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Nevado, Juan Jose Berzas et al. published their research in Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis in 2014 |CAS: 73590-85-9

The Article related to omeprazole metabolite capillary electrophoresis electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry, human urine, metabolites, omeprazole, pharmacokinetics and other aspects.COA of Formula: C17H19N3O2S

On April 15, 2014, Nevado, Juan Jose Berzas; Penalvo, Gregorio Castaneda; Dorado, Rosa Maria Rodriguez; Robledo, Virginia Rodriguez published an article.COA of Formula: C17H19N3O2S The title of the article was Simultaneous determination of omeprazole and their main metabolites in human urine samples by capillary electrophoresis using electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry detection. And the article contained the following:

The authors report a novel method for the simultaneous determination of omeprazole and their main metabolites (omeprazole sulfide, omeprazole sulfone and 5-hydroxy omeprazole) in human urine samples. For this purpose, two new capillary electrophoresis (CE) methods were developed for the simultaneous determination of target compounds, using initially diode-array for optical detection and electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) for metabolites identification and identity confirmation. A new metabolite (5-hydroxysulfide omeprazole) was identified by electrospray ionization multi-stage mass spectrometry (ESI-MS2) fragment which was then used to support the proposed chem. structure. Pharmacokinetic results using CE method were compared with those obtained when a HPLC method was used. Equivalent pharmacokinetics profiles resulted when any anal. methods were carried out. The experimental process involved the reaction of 5-Methoxy-2-[[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-2-pyridyl)methyl]thio]benzimidazole(cas: 73590-85-9).COA of Formula: C17H19N3O2S

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Rahman, M. Sayeedur et al. published their research in Molecular Microbiology in 1996 |CAS: 55662-66-3

The Article related to escherichia bacteriophage m13 mutation repair uv, uv induction mutation repair escherichia m13, dna damage repair uv ethenocytosine ethenoadenine, methylguanine dna damage repair uv escherichia and other aspects.Safety of Imidazo[1,2-c]pyrimidin-5(6H)-one

On November 30, 1996, Rahman, M. Sayeedur; Dunman, Paul M.; Wang, Ge; Murphy, Holly S.; Humayun, M. Zafri published an article.Safety of Imidazo[1,2-c]pyrimidin-5(6H)-one The title of the article was Effect of UVM induction on mutation fixation at non-pairing and mispairing DNA lesions. And the article contained the following:

Mutation fixation at an ethenocytosine (εC) residue borne on transfected M13 single-stranded DNA is significantly enhanced in response to pretreatment of Escherichia coli cells with UV, alkylating agents, or hydrogen peroxide, a phenomenon that we have called UVM for UV modulation of mutagenesis. The UVM response does not require the E. coli SOS or adaptive responses, and is observed in cells defective for oxyR, an oxidative DNA damage-responsive regulatory gene. UVM may represent either a novel DNA-repair phenomenon, or an unrecognized feature of DNA replication in damaged cells that affects a specific class of non-coding DNA lesions. To explore the range of DNA lesions subject to the UVM effect, we have examined mutation fixation at 3,N4-ethenocytosine and 1,N6-ethenoadenine, as well as at O6-methylguanine (O6mG). M13 viral single-stranded DNA constructs bearing a single mutagenic lesion at a specific site were transfected into cells pretreated with UV or 1-methyl-3-nitro-1-nitroso-guanidine (MNNG). Survival of transfected viral DNA was measured as transfection efficiency, and mutagenesis at the lesion site was analyzed by a quant. multiplex sequence anal. technol. The results suggest that the UVM effect modulates mutagenesis at the two etheno lesions, but does not appear to significantly affect mutagenesis at O6mG. Because the modulation of mutagenesis is observed in cells incapable of the SOS response, these data are consistent with the notion that UVM may represent a previously unrecognized DNA damage-inducible response that affects the fidelity of DNA replication at certain mutagenic lesions in Escherichia coli. The experimental process involved the reaction of Imidazo[1,2-c]pyrimidin-5(6H)-one(cas: 55662-66-3).Safety of Imidazo[1,2-c]pyrimidin-5(6H)-one

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Li, Yongfei et al. published their research in Small in 2020 |CAS: 5036-48-6

The Article related to ph ros responsive nanoparticle micelle antitumor paclitaxel prodrug uptake, deep tumor penetration, lysosome escape, ph/ros-cascade responsive, proton sponge effect, self-amplified drug release and other aspects.Electric Literature of 5036-48-6

On August 11, 2020, Li, Yongfei; Chen, Mie; Yao, Bowen; Lu, Xun; Song, Boyang; Vasilatos, Shauna N.; Zhang, Xiang; Ren, Xiaomei; Yao, Chang; Bian, Weihe; Sun, Lizhu published an article.Electric Literature of 5036-48-6 The title of the article was Dual pH/ROS-Responsive Nanoplatform with Deep Tumor Penetration and Self-Amplified Drug Release for Enhancing Tumor Chemotherapeutic Efficacy. And the article contained the following:

Poor deep tumor penetration and incomplete intracellular drug release remain challenges for antitumor nanomedicine application in clin. settings. Herein, a nanomedicine (RLPA-NPs) is developed that can achieve prolonged blood circulation, deep tumor penetration, active-targeting of cancer cells, endosome/lysosome escape, and intracellular selectivity self-amplified drug release for effective drug delivery. The RLPA-NPs are constructed by encapsulation of a pH-sensitive polymer octadecylamine-poly(aspartate-1-(3-aminopropyl) imidazole) (OA-P(Asp-API)) and a ROS-generation agent, β-Lapachone (Lap), in micelles assembled by the tumor-penetration peptide internalizing RGD (iRGD)-modified ROS-responsive paclitaxel (PTX)-prodrug. iRGD could promote RLPA-NPs penetration into deep tumor tissue, and specific targeting to cancer cells. After internalization by cancer cells through receptor-mediated endocytosis, OA-P(Asp-API) can rapidly protonate in the endosome’s acidic environment, resulting in RLPA-NPs escape from the endosome through the “proton sponge effect”. At the same time, the RLPA-NPs micelle disassembles, releasing Lap and PTX-prodrug. Subsequently, the released Lap could generate ROS, consequently amplifying and accelerating PTX release to kill tumor cells. The in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that RLPA-NPs can significantly improve the therapeutic effect compared to control groups. Therefore, RLPA-NPs are a promising nanoplatform for overcoming multiple physiol. and pathol. barriers to enhance drug delivery. The experimental process involved the reaction of N-(3-Aminopropyl)-imidazole(cas: 5036-48-6).Electric Literature of 5036-48-6

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Suo, Hongbo et al. published their research in Carbohydrate Polymers in 2020 |CAS: 5036-48-6

The Article related to ionic liquid modified cellulose coated magnetic nanoparticle enzyme immobilization, covalent immobilization, enzymatic performance, hydrophobicity, ionic liquids, magnetic cellulose nanoparticles and other aspects.SDS of cas: 5036-48-6

On April 15, 2020, Suo, Hongbo; Xu, Lili; Xue, Yu; Qiu, Xiang; Huang, He; Hu, Yi published an article.SDS of cas: 5036-48-6 The title of the article was Ionic liquids-modified cellulose coated magnetic nanoparticles for enzyme immobilization: Improvement of catalytic performance. And the article contained the following:

In this work, ionic liquids-modified magnetic CM-cellulose nanoparticles (IL-MCMC) were prepared and used as supports for enzyme immobilization. The specific activity of immobilized lipase PPL-IL-MCMC was 1.43 and 2.81 folds higher than that of free PPL and PPL-MCMC, resp. Water contact angle anal. indicated that the introduction of ionic liquids increased the hydrophobicity of supports, which in tune induced the lid-opening of lipase, allowing its active sites to become more accessible. In addition, the affinity between lipase and substrate immobilized on the prepared supports was enhanced. The same method was also applied to analyze immobilize penicillin G acylase (PGA) to further investigate the general applicability of the method. The results showed that the immobilized PGA exhibited higher stability than many other reported PGAs. The developed composites may be utilized as excellent supports for enzyme immobilization in industrial application. The experimental process involved the reaction of N-(3-Aminopropyl)-imidazole(cas: 5036-48-6).SDS of cas: 5036-48-6

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Boix, C. et al. published their research in Science of the Total Environment in 2014 |CAS: 73590-85-9

The Article related to omeprazole metabolite wastewater surface water urine analysis sample pollution, metabolites, omeprazole, time-of-flight mass spectrometry, triple quadrupole mass spectrometry, urine, water samples and other aspects.Recommanded Product: 5-Methoxy-2-[[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-2-pyridyl)methyl]thio]benzimidazole

On January 15, 2014, Boix, C.; Ibanez, M.; Zamora, T.; Sancho, J. V.; Niessen, W. M. A.; Hernandez, F. published an article.Recommanded Product: 5-Methoxy-2-[[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-2-pyridyl)methyl]thio]benzimidazole The title of the article was Identification of new omeprazole metabolites in wastewaters and surface waters. And the article contained the following:

Omeprazole is 1 of the world-wide most consumed pharmaceuticals for treatment of gastric diseases. As opposed to other frequently used pharmaceuticals, omeprazole is scarcely detected in urban wastewaters and environmental waters. This was corroborated in a previous research, where parent omeprazole was not detected while 4 transformation products (TPs), mainly resulting from hydrolysis, were found in effluent wastewaters and surface waters. However, the low abundance of omeprazole TPs in the H2O samples together with the fact that omeprazole suffers an extensive metabolism, with a wide range of excretion rates (between 0.01 and 30)̂, suggests that human urinary metabolites should be studied in the H2O environment. The results obtained in excretion tests after administration of a 40 mg omeprazole dose in 3 healthy volunteers are reported. Anal. by liquid chromatog. coupled to hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF MS) reported low concentrations of omeprazole in urine. Up to 20-four omeprazole metabolites (OMs) were detected and tentatively elucidated. The most relevant OM was an omeprazole isomer, which obviously presented the same exact mass (m/z 346.1225), but also shared a major common fragment at m/z 198.0589. Subsequent analyses of surface H2O and effluent wastewater samples by both LC-QTOF MS and LC-MS/MS with triple quadrupole revealed that this metabolite (named as OM10) was the compound most frequently detected in H2O samples, followed by OM14a and OM14b. Up to the knowledge, OM10 had not been used before as urinary biomarker of omeprazole in waters. On the contrary, parent omeprazole was never detected in any of the H2O samples. After this research, it seems clear that monitoring the presence of omeprazole in the aquatic environment should be focused on the OMs suggested in this article instead of the parent compound The experimental process involved the reaction of 5-Methoxy-2-[[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-2-pyridyl)methyl]thio]benzimidazole(cas: 73590-85-9).Recommanded Product: 5-Methoxy-2-[[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-2-pyridyl)methyl]thio]benzimidazole

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Bubyrev, Andrey et al. published their research in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2021 |CAS: 5036-48-6

The Article related to triazolyl sulfonamide preparation, triazolinyl sulfonamide preparation diastereoselective oxidative aromatization, acetyl diazomethane sulfonamide amine aldehyde three component dipolar cycloaddition and other aspects.COA of Formula: C6H11N3

On October 1, 2021, Bubyrev, Andrey; Adamchik, Maria; Darin, Dmitry; Kantin, Grigory; Krasavin, Mikhail published an article.COA of Formula: C6H11N3 The title of the article was Metal-Free Three-Component Synthesis of 1,2,3-Triazoline-4-Sulfonamides. And the article contained the following:

A new type of diazo compounds, namely, CH-diazomethane sulfonamides (generated in situ from readily available α-acetyl-α-diazomethane sulfonamides MeC(O)C(=N2)S(O)2NRR1 [R = Me; R1 = Ph, Bn, 4-fluorophenyl; RR1 = -(CH2)4-, -(CH2)2O(CH2)2-]) was employed in a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction with imines (also formed in situ from primary amines R2NH2 (R2 = n-Bu, cyclopentyl, morpholino, etc.) and aldehydes R3CHO (R3 = cyclopropyl, Ph, pyridin-3-yl, etc.)). The reaction gave hitherto undescribed 1,5-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazolin-4-yl sulfonamides I which were obtained in good to excellent yields and complete trans-diastereoselectivity. Oxidative aromatization of 1,2,3-triazolin-4-yl sulfonamides by manganese(IV) oxide gave nearly quant. yields of 1,2,3-triazol-4-yl sulfonamides II of which only two examples have been reported in the literature. The experimental process involved the reaction of N-(3-Aminopropyl)-imidazole(cas: 5036-48-6).COA of Formula: C6H11N3

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Zuo, Weiguo team published research in Dalton Transactions in 2022 | 3034-50-2

Product Details of C4H4N2O, 1H-Imidazole-4-carbaldehyde, also known as 1H-Imidazole-4-carbaldehyde, is a useful research compound. Its molecular formula is C4H4N2O and its molecular weight is 96.09 g/mol. The purity is usually 95%.
The starting material for a practical synthesis of a potent C17,20-lyase inhibitor. The lyase is a key enzyme in androgen biosynthesis as well as a target for treatment of androgen-dependent prostate cancer. Used to synthesize potent antimalarial drug.
1H-Imidazole-4-carbaldehyde is a chemical compound that has been shown to bind to the glucocorticoid receptor. It was synthesized by reacting 1,2-diaminobenzene with formaldehyde and then hydrolyzing the intermediate imidazolium salt, which is stable in acidic solutions. The complex can be prepared by mixing two solutions of imidazole and trifluoroacetic acid. The ligand has a redox potential of -0.1 V (vs NHE). This means it can be oxidized to the carbonyl group or reduced back to the imidazole ring. The compound is stable in neutral solution and forms stable complexes with metal ions such as Cu+, Fe3+, and Zn2+. It also coordinates well with oxygen atoms, nitrogen atoms, and water molecules. 1H-Imidazole-4-carbaldehyde has been shown to bind to glucocortic, 3034-50-2.

Imidazole is a five-membered heterocyclic moiety that possesses three carbon, two nitrogen, four hydrogen atoms, and two double bonds. 3034-50-2, formula is C4H4N2O, Name is Imidazole-4-carbaldehyde. It is also known as 1, 3-diazole. It contains two nitrogen atoms, in which one nitrogen bear a hydrogen atom, and the other is called pyrrole type nitrogen. Product Details of C4H4N2O.

Zuo, Weiguo;Yang, Shunbin;Xing, Yajie;Xiao, Xiwen;Fan, Duona;Li, Hengyu;Wang, Guanqun;Qin, Bin;You, Song;Jia, Xian research published 《 Amorphous zirconium metal-organic frameworks assembled from mixed porphyrins as solvent-free catalysts for Knoevenagel condensation》, the research content is summarized as follows. Three mixed porphyrins, icpp (1–3), were synthesized via the reactions of 4-formylbenzoic acid and 4-imidazolecarboxaldehyde, and then five amorphous or crystalline Zr-MOFs-SPUZ (1–5) were obtained from icpp (1–3), timp and tcpp, resp. The catalytic activities of the synthesized porphyrins and MOFs were studied on the Knoevenagel condensation of aldehydes and malononitrile under solvent-free conditions. Among them, amorphous MOF SPUZ–1 showed the highest catalytic activity. Further studies on various aldehydes demonstrated that most reactions were completed with a low catalyst loading (1 mol%) in a short reaction time (5-30 min), and the best result was obtained with the yield of 99.9% within 5 min. Moreover, SPUZ–1 could be recycled 7 times without significant loss of activity.

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Zulu, Ayanda I. team published research in Molecules in 2020 | 3034-50-2

Computed Properties of 3034-50-2, 1H-Imidazole-4-carbaldehyde, also known as 1H-Imidazole-4-carbaldehyde, is a useful research compound. Its molecular formula is C4H4N2O and its molecular weight is 96.09 g/mol. The purity is usually 95%.
The starting material for a practical synthesis of a potent C17,20-lyase inhibitor. The lyase is a key enzyme in androgen biosynthesis as well as a target for treatment of androgen-dependent prostate cancer. Used to synthesize potent antimalarial drug.
1H-Imidazole-4-carbaldehyde is a chemical compound that has been shown to bind to the glucocorticoid receptor. It was synthesized by reacting 1,2-diaminobenzene with formaldehyde and then hydrolyzing the intermediate imidazolium salt, which is stable in acidic solutions. The complex can be prepared by mixing two solutions of imidazole and trifluoroacetic acid. The ligand has a redox potential of -0.1 V (vs NHE). This means it can be oxidized to the carbonyl group or reduced back to the imidazole ring. The compound is stable in neutral solution and forms stable complexes with metal ions such as Cu+, Fe3+, and Zn2+. It also coordinates well with oxygen atoms, nitrogen atoms, and water molecules. 1H-Imidazole-4-carbaldehyde has been shown to bind to glucocortic, 3034-50-2.

Imidazole based anticancer drug find applications in cancer chemotherapy. 3034-50-2, formula is C4H4N2O, Name is Imidazole-4-carbaldehyde. It is used as buffer component for purification of the histidine tagged recombinant proteins in immobilized metal-affinity chromatography (IMAC). Computed Properties of 3034-50-2.

Zulu, Ayanda I.;Oderinlo, Ogunyemi O.;Kruger, Cuan;Isaacs, Michelle;Hoppe, Heinrich C.;Smith, Vincent J.;Veale, Clinton G. L.;Khanye, Setshaba D. research published 《 Synthesis, structure and in-vitro antitrypanosomal activity of non-toxic arylpyrrole-based chalcone derivatives》, the research content is summarized as follows. With an intention of identifying chalcone derivatives exhibiting anti-protozoal activity, a cohort of relatively unexplored arylpyrrole-based chalcone derivatives were synthesized in moderate to good yields. The resultant compounds were evaluated in-vitro for their potential activity against a cultured Trypanosoma brucei brucei 427 strain. Several compounds displayed mostly modest in-vitro anti-trypanosomal activity with compounds I and II emerging as active candidates with IC₅₀ values of 4.09 and 5.11μM, resp. More importantly, a concomitant assessment of their activity against a human cervix adenocarcinoma (HeLa) cell line revealed that these compounds were non-toxic.

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Zozik, Yunus team published research in Dalton Transactions in 2021 | 1739-84-0

HPLC of Formula: 1739-84-0, 1,2-Dimethylimidazole is used in the synthesis of 1,2-dimethyl-3-n-butylimidazoliumchloride and 1,2-dimethyl-3-n-propylimidazolium chloride. It also can be used in the synthesis of 1-(2-methoxyethyl)-2,3-dimethylimidazolium chloride and hexafluorophosphate salts.
1,2-Dimethylimidazole is a heterocyclic compound that contains nitrogen and carbon. It can be produced by the reaction between glyoxal and fatty acid in the presence of a base. 1,2-Dimethylimidazole has been shown to have biological properties such as an antioxidant effect. It is also used as a chemical intermediate for production of other chemicals such as 2-methylimidazole and 3-methylimidazole. 1,2-Dimethylimidazole has been shown to react with metal carbonyls to produce methylimines, which are useful intermediates in organic synthesis. The reaction mechanism involves hydrogen bonding and steric interactions between the imidazole ring and the metal carbonyl reactant., 1739-84-0.

Imidazole is a five-membered heterocyclic moiety that possesses three carbon, two nitrogen, four hydrogen atoms, and two double bonds. 1739-84-0, formula is C5H8N2, Name is 1,2-Dimethyl-1H-imidazole. It is also known as 1, 3-diazole. It contains two nitrogen atoms, in which one nitrogen bear a hydrogen atom, and the other is called pyrrole type nitrogen. HPLC of Formula: 1739-84-0.

Zozik, Yunus;Sevim, Melike;Lafzi, Ferruh;Kilic, Haydar;Metin, Onder research published 《 Magnetically recoverable nickel-palladium alloy nanocatalysts for direct C-H arylation reactions》, the research content is summarized as follows. Novel magnetically recoverable nanocatalyst comprising nickel-palladium (NiPd) alloy nanoparticles (NPs) supported on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) modified with cobalt ferrite (CoFe₂O₄) NPs was fabricated for the direct C-H arylation of imidazopyridine, imidazole, indolizine and furan with aryl halides. To prepare the presented catalyst, rGO nanosheets were first modified with as-synthesized CoFe₂O₄ NPs and then the obtained CoFe₂O₄-rGO nanocomposites served as a support material for the synthesis of bimetallic NiPd alloy NPs at various compositions The obtained CoFe₂O₄-rGO/NiPd nanocatalysts were characterized by many advanced anal. techniques including TEM, STEM-EDS, XRD, XPS, and ICP-MS. Next, to optimize the reaction conditions, CoFe₂O₄-rGO/NiPd nanocatalysts with different alloy compositions and their monometallic counterparts (CoFe₂O₄-rGO/Ni and CoFe₂O₄-rGO/Pd) were initially tested in the direct C-H arylation of imidazopyridine with bromobenzene. Among all tested nanocatalysts under the optimum reaction conditions, CoFe₂O₄-rGO/Ni₂₀Pd₈₀ showed the best catalytic activity in terms of the isolated product yields. The C-H arylation reactions were studied over a broad substrate scope (35 examples from 36 substrates) and gave the related biaryl products in good to excellent yields. Besides a broad substrate scope, the late-stage C-H arylation of zolimidine, a gastroprotective drug, was realized under the optimized reaction conditions. Moreover, the CoFe₂O₄-rGO/Ni₂₀Pd₈₀ nanocatalysts were recovered from the reaction medium using a simple magnet and reused in the C-H arylation reactions up to five consecutive runs without a significant drop in the product yield. This study shows that magnetically recoverable Pd nanoalloys are promising heterogeneous catalysts to be used in sustainable C-H functionalization reactions.

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Zhu, Yanshuo team published research in Organic Letters in 2020 | 250285-32-6

Reference of 250285-32-6, 1,3-Bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazolium chloride, also known as 1,3-Bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazolium chloride, is a useful research compound. Its molecular formula is C27H37ClN2 and its molecular weight is 425 g/mol. The purity is usually 95%.

1,3-Bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazolium chloride has been used to generate N-heterocyclic carbene catalysts for use in carbonylative cross-coupling of pyridyl halides with aryl boronic acids.

1,3-Bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazolium Chloride is an imidazolium salt that is active against all stages of Trypanosoma cruzi and may represent a promising candidate for treatment of Chagas disease.

1,3-Bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazolium chloride is an organic compound that is used as a solvent. It was originally synthesized by reacting triethyl orthoformate with 2,6-diisopropylaniline. This reaction formed the corresponding imidazolium salt. The synthesis of this compound was later improved by using ring-opening polymerization of glycolide and furfural. 1,3-Bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazolium chloride is mainly used to extract estradiol from urine samples in clinical laboratories., 250285-32-6.

The solubility of imidazoles in ethers is lower than that in alcohols and decreases with increasing chain length of the ethers . 250285-32-6, formula is C27H37ClN2, Name is 1,3-Bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazolium chloride. In contrast, the solubility of benzimidazoles in alcohols (C3–C6) is higher than in water and generally decreases with an increase of the alkyl chain length of the alcohols. Reference of 250285-32-6.

Zhu, Yanshuo;Shi, Jingcheng;Yu, Wei research published 《 Photoinduced Site-Selective C(sp³)-H Chlorination of Aliphatic Amides》, the research content is summarized as follows. Herein, we report a new photochem. method for C(sp³)-H chlorination of amides which employs tert-Bu hypochlorite as the chlorinating agent and a household compact fluorescent lamp as the light source. The reaction proceeds via N-heterocyclic carbene SIPr·HCl-promoted N-H chlorination and subsequent photoinduced Hofmann-Löffler-Freytag chlorine atom transfer. The latter process is facilitated by (diacetoxyiodo)benzene. This protocol exhibits a broad scope and is suitable for site-selective chlorination of Me hydrogen as well as methylene and methine hydrogen.

1,3-Bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazolium chloride has been used to generate N-heterocyclic carbene catalysts for use in carbonylative cross-coupling of pyridyl halides with aryl boronic acids.

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem