917-89-8) belongs to imidazole derivatives. 1H-imidazole is an imidazole tautomer which has the migrating hydrogen at position 1. It is a conjugate base of an imidazolium cation. It is a conjugate acid of an imidazolide. It is a tautomer of a 4H-imidazole. Many drugs contain an imidazole ring, such as certain antifungal drugs, the nitroimidazole series of antibiotics, and the sedative midazolam.Safety of 1-Methyl-3-propylimidazolium Chloride

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

The Fairy Chemical Imidazole-4-carboxamide Inhibits the Expression of Axl, PD-L1, and PD-L2 and Improves Response to Cisplatin in Melanoma was written by Inoue, Chisa;Yasuma, Taro;D’Alessandro-Gabazza, Corina N.;Toda, Masaaki;Fridman D’Alessandro, Valeria;Inoue, Ryo;Fujimoto, Hajime;Kobori, Hajime;Tharavecharak, Suphachai;Takeshita, Atsuro;Nishihama, Kota;Okano, Yuko;Wu, Jing;Kobayashi, Tetsu;Yano, Yutaka;Kawagishi, Hirokazu;Gabazza, Esteban C.. And the article was included in Cells in 2022.Application In Synthesis of 1H-Imidazole-4-carboxamide This article mentions the following:

The leading cause of death worldwide is cancer. Many reports have proved the beneficial effect of mushrooms in cancer. However, the precise mechanism is not completely clear. In the present study, we focused on the medicinal properties of biomols. released by fairy ring-forming mushrooms. Fairy chems. generally stimulate or inhibit the growth of surrounding vegetation. In the present study, we evaluated whether fairy chems. (2-azahypoxanthine, 2-aza-8-oxohypoxanthine, and imidazole-4-carboxamide) exert anticancer activity by decreasing the expression of Axl and immune checkpoint mols. in melanoma cells. We used B16F10 melanoma cell lines and a melanoma xenograft model in the experiments Treatment of melanoma xenograft with cisplatin combined with imidazole-4-carboxamide significantly decreased the tumor volume compared to untreated mice or mice treated cisplatin alone. In addition, mice treated with cisplatin and imidazole-4-carboxamide showed increased peritumoral infiltration of T cells compared to mice treated with cisplatin alone. In vitro studies showed that all fairy chems., including imidazole-4-carboxamide, inhibit the expression of immune checkpoint mols. and Axl compared to controls. Imidazole-4-carboxamide also significantly blocks the cisplatin-induced upregulation of PD-L1. These observations point to the fairy chem. imidazole-4-carboxamide as a promising coadjuvant therapy with cisplatin in patients with cancer. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1H-Imidazole-4-carboxamide (cas: 26832-08-6Application In Synthesis of 1H-Imidazole-4-carboxamide).

1H-Imidazole-4-carboxamide (cas: 26832-08-6) belongs to imidazole derivatives. The solubility of imidazoles in ethers is lower than that in alcohols and decreases with increasing chain length of the ethers . In contrast, the solubility of benzimidazoles in alcohols (C3–C6) is higher than in water and generally decreases with a Imidazole has been usedin the lysis, wash and elution buffer for the purification of histidine tagged Sonic Hedgehog(shh-N) protein, in elution buffer in stepwise gradient for the purification of histidine tagged aldo keto reductases using nickel affinity chromatography, as a component of homogenization buffer for the purification of phagosomal compartments from dendritic cells.Application In Synthesis of 1H-Imidazole-4-carboxamide

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Effects of two kinds of ionic liquids on particle characterization of cassava was written by Luo, Zhigang;Li, Fuli. And the article was included in Shipin Yu Fajiao Gongye in 2010.Formula: C7H13ClN2 This article mentions the following:

The properties of cassava starch in two kinds of ionic liquid were evaluated by polarized microscope and SEM. The results showed that cassava starch dissolved in ionic liquids to form a clear and transparent homogeneous system. During the dissolution, polarized cross of starch gradually disappeared, the shape of starch particles were totally changed and the formation of irregular particles occurred. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Methyl-3-propylimidazolium Chloride (cas: 79917-89-8Formula: C7H13ClN2).

1-Methyl-3-propylimidazolium Chloride (cas: 79917-89-8) belongs to imidazole derivatives. Imidazole is a heterocyclic compound with a five-membered planar ring. It is amphoteric and highly polar. Imidazole derivatives have antibacterial, antifungal and anticancer functionality. It interacts with DNA and also binds to protein and stops cell division.Formula: C7H13ClN2

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

NHC-Catalyzed 1,2-Selective Hydroboration of Quinolines was written by Jeong, Jinseong;Heo, Joon;Kim, Dongwook;Chang, Sukbok. And the article was included in ACS Catalysis in 2020.Application In Synthesis of 1-Methylbenzimidazole This article mentions the following:

Selective dearomative transformation of readily available N-heteroarenes is a powerful tool accessing useful synthetic building units. Described herein is the NHC-catalyzed 1,2-selective hydroboration of quinolines with high functional group tolerance. Dihydroquinoline products, e.g. I, could be isolated as their amide derivatives upon in situ N-protection, thus offering high synthetic utility of the current procedure. Combined exptl. and computational studies revealed that the observed regioselectivity can be rationalized by proposing a six-membered transition state that collectively incorporates NHC catalyst, hydroborane reductant and protonated quinoline substrate. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Methylbenzimidazole (cas: 1632-83-3Application In Synthesis of 1-Methylbenzimidazole).

1-Methylbenzimidazole (cas: 1632-83-3) belongs to imidazole derivatives. Imidazole derivatives generally have good solubility in protic solvents. Simple imidazole derivatives, such as 1H-imidazole, 2-methyl-1H-imidazole, and 1,2-dimethylimidazole, have very high solubility in water. Imidazole has been usedin the lysis, wash and elution buffer for the purification of histidine tagged Sonic Hedgehog(shh-N) protein, in elution buffer in stepwise gradient for the purification of histidine tagged aldo keto reductases using nickel affinity chromatography, as a component of homogenization buffer for the purification of phagosomal compartments from dendritic cells.Application In Synthesis of 1-Methylbenzimidazole

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

The inflammasome signaling proteins ASC and IL-18 as biomarkers of psoriasis was written by Forouzandeh, Mahtab;Besen, Jaren;Keane, Robert W.;de Rivero Vaccari, Juan Pablo. And the article was included in Frontiers in Pharmacology in 2020.Formula: C33H34N6O6 This article mentions the following:

Inflammasome activation in the innate immune response plays a role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis largely due to the increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. However, the precise role of inflammasomes in psoriasis (Ps) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is largely undefined. To establish the reliability of inflammasome signaling proteins as diagnostics and predictive biomarkers of clin. severity in this disease population, serum from healthy donors and patients with Ps/PsA were analyzed for the protein expression of caspase-1, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase-recruitment domain (ASC), interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 levels to determine cut-off points, pos. and neg. predictive values, and receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves. Our data revealed that ASC and IL-18 proteins were significantly higher in the Ps group when compared to healthy controls. The area under the curve (AUC) for ASC was 0.9224 with a cut-off point of 321.8 pg/mL, while IL-18 had an AUC of 0.7818 and a cut-off point of 232.1 pg/mL. In addition, levels of IL-18 had a statistically significant linear correlation with that of ASC with an adjusted R squared of 0.2566, indicating that approx. 25% of IL-18 levels could be explained by ASC levels in serum. Our findings indicate that ASC and IL-18 play a significant role in the inflammatory response associated with the pathol. of Ps. These inflammasome proteins appear to be key biomarkers in determining diagnoses in this patient population. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(((Cyclohexyloxy)carbonyl)oxy)ethyl 1-((2′-(2H-tetrazol-5-yl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)methyl)-2-ethoxy-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-7-carboxylate (cas: 145040-37-5Formula: C33H34N6O6).

1-(((Cyclohexyloxy)carbonyl)oxy)ethyl 1-((2′-(2H-tetrazol-5-yl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)methyl)-2-ethoxy-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-7-carboxylate (cas: 145040-37-5) belongs to imidazole derivatives. Many natural products, especially alkaloids, contain the imidazole ring. These imidazoles share the 1,3-C3N2 ring but feature varied substituents. Imidazole also acts as a microtubule destabilizing agents and inhibits topoisomerase and Cytochrome P450 Family 26 Subfamily A Member 1 (CYP26A1) enzymes.Formula: C33H34N6O6

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Paclitaxel suppresses the viability of breast tumor MCF7 cells through the regulation of EF1α and FOXO3a by AMPK signaling was written by Kim, Ji Hae;Lee, Jung Ok;Kim, Nami;Lee, Hye Jeong;Lee, Yong Woo;Kim, Hyung Ip;Kim, Su Jin;Park, Sun Hwa;Kim, Hyeon Soo. And the article was included in International Journal of Oncology in 2015.Category: imidazoles-derivatives This article mentions the following:

Paclitaxel (Taxol), a potent drug of natural origin isolated from the bark of the Pacific yew, is widely used for treating ovarian, lung and breast cancers. Currently, there is little information regarding the specific mechanism underlying the anticancer activity of paclitaxel. In the present study, we found that 5-amino-1-β-D-ribofuranosyl-imidazole-4-carboxamide (AICAR), a well-known activator of adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK), downregulated the protein and mRNA levels of elongation factor 1 α (EF1α) in breast cancer MCF7 cells. Paclitaxel increased the phosphorylation of AMPK and also downregulated the expression of EF1α in MCF7 cells. In addition, paclitaxel increased the expression, as well as the phosphorylation of forkhead box O3a (FOXO3a). Phosphorylation of FOXO3a was suppressed in the presence of compound C, a specific AMPK inhibitor, suggesting the involvement of AMPK in paclitaxel-induced FOXO3a phosphorylation. The induction and phosphorylation of FOXO3a by paclitaxel were not observed in EF1a and AMPK knockdown cells. Co-treatment with AICAR resulted in increased susceptibility of cancer cells to paclitaxel-induced suppression of their viability and further enhanced paclitaxel-induced FOXO3a phosphorylation. These results suggest that the antitumor effects of paclitaxel in breast cancer are mediated by activation of the AMPK/EF1a/FOXO3a signaling pathway. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1H-Imidazole-4-carboxamide (cas: 26832-08-6Category: imidazoles-derivatives).

1H-Imidazole-4-carboxamide (cas: 26832-08-6) belongs to imidazole derivatives. The solubility of imidazoles in ethers is lower than that in alcohols and decreases with increasing chain length of the ethers . In contrast, the solubility of benzimidazoles in alcohols (C3–C6) is higher than in water and generally decreases with a Imidazole also acts as a microtubule destabilizing agents and inhibits topoisomerase and Cytochrome P450 Family 26 Subfamily A Member 1 (CYP26A1) enzymes.Category: imidazoles-derivatives

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Interaction studies between newly synthesized photosensitive polymer and ionic liquids was written by Kim, In Tae;Kwon, Gi-Chung;Choi, Eun Ha;Lee, Seung-Hyun;Kim, Young Sun;Kim, Jong Hyun;Cha, Ju Hyun;Kim, Sung Ho;Attri, Pankaj. And the article was included in International Journal of Polymer Science in 2015.Related Products of 35487-17-3 This article mentions the following:

In this information age, different kinds of photosensitive materials have been used in the manufacture of information storage devices. But these photosensitive materials have the bane of low diffraction efficiency. In order to solve this problem, we have synthesized a novel photosensitive polymer from epoxy-based azopolymers (with three types of azochromophores). Furthermore, we have studied the interaction between this newly synthesized azopolymer and ionic liquids (ILs). For this purpose, we have used the ammonium and imidazolium families of ILs, such as diethylammonium dihydrogen phosphate (DEAP), tributylammonium Me sulfate (TBMS), triethylammonium 4-aminotoluene-3-sulfonic acid (TASA), and 1-methylimidazolium chloride ([Mim]Cl). To investigate the mol. interaction between azopolymer and ILs, we have used the following spectroscopic methods of anal.: UV-visible spectroscopy, photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, Fourier transformed IR spectroscopy (FT-IR), and confocal Raman spectroscopy. In this study, we have developed new photosensitive materials by combining polymer with ILs. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium chloride (cas: 35487-17-3Related Products of 35487-17-3).

1-Methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium chloride (cas: 35487-17-3) belongs to imidazole derivatives. 1H-imidazole is an imidazole tautomer which has the migrating hydrogen at position 1. It is a conjugate base of an imidazolium cation. It is a conjugate acid of an imidazolide. It is a tautomer of a 4H-imidazole. The pharmacophore of imidazole exists in bioactive compounds including amino acids, plant growth regulators and therapeutic agents.n increase of the alkyl chain length of the alcohols. Related Products of 35487-17-3

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem