Author: Jessica.F

Structure-Activity Relationship and Pharmacokinetic Studies of 1,5-Diheteroarylpenta-1,4-dien-3-ones: A Class of Promising Curcumin-Based Anticancer Agents was written by Wang, Rubing;Chen, Chengsheng;Zhang, Xiaojie;Zhang, Changde;Zhong, Qiu;Chen, Guanglin;Zhang, Qiang;Zheng, Shilong;Wang, Guangdi;Chen, Qiao-Hong. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2015.Reference of 3012-80-4 This article mentions the following:

Forty-three 1,5-diheteroaryl-1,4-pentadien-3-ones were designed as potential curcumin mimics, structurally featuring a central five-carbon dienone linker and two identical nitrogen-containing aromatic rings. They were synthesized using a Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons reaction as the critical step and evaluated for their cytotoxicity and antiproliferative activities toward both androgen-insensitive and androgen-sensitive prostate cancer cell lines and an aggressive cervical cancer cell line. Most of the synthesized compounds showed distinctly better in vitro potency than curcumin in the four cancer cell lines. The structure-activity data acquired from the study validated (1E,4E)-1,5-diheteroaryl-1,4-pentadien-3-ones as an excellent scaffold for in-depth development for clin. treatment of prostate and cervical cancers. 1-Alkyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl, ortho pyridyl, 1-alkyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-2-yl, 4-bromo-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl, thiazol-2-yl, and 2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)thiazol-5-yl were identified as optimal heteroaromatic rings for the promising in vitro potency. (1E,4E)-1,5-Bis(2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)thiazol-5-yl)penta-1,4-dien-3-one, featuring thiazole rings and trifluoromethyl groups, was established as the optimal lead compound because of its good in vitro potency and attractive in vivo pharmacokinetic profiles. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Methyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-2-carbaldehyde (cas: 3012-80-4Reference of 3012-80-4).

1-Methyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-2-carbaldehyde (cas: 3012-80-4) belongs to imidazole derivatives. Imidazole derivatives generally have good solubility in protic solvents. Simple imidazole derivatives, such as 1H-imidazole, 2-methyl-1H-imidazole, and 1,2-dimethylimidazole, have very high solubility in water. Many drugs contain an imidazole ring, such as certain antifungal drugs, the nitroimidazole series of antibiotics, and the sedative midazolam.Reference of 3012-80-4

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Preparation, characterization and ex vivo-in vivo assessment of candesartan cilexetil nanocrystals via solid dispersion technique using an alkaline esterase activator carrier was written by Amer, Ahmed M.;Allam, Ahmed N.;Abdallah, Ossama Y.. And the article was included in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy in 2019.HPLC of Formula: 145040-37-5 This article mentions the following:

The objective of this study was to improve candesartan cilexetil (CC) efficacy by formulating nanocrystals via solid dispersion (SD) technique using tromethamine (Tris). SD was prepared by solvent evaporation at different drug carrier ratios, evaluated for particle size, vitro dissolution studies, TEM, FTIR, and X-ray powder diffraction. Ex vivo, in vivo pharmacokinetic parameters were conducted on selected formulas compared to drug suspension and marketed product. Size anal. demonstrated formation of particles in the nanorange lower than 300 nm. A burst drug release followed by an improved dissolution was observed indicating instant formation of nanocrystals along with amorphization as confirmed by X-ray diffraction. FTIR studies suggested the absence of chem. interaction between Tris and CC. TEM revealed formation of irregular oval nanoparticles. SD-1:5 has higher apparent permeability coefficient compared to CC suspension. Furthermore, the pharmacokinetic results proved the ability of the formed nanoparticles to enhance the efficacy of CC compared to drug suspension and marketed product. In conclusion, using of Tris as alk. esterase activator carrier could be a promising tool to bypass the controversial effect of esterase enzymes that may be a source for inter-individual variations affecting ester prodrug candidates’ efficacy. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(((Cyclohexyloxy)carbonyl)oxy)ethyl 1-((2′-(2H-tetrazol-5-yl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)methyl)-2-ethoxy-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-7-carboxylate (cas: 145040-37-5HPLC of Formula: 145040-37-5).

1-(((Cyclohexyloxy)carbonyl)oxy)ethyl 1-((2′-(2H-tetrazol-5-yl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)methyl)-2-ethoxy-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-7-carboxylate (cas: 145040-37-5) belongs to imidazole derivatives. The solubility of imidazoles in ethers is lower than that in alcohols and decreases with increasing chain length of the ethers . In contrast, the solubility of benzimidazoles in alcohols (C3鈥揅6) is higher than in water and generally decreases with a The pharmacophore of imidazole exists in bioactive compounds including amino acids, plant growth regulators and therapeutic agents.n increase of the alkyl chain length of the alcohols. HPLC of Formula: 145040-37-5

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Probing the cannabinoid CB₁/CB₂ receptor subtype selectivity limits of 1,2-diarylimidazole-4-carboxamides by fine-tuning their 5-substitution pattern was written by Lange, Jos H. M.;van der Neut, Martina A. W.;Borst, Alice J. M.;Yildirim, Mahmut;van Stuivenberg, Herman H.;van Vliet, Bernard J.;Kruse, Chris G.. And the article was included in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters in 2010.Recommanded Product: 1H-Imidazole-4-carboxamide This article mentions the following:

The cannabinoid CB₁/CB₂ receptor subtype selectivity in the 1,2-diarylimidazole-4-carboxamide series was boosted by fine-tuning its 5-substitution pattern. The presence of the 5-methylsulfonyl group in 11 led to a greater than 鈭?40-fold CB₁/CB₂ subtype selectivity. The compounds 10, 18 and 19 were found more active than rimonabant (1) in a CB₁-mediated rodent hypotension model after oral administration. Our findings suggest a limited brain exposure of the P-glycoprotein substrates 11, 12 and 21. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1H-Imidazole-4-carboxamide (cas: 26832-08-6Recommanded Product: 1H-Imidazole-4-carboxamide).

1H-Imidazole-4-carboxamide (cas: 26832-08-6) belongs to imidazole derivatives. Imidazole derivatives generally have good solubility in protic solvents. Simple imidazole derivatives, such as 1H-imidazole, 2-methyl-1H-imidazole, and 1,2-dimethylimidazole, have very high solubility in water. Many drugs contain an imidazole ring, such as certain antifungal drugs, the nitroimidazole series of antibiotics, and the sedative midazolam.Recommanded Product: 1H-Imidazole-4-carboxamide

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Hydration properties of glycylglycine in aqueous ionic liquid solutions at different temperatures: Volumetric and acoustic approach was written by Gaba, Rekha;Pal, Amalendu;Sharma, Dinkar;Amirchand Khajuria, Deepika. And the article was included in Journal of Molecular Liquids in 2017.Synthetic Route of C4H7ClN2 This article mentions the following:

The apparent molar volume and isentropic compression of glycylglycine in aqueous 1-methylimidazolium chloride, [mim][Cl], 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride [C₂mim][Cl], and 1-methyl-3-octylimidazolium chloride [C₈mim][Cl] solutions have been calculated from the measured exptl. data on d. and speed of sound at temperature, T = 288.15, 298.15 and 308.15 K. The apparent molar volumes at infinite dilution, V⁰_蠒 and the apparent isentropic molar compression at infinite dilution K⁰_蠒聽_,聽_S, were also calculated Furthermore, apparent sp. volumes, apparent molar expansivity, E⁰_蠒, Hepler’s constant values, (((鈭?em>E⁰_蠒)/(鈭?em>T)))_P and hydration numbers, n_H, have been evaluated to support the conclusions obtained from the volumetric and acoustic studies. The Hepler’s constant values were found neg. which indicating the peptide under study is predominantly a structure breaker due to hydrophobic hydration of small peptide in aqueous ionic liquid In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium chloride (cas: 35487-17-3Synthetic Route of C4H7ClN2).

1-Methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium chloride (cas: 35487-17-3) belongs to imidazole derivatives. Imidazole derivatives generally have good solubility in protic solvents. Simple imidazole derivatives, such as 1H-imidazole, 2-methyl-1H-imidazole, and 1,2-dimethylimidazole, have very high solubility in water. Imidazole has been usedin the lysis, wash and elution buffer for the purification of histidine tagged Sonic Hedgehog(shh-N) protein, in elution buffer in stepwise gradient for the purification of histidine tagged aldo keto reductases using nickel affinity chromatography, as a component of homogenization buffer for the purification of phagosomal compartments from dendritic cells.Synthetic Route of C4H7ClN2

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Flash release oral film of candesartan Cilexetil formulation and In vitro evaluation was written by Chandrasekar, G.;Abdual Hasan Sathali, A.;Umamaheswari, D.;Prabhu, R.. And the article was included in International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research in 2021.Product Details of 145040-37-5 This article mentions the following:

In the present study, to develop a novel flash release fast dissolving oral film of candesartan cilexetil to achieve rapid dissolution and further improve the bioavailability of the drug. Also, to resolve the swallowing problems in pediatrics, geriatric patients by rapid dissolution in saliva and improve the patient compliance. Fast dissolving flash release oral flim of candesartan cilexetil was formulated using HPMCE5, HPMCE15 and HPMCK15 as film-forming polymers. Glycerol, polyethylene glycol and propylene glycol were used as a plasticizer by solvent casting method and found to satisfy the mouth dissolving film and other film parameters. The formulated films of candesartan cilexetil were evaluated for parameters like thickness, weight variation, folding endurance, SEM, surface pH disintegration time, drug content, in-vitro dissolution studies and kinetics studies. The in-vitro disintegration time of the optimized batch F5 was found to be 56 卤 0.12 s. The films exhibited satisfactory thickness and folding endurance. The optimized batch F5 (HPMCE15) showed a faster disintegrating time, showing 96.02 卤 0.49 drug release within 30 min. The in-vitro release profile of optimized formulation F5 followed a first-order kinetic model with nonfickian diffusion law. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(((Cyclohexyloxy)carbonyl)oxy)ethyl 1-((2′-(2H-tetrazol-5-yl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)methyl)-2-ethoxy-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-7-carboxylate (cas: 145040-37-5Product Details of 145040-37-5).

1-(((Cyclohexyloxy)carbonyl)oxy)ethyl 1-((2′-(2H-tetrazol-5-yl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)methyl)-2-ethoxy-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-7-carboxylate (cas: 145040-37-5) belongs to imidazole derivatives. Imidazole derivatives generally have good solubility in protic solvents. Simple imidazole derivatives, such as 1H-imidazole, 2-methyl-1H-imidazole, and 1,2-dimethylimidazole, have very high solubility in water. This ring system is present in important biological building blocks, such as histidine and the related hormone histamine.Product Details of 145040-37-5

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Effect of substituents on the electronic structure and spectral characteristics of imidazole derivatives in the ground and excited states was written by Prokop’eva, T. M.;Vysotskii, Yu. B.;Dadali, V. A.;Sokolenko, V. A.. And the article was included in Ukrainskii Khimicheskii Zhurnal (Russian Edition) in 1982.SDS of cas: 4887-83-6 This article mentions the following:

Ground- and excited-state electron d. distributions were calculated for imidazole, benzimidazole, their protonated and anionic forms, and 1-phenylimidazole by the PMO LCAO SCF method. The results of the calculations corresponded to exptl. reactivity data. The lowest singlet-singlet transition energies were also calculated for benzimidazoles, and these agreed with exptl. spectra. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 7-Methyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazole (cas: 4887-83-6SDS of cas: 4887-83-6).

7-Methyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazole (cas: 4887-83-6) belongs to imidazole derivatives. Imidazole is a heterocyclic compound with a five-membered planar ring. It is amphoteric and highly polar. Imidazole has been usedin the lysis, wash and elution buffer for the purification of histidine tagged Sonic Hedgehog(shh-N) protein, in elution buffer in stepwise gradient for the purification of histidine tagged aldo keto reductases using nickel affinity chromatography, as a component of homogenization buffer for the purification of phagosomal compartments from dendritic cells.SDS of cas: 4887-83-6

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

A Three-In-One Assembled Nanoparticle Containing Peptide-Radio-Sensitizer Conjugate and TLR7/8 Agonist Can Initiate the Cancer-Immunity Cycle to Trigger Antitumor Immune Response was written by Zhu, Xueqin;Wang, Xiaoxi;Li, Bingyu;Zhang, Yun;Chen, Yalan;Zhang, Wenyan;Wang, Yan;Zhai, Wenjie;Liu, Zimai;Liu, Sijia;Sun, Jiaxin;Chen, Zhenzhen;Gao, Yanfeng. And the article was included in Small in 2022.Application In Synthesis of 2-(2-Nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)acetic acid This article mentions the following:

Radiotherapy (RT) has been shown to cause immunogenic cell death (ICD) of cancer cells, which promote the release of tumor-associated antigens, and trigger the cancer-immunity cycle (CIC). However, ICD induced by RT usually does not occur in hypoxic tumor cells due to their resistance to radiation. Moreover, RT also induces programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) upregulation on tumor cells, which has an inhibitory effect on T lymphocytes. Therefore, therapy based on CIC must selectively target the restricted steps of antitumor immunity. Herein, the authors design a versatile three-in-one assembling nanoparticle that can simultaneously execute these obstacles. The amphiphilic peptide drug conjugate NIA-D1, containing the hydrophobic radio-sensitizer 2-(2-nitroimidazol-1-yl) acetic acid (NIA), a peptide substrate of matrix metalloproteinase-2, and a hydrophilic PD-L1 antagonist DPPA-1, is constructed and co-assembled with hydrophobic Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7/8 agonist R848 to form nanoparticle NIA-D1@R848. The NIA-D1@R848 nanoparticles combined with RT can trigger the apoptosis of tumor cells and initiate the CIC. In the presence of R848, it promotes the maturation of dendritic cells, which together with protein programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and its ligand PD-L1 blockade to relieve T cell suppression, and amplify the antitumor immune cycle. In conclusion, a functionalized three-in-one nanoparticle NIA-D1@R848 is successfully constructed, which can induce strong systemic antitumor immune response. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(2-Nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)acetic acid (cas: 22813-32-7Application In Synthesis of 2-(2-Nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)acetic acid).

2-(2-Nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)acetic acid (cas: 22813-32-7) belongs to imidazole derivatives. Imidazole is the basic core of some natural products such as histidine, purine, histamine and DNA based structures, etc. Among the different heterocyclic compounds, imidazole is better known due to its broad range of chemical and biological properties. Imidazole is incorporated into many important biological compounds. The most pervasive is the amino acid histidine, which has an imidazole side-chain. Histidine is present in many proteins and enzymes, e.g. by binding metal cofactors, as seen in hemoglobin.Application In Synthesis of 2-(2-Nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)acetic acid

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Synthesis of Br蠁nsted-Lewis acidic ionic liquids and their use as catalysts in rosin dimerization was written by Wang, Jin-long;You, Xing-lin;Fang, Yun. And the article was included in Jingxi Huagong in 2014.Recommanded Product: 35487-17-3 This article mentions the following:

A Br蠁nsted acidic ionic liquid mim 路 HCl was synthesized as an intermediate by protonating N-Me imidazole with Br蠁nsled acid donor hydrochloric acid. And a group of dual acidic ionic liquid 1-hydro-3-methylimidazole chloride chloroironinates (1-蠂) [mim 路 HCl] 蠂 [FeCl₃] (where 蠂 is the mole fractions of the Lewis acid) was synthesized from the reaction of mim 路HCl and a Lewis acid donor FeCl₃. The acidity of the group was characterized and compared to each other by means of FTIR in virtue of pyridine and acetonitrile mol. probe, resp. The dual acidic ionic liquids were then employed lo catalyze rosin dimerization. A dimeric rosin acid with a softening point of 102.4 degree C was obtained using (1-蠂) [mim路HCl]蠂[FeCl₃] (蠂=0.64) as catalyst, which was 15 degree C higher than that without using catalyst. The catalytic activity became weaker after the fifth use. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium chloride (cas: 35487-17-3Recommanded Product: 35487-17-3).

1-Methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium chloride (cas: 35487-17-3) belongs to imidazole derivatives. Imidazole is the basic core of some natural products such as histidine, purine, histamine and DNA based structures, etc. Among the different heterocyclic compounds, imidazole is better known due to its broad range of chemical and biological properties. Imidazole derivatives have antibacterial, antifungal and anticancer functionality. It interacts with DNA and also binds to protein and stops cell division.Recommanded Product: 35487-17-3

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Design and binding of a distamycin A analog to d(CGCAAGTTGGC)路d(GCCAACTTGCG): synthesis, NMR studies, and implications for the design of sequence-specific minor groove binding oligopeptides was written by Dwyer, Tammy J.;Geierstanger, Bernhard H.;Bathini, Yadagiri;Lown, J. William;Wemmer, David E.. And the article was included in Journal of the American Chemical Society in 1992.Electric Literature of C7H9N3O4 This article mentions the following:

Distamycin A analog I was prepared in which an imidazole ring is substituted for the central pyrrole ring of distamycin A. A key step in the synthesis was the coupling of acid II with amine III by EDCI to give the corresponding peptide. The latter peptide was converted into I in 3 steps. Two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy was used to characterize the complex formed between I and d(CGCAAGTTGGC)路d(GCCAACTTGCG). Titration of the AAGTT duplex with I yielded a single complex with a ligand:DNA stoichiometry of 2:1. The nuclear Overhauser effect (NOESY) experiment in D₂O was used to assign the aromatic and C1’H DNA protons and to identify intermol. ligand-DNA contacts between nonlabile protons. The NOESY experiment in H₂O was used to assign the imino and amino DNA protons and the amide protons of the ligands and to identify ligand-DNA contacts involving these labile protons. These data indicate that two ligand mols. bind simultaneously to the minor groove of the central 5′-AAGTT-3′ sequence in a head-to-tail orientation. Mol. modeling, using 35 ligand-DNA distance constraints derived from a semiquant. anal. of the NOESY data, shows that the imidazole N3 of one of the ligands forms a hydrogen bond with the C2 amino group of the guanine in the binding site. Addnl., the titration of d(CGCAAATTGGC)路d(GCCAATTTGCG) with I was performed. No specific complex was detected by NMR spectroscopy between I and the AAATT duplex. This result emphasizes the importance of the imidazole N3 atom of I in the recognition of the AAGTT binding site. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 1-methyl-4-nitro-1H-imidazole-2-carboxylate (cas: 109012-23-9Electric Literature of C7H9N3O4).

Ethyl 1-methyl-4-nitro-1H-imidazole-2-carboxylate (cas: 109012-23-9) belongs to imidazole derivatives. 1H-imidazole is an imidazole tautomer which has the migrating hydrogen at position 1. It is a conjugate base of an imidazolium cation. It is a conjugate acid of an imidazolide. It is a tautomer of a 4H-imidazole. Many drugs contain an imidazole ring, such as certain antifungal drugs, the nitroimidazole series of antibiotics, and the sedative midazolam.Electric Literature of C7H9N3O4

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Influencing factors on decomposition of ammonium chloride and organic base hydrochloride was written by Bian, Siyu;Guan, Congcong;Wang, Shufang;Wang, Yanji. And the article was included in Huaxue Fanying Gongcheng Yu Gongyi in 2019.Reference of 35487-17-3 This article mentions the following:

Ammonium chloride is a byproduct of Hou鈥瞫 process for soda manufacture In order to achieve efficient use of nitrogen and chlorine, and fundamentally solve the problems of byproduct surplus and environmental pollution, several organic bases of different structures were selected to study the reaction process of decomposing ammonium chloride to release ammonia gas, and organic base hydrochloride to release hydrogen chloride. The effect of organic alkalinity, structure and solvation on the reaction was correlated. The results showed that the organic alkalinity did not show a completely pos. correlation with the decomposition of ammonium chloride and the corresponding organic base hydrochloride. Besides the alkalinity, the structure and solvation of organic base also had an important effect on the reaction. Trihexylamine and trioctylamine were suitable organic bases, which could simultaneously satisfy the decomposition process of ammonium chloride and the corresponding organic base hydrochloride. In addition, solvents also had a great influence on the reaction. The decomposition of ammonium chloride by trihexylamine and trioctylamine should be carried out in a polar alc. solution, while the decomposition of the corresponding organic base hydrochloride should be performed in a nonpolar alkane solution In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium chloride (cas: 35487-17-3Reference of 35487-17-3).

1-Methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium chloride (cas: 35487-17-3) belongs to imidazole derivatives. Many natural products, especially alkaloids, contain the imidazole ring. These imidazoles share the 1,3-C3N2 ring but feature varied substituents. Imidazole is incorporated into many important biological compounds. The most pervasive is the amino acid histidine, which has an imidazole side-chain. Histidine is present in many proteins and enzymes, e.g. by binding metal cofactors, as seen in hemoglobin.Reference of 35487-17-3

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem