Month: February 2023

Comparable Ionicity of the Solutions of Aprotic and Protic Ionic Liquids by Anion Substitution was written by Jain, Preeti;Kumar, Anil. And the article was included in Journal of Solution Chemistry in 2017.Recommanded Product: 21252-69-7 This article mentions the following:

Temperature dependent molar conductances and fluidities of bisulfate and Et sulfate anion-based ionic liquids were measured. The extent of dissociation of the ionic liquids was estimated from the Walden plot in term of ionicity. The ionicity mainly depends on the magnitude of Coulombic forces, altered by the anion’s Lewis basicity. Aqueous solutions of aprotic ionic liquids, in general, possesses ionicity in the range of ≈70-99%. This article reveals that the substitution of the anion by bisulfate and ethylsulfate reduces the ionicity of aqueous solution of these ionic liquids to the range of 10-37%. This is very close to that exhibited by some of the protic ionic liquids and phosphonium based ionic liquids with sweetner anions. The concentration dependent molar conductance of these ionic liquids has been fitted to Mahiuddin and Ismail’s equation. To our surprise, the molar conductances of bisulfate-based aprotic ionic liquids are remarkably high, even though these ionic liquids possess lower ionicity. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Octyl-1H-imidazole (cas: 21252-69-7Recommanded Product: 21252-69-7).

1-Octyl-1H-imidazole (cas: 21252-69-7) belongs to imidazole derivatives. Imidazole is the basic core of some natural products such as histidine, purine, histamine and DNA based structures, etc. Among the different heterocyclic compounds, imidazole is better known due to its broad range of chemical and biological properties. Many drugs contain an imidazole ring, such as certain antifungal drugs, the nitroimidazole series of antibiotics, and the sedative midazolam.Recommanded Product: 21252-69-7

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

The identification of structurally novel, selective, orally bioavailable positive modulators of mGluR2 was written by D’Alessandro, Pier L.;Corti, Corrado;Roth, Adelheid;Ugolini, Annarosa;Sava, Anna;Montanari, Dino;Bianchi, Federica;Garland, Stephen L.;Powney, Ben;Koppe, Emma L.;Rocheville, Magalie;Osborne, Greg;Perez, Paloma;de la Fuente, Jesus;De Los Frailes, Maite;Smith, Paul W.;Branch, Clive;Nash, David;Watson, Stephen P.. And the article was included in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters in 2010.HPLC of Formula: 3012-80-4 This article mentions the following:

The optimization of an HTS hit series (1) leading to the identification of structurally novel, selective, orally bioavailable mGluR2 pos. modulators GSK1331258 and GSK1331268 is described. Structure-activity relationships, attenuation of dopaminergic activity, and potentiation of mGluR2 responses in rat hippocampal MPP-DG synapses are also reported. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Methyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-2-carbaldehyde (cas: 3012-80-4HPLC of Formula: 3012-80-4).

1-Methyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-2-carbaldehyde (cas: 3012-80-4) belongs to imidazole derivatives. 1H-imidazole is an imidazole tautomer which has the migrating hydrogen at position 1. It is a conjugate base of an imidazolium cation. It is a conjugate acid of an imidazolide. It is a tautomer of a 4H-imidazole. Imidazole is incorporated into many important biological compounds. The most pervasive is the amino acid histidine, which has an imidazole side-chain. Histidine is present in many proteins and enzymes, e.g. by binding metal cofactors, as seen in hemoglobin.HPLC of Formula: 3012-80-4

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Preparation and in vivo evaluation of candesartan cilexetil solid dispersions was written by Kumar, Uppuluru Ashok;Suresh, Gande. And the article was included in Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research in 2021.Name: 1-(((Cyclohexyloxy)carbonyl)oxy)ethyl 1-((2′-(2H-tetrazol-5-yl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)methyl)-2-ethoxy-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-7-carboxylate This article mentions the following:

The present study aims at development of solid dispersions (SD) of candesartan cilexetil for enhanced solubility and bioavailability. About 18 SD formulations of candesartan cilexetil were prepared by solvent evaporation technique and evaluated. The in vitro release studies were conducted and the best formulation chosen was further characterized for Fourier transform IR spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscope, X-ray, and stability. The in vivo evaluation study conducted in rats. The formulation SD16 containing drug and Soluplus in 1:3 ratio along with 2% selective laser sintering was chosen optimal based on drug content (99.08%), and drug release (99.7%). In vivo studies conducted on SD16 showed that mean time to peak concentration (T_max) was 2.0±0.05 and 4±0.2 h for the optimized and pure drug, resp., while mean maximum drug concentration (C_max) was 570.63±2.65 ng/mL and was significant as compared to the candesartan pure drug 175.146±0.07 ng/mL. Area under curve AUC_0-∞ infinity for candesartan SD16 was higher (4860.61±1.05 ng.h/mL) than pure drug suspension 1480±1.72 ng.h/mL. Hence, the developed SD formulations enhanced the bioavailability of drug by 3 folds. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(((Cyclohexyloxy)carbonyl)oxy)ethyl 1-((2′-(2H-tetrazol-5-yl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)methyl)-2-ethoxy-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-7-carboxylate (cas: 145040-37-5Name: 1-(((Cyclohexyloxy)carbonyl)oxy)ethyl 1-((2′-(2H-tetrazol-5-yl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)methyl)-2-ethoxy-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-7-carboxylate).

1-(((Cyclohexyloxy)carbonyl)oxy)ethyl 1-((2′-(2H-tetrazol-5-yl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)methyl)-2-ethoxy-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-7-carboxylate (cas: 145040-37-5) belongs to imidazole derivatives. Imidazole is a heterocyclic compound with a five-membered planar ring. It is amphoteric and highly polar. This ring system is present in important biological building blocks, such as histidine and the related hormone histamine.Name: 1-(((Cyclohexyloxy)carbonyl)oxy)ethyl 1-((2′-(2H-tetrazol-5-yl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)methyl)-2-ethoxy-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-7-carboxylate

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Pharmacokinetics of a new fixed-dose combination of candesartan cilexetil, hydrochlorothiazide, and rosuvastatin in healthy adult subjects was written by Yerino, Gustavo A.;Feleder, Ethel C.;Halabe, Emilia K.;Diaz, Liliana;Sakson, Mario;Iglesias, Mariana;Haddad, Tobias;Roldan, Emilio;Mondelo, Nelida. And the article was included in International Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics in 2022.Safety of 1-(((Cyclohexyloxy)carbonyl)oxy)ethyl 1-((2′-(2H-tetrazol-5-yl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)methyl)-2-ethoxy-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-7-carboxylate This article mentions the following:

A fixed-dose combination (FDC) of candesartan cilexetil, hydrochlorothiazide and rosuvastatin (CC/ HCTZ/RSV) has been developed to enhance patient compliance in the primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases. To evaluate if the combination of the product components in the new FDC capsule formulation affects their resp. pharmacokinetic and in vitro dissolution patterns. Materials and methods: In vitro dissolution profiles were compared in USP-43 and in biorelevant dissolution media. In vivo comparisons were obtained in a randomized, open-label, single-dose, two-treatment, two-way crossover study in 24 healthy subjects. During each treatment period, subjects received the test formulation (FDC hard capsule containing CC/HCTZ/RSV) or the reference formulation (co-administration of a FDC CC/HCTZ tablet and a RSV tablet). Plasma samples were collected periodically over 48 h post-dose. Safety and tolerability were assessed. Dissolution profiles of all active drugs in the Test (capsule) and Reference Products (as tablets) were within the tolerance dissolution criteria of USP-43 conditions. HCTZ dissolution profiles were closely similar whereas those for RSV and CC did not match at specific pHs. In the pharmacokinetic study, the 90% confidence intervals (CIs) for the geometric least-square mean ratios of Cmax, AUC0-last, and AUC0-inf were 0.95 – 1.18, 0.95 – 1.15 and 0.95 – 1.13 (CC); 0.91 – 1.10, 0.96 – 1.08, and 0.96 – 1.09 (HCTZ) and 0.82 – 1.23, 0.81 – 1.13, and 0.82 – 1.12 (RSV), resp. All adverse events were mild. The new FDC product (Sinlip Prevent), a stable FDC hard capsule, was bioequivalent (similar pharmacokinetics) when compared to the coadministration of the components and may be considered as a suitable and simplified medication for cardiovascular disease management. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(((Cyclohexyloxy)carbonyl)oxy)ethyl 1-((2′-(2H-tetrazol-5-yl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)methyl)-2-ethoxy-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-7-carboxylate (cas: 145040-37-5Safety of 1-(((Cyclohexyloxy)carbonyl)oxy)ethyl 1-((2′-(2H-tetrazol-5-yl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)methyl)-2-ethoxy-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-7-carboxylate).

1-(((Cyclohexyloxy)carbonyl)oxy)ethyl 1-((2′-(2H-tetrazol-5-yl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)methyl)-2-ethoxy-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-7-carboxylate (cas: 145040-37-5) belongs to imidazole derivatives. The solubility of imidazoles in ethers is lower than that in alcohols and decreases with increasing chain length of the ethers . In contrast, the solubility of benzimidazoles in alcohols (C3–C6) is higher than in water and generally decreases with a Many drugs contain an imidazole ring, such as certain antifungal drugs, the nitroimidazole series of antibiotics, and the sedative midazolam.Safety of 1-(((Cyclohexyloxy)carbonyl)oxy)ethyl 1-((2′-(2H-tetrazol-5-yl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)methyl)-2-ethoxy-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-7-carboxylate

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Controllable Synthesis of Vacancy-Defect Cu Site and Its Catalysis for the Manufacture of Vinyl Chloride Monomer was written by Wang, Bolin;Jiang, Zhao;Wang, Ting;Tang, Qi;Yu, Mingde;Feng, Tao;Tian, Min;Chang, Renqin;Yue, Yuxue;Pan, Zhiyan;Zhao, Jia;Li, Xiaonian. And the article was included in ACS Catalysis in 2021.Safety of 1-Methyl-3-propylimidazolium Chloride This article mentions the following:

Designing favorable structures of active sites and clarifying the structure-activity relationship are important to narrow the large activity gap between Cu-based and the noble-metal-based catalytic systems for vinyl chloride production Herein, we report a facile controllable thermal method for fabricating the platform of Cu single-atom catalysts ranging from the standard no-vacancy-defect CuCl₃-N to vacancy-defect CuCl₂V-N (“V” for the vacancy-defect site) and to no-vacancy-defect CuN₄. The gradually released C-Cl derivatives promote the vacancy-defect generation under elevated temperatures, and the activity gap between Cu- and the noble-metal-based systems is found to be dramatically narrowed from classic ~37-fold to ~1.5-fold on the vacancy-defect sites. Kinetic anal. shows that the competitive adsorption between acetylene and hydrogen chloride on the CuCl₂V-N site contributed more to the catalytic performance than the single hydrogen chloride adsorption on site CuCl₃-N or CuN₄. Furthermore, when the CuCl₂V-N site is preoccupied and adsorbed by acetylene, the reaction energy barrier decreases from 35 to 24 kJ/mol, indicating that the single activation of acetylene is more favorable for catalytic activity than that of the dual-activation of acetylene and hydrogen chloride. DFT calculations revealed the specific reaction mechanism catalyzed on the vacancy-defect CuCl₂V-N site, i.e., where the vacancy-defect not only affects the activation behavior of substrates but also regulates the reaction pathway. Excellent catalytic performance can be maintained under the interaction of high concentration of vinyl chloride and H₂S impurity. This work opens a new window for controllable synthesis of vacancy-defect sites of single metallic atoms in catalysis design and enhancing catalytic activity. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Methyl-3-propylimidazolium Chloride (cas: 79917-89-8Safety of 1-Methyl-3-propylimidazolium Chloride).

1-Methyl-3-propylimidazolium Chloride (cas: 79917-89-8) belongs to imidazole derivatives. Imidazole is the basic core of some natural products such as histidine, purine, histamine and DNA based structures, etc. Among the different heterocyclic compounds, imidazole is better known due to its broad range of chemical and biological properties. Many drugs contain an imidazole ring, such as certain antifungal drugs, the nitroimidazole series of antibiotics, and the sedative midazolam.Safety of 1-Methyl-3-propylimidazolium Chloride

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Successful Control of Aggregation and Folding Rates during Refolding of Denatured Lysozyme by Adding N-Methylimidazolium Cations with Various N’-Substituents was written by Yamaguchi, Satoshi;Yamamoto, Etsushi;Tsukiji, Shinya;Nagamune, Teruyuki. And the article was included in Biotechnology Progress in 2008.Formula: C7H13ClN2 This article mentions the following:

The present study aimed to obtain more effective refolding agents and to understand the influence of their chem. structures on their function as refolding agents. To achieve these aims, we investigated the effects of a large variety of N’-substituted N-methylimidazolium chlorides on the oxidative refolding of lysozyme in a high throughput manner. Among the mols. examined, N-methylimidazolium cations with a short N’-alkyl chain, such as an N’-Et or N’-Bu chain, significantly enhanced the refolding yield compared to conventional refolding additives such as arginine hydrochloride and Triton X-100. Detailed kinetic analyses revealed that the effective cations selectively decreased the aggregation rate constant (k_A) without any large decreases in the folding rate constant (k_N). However, when the hydrophobicity of the N’-substituent of the cations was increased, the desirable properties of the short N’-alkyl chain-type cations for protein refolding were diminished. Furthermore, increases in the N’-alkyl chain length to an N’-octyl or N’-dodecyl chain drastically decreased the k_A values, thereby increasing the ratio of k_N to k_A, despite the very small k_N values and resulting in enhanced refolding yields. Thus, by tuning the chem. structure of the N’-substituents of N-methylimidazolium chloride, five effective refolding agents (N’-ethyl-, N’-propyl-, N’-butyl-, N’-pentyl- and N’-isobutyl-N-methylimidazolium chlorides) were successfully obtained, and the kinetic parameters of folding and aggregation during the refolding process could be controlled using three different modes. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Methyl-3-propylimidazolium Chloride (cas: 79917-89-8Formula: C7H13ClN2).

1-Methyl-3-propylimidazolium Chloride (cas: 79917-89-8) belongs to imidazole derivatives. Imidazole is a heterocyclic compound with a five-membered planar ring. It is amphoteric and highly polar. Imidazole based anticancer drug find applications in cancer chemotherapy. It is used as buffer component for purification of the histidine tagged recombinant proteins in immobilized metal-affinity chromatography (IMAC).Formula: C7H13ClN2

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Organic carbonate synthesis from CO₂ and alcohol over CeO₂ with 2-cyanopyridine: Scope and mechanistic studies was written by Honda, Masayoshi;Tamura, Masazumi;Nakagawa, Yoshinao;Nakao, Kenji;Suzuki, Kimihito;Tomishige, Keiichi. And the article was included in Journal of Catalysis in 2014.Formula: C4H5N3O This article mentions the following:

The combination system of CeO₂-catalyzed carboxylation and 2-cyanopyridine hydration (CeO₂ + 2-cyanopyridine system) is effective for the direct synthesis of organic carbonates from CO₂ and alcs. This catalyst system can be applied to various alcs. to afford the corresponding carbonates in high alc.-based yields. The hydration of 2-cyanopyridine over CeO₂ rapidly proceeds under the low concentration of water, which can remove the water from the reaction media. Since the reaction is limited by the chem. equilibrium, the removal of water remarkably shifts the chem. equilibrium to the carbonate side, leading to high carbonate yields. In addition, 2-picolinamide that is produced by hydration of 2-cyanopyridine forms an intramol. hydrogen bonding between H atom of the amide group and N atom of the pyridine ring, which weakens the adsorption of 2-picolinamide on CeO₂ by reduction of the acidity. The reaction mechanism of DMC formation in CeO₂ + 2-cyanopyridine system is also proposed. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1H-Imidazole-4-carboxamide (cas: 26832-08-6Formula: C4H5N3O).

1H-Imidazole-4-carboxamide (cas: 26832-08-6) belongs to imidazole derivatives. 1H-imidazole is an imidazole tautomer which has the migrating hydrogen at position 1. It is a conjugate base of an imidazolium cation. It is a conjugate acid of an imidazolide. It is a tautomer of a 4H-imidazole. Imidazole derivatives have antibacterial, antifungal and anticancer functionality. It interacts with DNA and also binds to protein and stops cell division.Formula: C4H5N3O

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Enthalpic interactions in aqueous strong electrolytes upon addition of ionic liquids was written by Jain, Preeti;Kumar, Anil. And the article was included in Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics in 2018.Application In Synthesis of 1-Methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium chloride This article mentions the following:

The present study deals with the inter-ionic interactions between strong electrolytes and ionic liquids based on the thermodn. properties such as excess partial molar enthalpy, H^E_IL, relative apparent molar enthalpy, ϕ_L, and the enthalpic interaction parameters. The thermodn. properties of the systems are the key indicators to understand the interionic interactions. We have conducted a systematic investigation of the enthalpic behavior of aqueous solution of salts and ionic liquids and their mixtures The present study also emphasizes how the H^E_IL values for the mixture of aqueous solution of ionic liquids and salts deviate from linearity as compared to those of the constituent aqueous ionic liquid or salt. This deviation from linearity for the H^E_IL values has been discussed here. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium chloride (cas: 35487-17-3Application In Synthesis of 1-Methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium chloride).

1-Methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium chloride (cas: 35487-17-3) belongs to imidazole derivatives. Many natural products, especially alkaloids, contain the imidazole ring. These imidazoles share the 1,3-C3N2 ring but feature varied substituents. Many drugs contain an imidazole ring, such as certain antifungal drugs, the nitroimidazole series of antibiotics, and the sedative midazolam.Application In Synthesis of 1-Methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium chloride

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Liquid-Mercury-Supported Langmuir Films of Ionic Liquids: Isotherms, Structure, and Time Evolution was written by Elfassy, Eitan;Mastai, Yitzhak;Pontoni, Diego;Deutsch, Moshe. And the article was included in Langmuir in 2016.Category: imidazoles-derivatives This article mentions the following:

Mercury-supported Langmuir films of imidazolium-based ionic liquids have been studied using surface tension and X-ray reflection spectra. The charge-delocalized ionic liquids exhibited no 2D lateral order but showed diffuse surface-normal electron d. profiles exhibiting gradual mercury penetration into the ionic liquid film, and surface-normal structure evolution over a period of hours. The effect of increasing the nonpolar alkyl chain length was also investigated. The results obtained provide insights into the interactions between these ionic liquids and liquid mercury and about the time evolution of the structure and composition of their interface. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Dodecyl-1-methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium bis((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)amide (cas: 404001-48-5Category: imidazoles-derivatives).

3-Dodecyl-1-methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium bis((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)amide (cas: 404001-48-5) belongs to imidazole derivatives. Among the different heterocyclic compounds, imidazole is better known due to its broad range of chemical and biological properties. Imidazole has become an important synthon in the development of new drugs. Imidazole based anticancer drug find applications in cancer chemotherapy. It is used as buffer component for purification of the histidine tagged recombinant proteins in immobilized metal-affinity chromatography (IMAC).Category: imidazoles-derivatives

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Fractionation of corn stover into cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin using a series of ionic liquids was written by Zhang, Peng;Dong, Shi-Jia;Ma, Hui-Hui;Zhang, Bi-Xian;Wang, Yu-Fei;Hu, Xiao-Mei. And the article was included in Industrial Crops and Products in 2015.Recommanded Product: 1-Methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium chloride This article mentions the following:

Lignocellulosic biomass is increasingly being promoted as an environmentally and economically sustainable fuel. However, the complex structure of lignocellulose makes it difficult to be fractionated, which limits its conversion into valuable products. In this work, a series of functional acidic ionic liquids (ILs) with a simple synthetic procedure were prepared Fractionation of corn stover into cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin was successfully performed in ultrasound-assisted ILs at a low reaction temperature of 70 °C for 3 h followed by alk. extraction IL-isolated lignin, alk. lignin, hemicellulose and cellulose were obtained in good yields and their chem. properties were analyzed by FTIR. Significantly, a good yield of IL-isolated lignin was obtained, which accounted for 60.48% of the original lignin. The IL-isolated lignin was S-G-H type indicating by ¹³C NMR and ¹³C-¹H correlation 2D NMR (HSQC) anal. Enzymic hydrolysis of cellulose was performed successfully. A high yield of 97.77% reducing sugar was achieved. Glucose and cellobiose were measured by HPLC anal., which accounted for 92.55% of cellulose conversion. Both of the hydrogen bond capability and the acidity of ILs contributed to achieve the effective fractionation. These ILs have a great potential for the preparation of biofuel. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium chloride (cas: 35487-17-3Recommanded Product: 1-Methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium chloride).

1-Methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium chloride (cas: 35487-17-3) belongs to imidazole derivatives. Imidazole is a heterocyclic compound with a five-membered planar ring. It is amphoteric and highly polar. The pharmacophore of imidazole exists in bioactive compounds including amino acids, plant growth regulators and therapeutic agents.n increase of the alkyl chain length of the alcohols. Recommanded Product: 1-Methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium chloride

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem