Author: Jessica.F

Exploring the cellular uptake and localisation of phosphorescent rhenium fac-tricarbonyl metallosurfactants as a function of lipophilicity was written by Hallett, Andrew J.;Placet, Emeline;Prieux, Roxane;McCafferty, Danielle;Platts, James A.;Lloyd, David;Isaacs, Marc;Hayes, Anthony J.;Coles, Simon J.;Pitak, Mateusz B.;Marchant, Sarah;Marriott, Stephen N.;Allemann, Rudolf K.;Dervisi, Athanasia;Fallis, Ian A.. And the article was included in Dalton Transactions in 2018.Related Products of 21252-69-7 This article mentions the following:

A systematic study of the cellular uptake of emissive complexes as a function of their lipophilicity is presented. Here a series of amphiphilic rhenium fac-tricarbonyl bisimine complexes bearing axial substituted imidazole or thiazole ligands, [Re(bpy)(CO)₃(ImC_nH_m)]⁺ {n = 1 m = 3 (1⁺), n = 4 m = 9 (2⁺), n = 8 m = 17 (3⁺), n = 12 m = 25 (4⁺), n = 16 m = 33 (5⁺), n = 2 m = 3 (6⁺); bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine, Im = imidazole} and [Re(bpy)(CO)₃(L)]⁺ {L = 1-mesitylimidazole, ImMes (7⁺), 4,5-dimethylthiazole, dmt (8⁺) and 4-methyl-5-thiazole-ethanol, mte (9⁺)} is reported. The X-ray crystal structures of 2⁺, 8⁺ and 9⁺ confirm the geometry and expected distribution of ligands and indicated that the plane of the imidazole/thiazole ring is approx. parallel to the long axis of the bipy ligand. Luminescence studies revealed excellent properties for their use in cell imaging with visible excitation and broad emission profiles. Their uptake in two distinct species has been examined by fluorescence imaging of the diplomonad fish parasite Spironucleus vortens (S. vortens) and rod-shaped yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Schiz. pombe) as a function of their lipophilicity. The uptake of the complexes was highest for the more lipophilic 2⁺-5⁺ in both S. vortens and Schiz. pombe in which the long alkyl chain aids in crossing bilipid membranes. However, the increased lipophilicity of longer chains also resulted in greater toxicity. Localization over the whole cell varied with differing alkyl chain lengths with complex 2⁺ preferentially locating to the nucleus of S. vortens, 3⁺ showing enhanced nuclear partitioning in Schiz. pombe, and 4⁺ for the remaining cell wall bound in the case of S. vortens. Interestingly, complexes of intermediate lipophilicity such as 7⁺ and 8⁺ showed reasonable uptake, proved to be non-toxic, and were capable of crossing exterior cell walls and localising in the organelles of the cells. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Octyl-1H-imidazole (cas: 21252-69-7Related Products of 21252-69-7).

1-Octyl-1H-imidazole (cas: 21252-69-7) belongs to imidazole derivatives. Imidazole is a heterocyclic compound with a five-membered planar ring. It is amphoteric and highly polar. Imidazole is incorporated into many important biological compounds. The most pervasive is the amino acid histidine, which has an imidazole side-chain. Histidine is present in many proteins and enzymes, e.g. by binding metal cofactors, as seen in hemoglobin.Related Products of 21252-69-7

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Effect of the rat liver S-9 fraction on the mutagenicity of azathioprine in the Salmonella/mammalian microsome assay was written by Nepomnaschy, I.;Sommer, S. E.;Nagel, R.. And the article was included in Experientia in 1984.Recommanded Product: 3034-41-1 This article mentions the following:

Azathioprine (I) [446-86-6] is a direct acting mutagen in S. typhimurium TA 100 and 1535. The addition of rat liver S-9 fraction with or without cofactors, or GSH  [70-18-8], decreased the mutagenicity of I in TA 100 and increased in TA 1535, indicating the effect of SH groups. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Methyl-4-nitroimidazole (cas: 3034-41-1Recommanded Product: 3034-41-1).

1-Methyl-4-nitroimidazole (cas: 3034-41-1) belongs to imidazole derivatives. Imidazole is the basic core of some natural products such as histidine, purine, histamine and DNA based structures, etc. Among the different heterocyclic compounds, imidazole is better known due to its broad range of chemical and biological properties. Imidazole derivatives have antibacterial, antifungal and anticancer functionality. It interacts with DNA and also binds to protein and stops cell division.Recommanded Product: 3034-41-1

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Preparation, structure, and properties of chitosan/cellulose/multiwalled carbon nanotube composite membranes and fibers was written by Xiao, Wenjun;Wu, Tinghua;Peng, Jiajian;Bai, Ying;Li, Jiayun;Lai, Guoqiao;Wu, Ying;Dai, Lizong. And the article was included in Journal of Applied Polymer Science in 2013.Electric Literature of C4H7ClN2 This article mentions the following:

Binary ionic liquids (ILs), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride and 1-H-3-methylimidazolium chloride, were developed to dissolve chitosan and cellulose and disperse multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The resulting mixed paste could be used to prepare chitosan/cellulose/MWCNT composite membranes and fibers. Fourier transform IR spectroscopy, wide-angle x-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric anal., SEM, tensile testing, and conductivity measurements were used to evaluate the structure and properties of the composite materials and the effect of the incorporation of MWCNTs at various loadings. The characterization results indicate that the incorporation of MWCNTs improved the comprehensive performances of the composite materials, and the best loading of MWCNTs was 4 wt %. This IL dissolution method is a green and feasible method for preparing chitosan/cellulose/MWCNT composite membranes and fibers and will provide beneficial references for the preparation of similar materials. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2012. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium chloride (cas: 35487-17-3Electric Literature of C4H7ClN2).

1-Methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium chloride (cas: 35487-17-3) belongs to imidazole derivatives. Many natural products, especially alkaloids, contain the imidazole ring. These imidazoles share the 1,3-C3N2 ring but feature varied substituents. Imidazole derivatives have antibacterial, antifungal and anticancer functionality. It interacts with DNA and also binds to protein and stops cell division.Electric Literature of C4H7ClN2

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Microwave-Accelerated Cross-Dehydrogenative Coupling of Quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones with Alkanes under Transition-Metal-Free Conditions was written by Wang, Min;Zhang, Zhongyi;Xiong, Chunxia;Sun, Peipei;Zhou, Chao. And the article was included in ChemistrySelect in 2022.Synthetic Route of C8H8N2 This article mentions the following:

With simple alkanes as the alkyl radical precursors under microwave irradiation, a convenient and efficient cross-dehydrogenative alkylation reaction of quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones and other N-heteroarenes was achieved. The protocol demonstrates a broad substrate scope, good functional group tolerance, high atom economy and high efficiency, providing a wide range of valuable, structurally diverse C3 alkylated quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones and other alkylated N-heteroarenes in good-to-excellent yields. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Methylbenzimidazole (cas: 1632-83-3Synthetic Route of C8H8N2).

1-Methylbenzimidazole (cas: 1632-83-3) belongs to imidazole derivatives. Imidazole is the basic core of some natural products such as histidine, purine, histamine and DNA based structures, etc. Among the different heterocyclic compounds, imidazole is better known due to its broad range of chemical and biological properties. Imidazole has been usedin the lysis, wash and elution buffer for the purification of histidine tagged Sonic Hedgehog(shh-N) protein, in elution buffer in stepwise gradient for the purification of histidine tagged aldo keto reductases using nickel affinity chromatography, as a component of homogenization buffer for the purification of phagosomal compartments from dendritic cells.Synthetic Route of C8H8N2

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Use of ab Initio Calculations toward the Rational Design of Room Temperature Ionic Liquids was written by Turner, Elizabeth A.;Pye, Cory C.;Singer, Robert D.. And the article was included in Journal of Physical Chemistry A in 2003.Category: imidazoles-derivatives This article mentions the following:

Ionic liquids are gaining substantial interest as alternative reaction media. Despite the overwhelming amount of evidence suggesting a relation between their structure and m.p., there still remains the problem of selectively choosing a particular ionic pair that will produce a liquid at room temperature Ionic liquids based on 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium halides were studied using ab initio calculations using Gaussian 98 and the 6-31G^* and 6-31+G^* basis sets. The calculated interaction energy increases in magnitude with decreasing alkyl chain length at the Hartree-Fock level, although no trend was found to exist with increasing anionic radius. Correlations between m.p. and interaction energy were studied. Linear trends exist in the 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium (Bmim) halide series as well as the 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide series. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Methyl-3-propylimidazolium Chloride (cas: 79917-89-8Category: imidazoles-derivatives).

1-Methyl-3-propylimidazolium Chloride (cas: 79917-89-8) belongs to imidazole derivatives. Imidazole derivatives generally have good solubility in protic solvents. Simple imidazole derivatives, such as 1H-imidazole, 2-methyl-1H-imidazole, and 1,2-dimethylimidazole, have very high solubility in water. Many drugs contain an imidazole ring, such as certain antifungal drugs, the nitroimidazole series of antibiotics, and the sedative midazolam.Category: imidazoles-derivatives

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Molten-state nitration of substituted imidazoles: new synthetic approaches to the novel melt-cast energetic material, 1-methyl-2,4,5-trinitroimidazole was written by Duddu, Raja;Zhang, Mao-Xi;Damavarapu, Reddy;Gelber, Nathaniel. And the article was included in Synthesis in 2011.Synthetic Route of C4H5N3O2 This article mentions the following:

Novel, one-step synthetic routes for the preparation of 1-methyl-2,4,5-trinitroimidazole (MTNI) are described. In addition, a new, molten-state nitration method for the synthesis of 1-methyl-2,4,5-trinitroimidazole is developed. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Methyl-4-nitroimidazole (cas: 3034-41-1Synthetic Route of C4H5N3O2).

1-Methyl-4-nitroimidazole (cas: 3034-41-1) belongs to imidazole derivatives. Among the different heterocyclic compounds, imidazole is better known due to its broad range of chemical and biological properties. Imidazole has become an important synthon in the development of new drugs. Imidazole is incorporated into many important biological compounds. The most pervasive is the amino acid histidine, which has an imidazole side-chain. Histidine is present in many proteins and enzymes, e.g. by binding metal cofactors, as seen in hemoglobin.Synthetic Route of C4H5N3O2

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Metal-Free Synthesis of Benzimidazoles via Oxidative Cyclization of D-Glucose with o-Phenylenediamines in Water was written by Raja, Dineshkumar;Philips, Abigail;Palani, Pushbaraj;Lin, Wei-Yu;Devikala, Sundaramurthy;Senadi, Gopal Chandru. And the article was included in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2020.Electric Literature of C8H8N2 This article mentions the following:

D-Glucose has been identified as an efficient C1 synthon in the synthesis of benzimidazoles from o-phenylenediamines via an oxidative cyclization strategy. Isotopic studies with ¹³C₆–D-glucose and D₂O unambiguously confirmed the source of methine. The notable features of this method include the following: broad functional group tolerance, a biorenewable methine source, excellent reaction yields, a short reaction time, water as an environmentally benign solvent, and the synthesis of vitamin B₁₂ component on the gram scale. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Methylbenzimidazole (cas: 1632-83-3Electric Literature of C8H8N2).

1-Methylbenzimidazole (cas: 1632-83-3) belongs to imidazole derivatives. Many natural products, especially alkaloids, contain the imidazole ring. These imidazoles share the 1,3-C3N2 ring but feature varied substituents. Imidazole also acts as a microtubule destabilizing agents and inhibits topoisomerase and Cytochrome P450 Family 26 Subfamily A Member 1 (CYP26A1) enzymes.Electric Literature of C8H8N2

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Formulation & evaluation of spherical crystal agglomerates of Candesartan Cilexetil was written by Chaubisa, Prachi D.;Shah, S. K.;Chaudhary, Bhumika. And the article was included in World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research in 2018.Product Details of 145040-37-5 This article mentions the following:

A quasi-emulsion solvent diffusion method was adopted for preparation of spherical agglomerates of Candesartan Celexetil using Acetone as a good solvent and water as a poor solvent. Dichloromethane was added to the solution of Candesartan Cilexetil as Bridging liquid Preliminary trials were taken to identify significant factors affecting formation of spherical agglomerates. A 32 full factorial design was employed to study the effect of following independent variables at the three different levels on the characteristics of the product obtained. They are amount of PVA and amount of PEG 4000. Exptl. trials were performed at all possible 9 combinations in and the resultant product obtained was evaluated for parameters like saturation solubility, Hausner ratio, Carr’s index and amount of the drug dissolved in 180 min. Based on factorial design anal., it found that the selected factors having significant effect on % drug release. Tablets prepared by using optimized spherical crystal agglomerates of F4 batch and evaluation done. All phys. parameters found within acceptable range. Further the dissolution of tablets in 180 min found more than 90% which was also compared with marketed formulation. The release kinetic model found most satisfactory with Higuchi Model. Stability of spherical crystal agglomerates Tablets of Candesartan Cilexetil found stable after 1 mo. Hence, spherical crystal agglomerates of Candesartan Cilexetil successfully prepared by quasi-emulsion solvent diffusion method and solubility improved. Further based on the results. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(((Cyclohexyloxy)carbonyl)oxy)ethyl 1-((2′-(2H-tetrazol-5-yl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)methyl)-2-ethoxy-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-7-carboxylate (cas: 145040-37-5Product Details of 145040-37-5).

1-(((Cyclohexyloxy)carbonyl)oxy)ethyl 1-((2′-(2H-tetrazol-5-yl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)methyl)-2-ethoxy-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-7-carboxylate (cas: 145040-37-5) belongs to imidazole derivatives. Many natural products, especially alkaloids, contain the imidazole ring. These imidazoles share the 1,3-C3N2 ring but feature varied substituents. Imidazole has been usedin the lysis, wash and elution buffer for the purification of histidine tagged Sonic Hedgehog(shh-N) protein, in elution buffer in stepwise gradient for the purification of histidine tagged aldo keto reductases using nickel affinity chromatography, as a component of homogenization buffer for the purification of phagosomal compartments from dendritic cells.Product Details of 145040-37-5

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Paramagnetic ionic liquid-coated SiO₂@Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles-The next generation of magnetically recoverable nanocatalysts applied in the glycolysis of PET was written by Cano, Israel;Martin, Carmen;Fernandes, Jesum Alves;Lodge, Rhys W.;Dupont, Jairton;Casado-Carmona, Francisco A.;Lucena, Rafael;Cardenas, Soledad;Sans, Victor;de Pedro, Imanol. And the article was included in Applied Catalysis, B: Environmental in 2020.Formula: C4H7ClN2 This article mentions the following:

The functionalization of silica-coated, magnetic Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles, with an iron-containing ionic liquid, allows for the synthesis of a Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@(mim)[FeCl₄] system that can be employed as a magnetically recoverable nanocatalyst. Herein, we present the use of Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@(mim)[FeCl₄] for the glycolysis of PET into BHET under conventional heating. The catalyst achieved nearly 100% yield and selectivity over twelve consecutive reaction cycles at 180 °C and was efficiently recovered without tedious work-up or purification processes. Addnl. analyses revealed that the amount of catalyst lost after each cycle was negligible and no trace of Fe was found in the purified BHET product. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium chloride (cas: 35487-17-3Formula: C4H7ClN2).

1-Methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium chloride (cas: 35487-17-3) belongs to imidazole derivatives. 1H-imidazole is an imidazole tautomer which has the migrating hydrogen at position 1. It is a conjugate base of an imidazolium cation. It is a conjugate acid of an imidazolide. It is a tautomer of a 4H-imidazole. Imidazole has been usedin the lysis, wash and elution buffer for the purification of histidine tagged Sonic Hedgehog(shh-N) protein, in elution buffer in stepwise gradient for the purification of histidine tagged aldo keto reductases using nickel affinity chromatography, as a component of homogenization buffer for the purification of phagosomal compartments from dendritic cells.Formula: C4H7ClN2

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Applying Computational Predictions of Biorelevant Solubility Ratio Upon Self-Emulsifying Lipid-Based Formulations Dispersion to Predict Dose Number was written by Bennett-Lenane, Harriet;Koehl, Niklas J.;O’Dwyer, Patrick J.;Box, Karl J.;O’Shea, Joseph P.;Griffin, Brendan T.. And the article was included in Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Philadelphia, PA, United States) in 2021.Name: 1-(((Cyclohexyloxy)carbonyl)oxy)ethyl 1-((2′-(2H-tetrazol-5-yl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)methyl)-2-ethoxy-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-7-carboxylate This article mentions the following:

Computational approaches are increasingly utilized in development of bio-enabling formulations, including self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS), facilitating early indicators of success. This study investigated if in silico predictions of drug solubility gain i.e. solubility ratios (SR), after dispersion of a SEDDS in biorelevant media could be predicted from drug properties. Apparent solubility upon dispersion of two SEDDS in FaSSIF was measured for 30 structurally diverse poorly water soluble drugs. Increased drug solubility upon SEDDS dispersion was observed in all cases, with higher SRs observed for cationic and neutral vs. anionic drugs at pH 6.5. Mol. descriptors and solid-state properties were used as inputs during partial least squares (PLS) modeling resulting in predictive models for SRMC (r2 = 0.81) and SRLC (r2 = 0.77). Multiple linear regression (MLR) facilitated generation of simplified SR equations with high predictivity (SRMC r2 = 0.74; SRLC r2 = 0.69), requiring only three drug properties; partition coefficient at pH 6.5 (logD6.5), m.p. (Tm) and aromatic bonds as fraction of total bonds (F-AromB). Through using the equations to inform developability classification system (DCS) classes for drugs that have already been licensed as lipid-based formulations, merits for development with SEDDS was predicted for 2/3 drugs. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(((Cyclohexyloxy)carbonyl)oxy)ethyl 1-((2′-(2H-tetrazol-5-yl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)methyl)-2-ethoxy-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-7-carboxylate (cas: 145040-37-5Name: 1-(((Cyclohexyloxy)carbonyl)oxy)ethyl 1-((2′-(2H-tetrazol-5-yl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)methyl)-2-ethoxy-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-7-carboxylate).

1-(((Cyclohexyloxy)carbonyl)oxy)ethyl 1-((2′-(2H-tetrazol-5-yl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)methyl)-2-ethoxy-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-7-carboxylate (cas: 145040-37-5) belongs to imidazole derivatives. Many natural products, especially alkaloids, contain the imidazole ring. These imidazoles share the 1,3-C3N2 ring but feature varied substituents. This ring system is present in important biological building blocks, such as histidine and the related hormone histamine.Name: 1-(((Cyclohexyloxy)carbonyl)oxy)ethyl 1-((2′-(2H-tetrazol-5-yl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)methyl)-2-ethoxy-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-7-carboxylate

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem