Author: Jessica.F

In 2019,Analytical Chemistry (Washington, DC, United States) included an article by Wu, Yafeng; Zhang, Fen; Wang, Kan; Luo, Peicheng; Wei, Yuanqing; Liu, Songqin. Category: imidazoles-derivatives. The article was titled 《Activatable Fluorescence Imaging and Targeted Drug Delivery via Extracellular Vesicle-Like Porous Coordination Polymer Nanoparticles》. The information in the text is summarized as follows:

Cancer imaging with minimal background signal and targeted intracellular drug delivery are of vital importance in clin. cancer diagnosis and therapy. Herein, we developed a biomimetic nanoprobe for activated fluorescence imaging and targeted drug delivery. PH-responsive porous coordination polymer nanoparticles (PCP NPs) were first synthesized by a codeposition method, anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) was then loaded into PCP NPs through phys. and electrostatic adsorption (PCP-DOX), and finally the cell membranes extracted from Bel-7402 cancer cells were coated on the DOX-loaded PCP NPs (PCP-DOX-CM). The fluorescence of DOX was quenched due to the fluorescence resonance energy transfer between DOX and PCP NPs. Under acidic environment inside cancer cells, PCP NPs degraded, DOX was released from PCP-DOX-CM, and the fluorescence of DOX was activated, which was very specific for cancers with a high signal-to-noise ratio. Benefited from immune escaping and homologous targeting ability from cancer cell membranes, compared with PCP-CM and PCP-DOX, PCP-DOX-CM significantly enhanced the cellular endocytosis of DOX in Bel-7402 cancer cells and exhibited excellent cancer therapy effect in vitro. Together, our work provides a useful platform for an activated cancer imaging system and personalized cancer treatment. After reading the article, we found that the author used Di(1H-imidazol-1-yl)methanone(cas: 530-62-1Category: imidazoles-derivatives)

Di(1H-imidazol-1-yl)methanone(cas: 530-62-1) is a peptide coupling reagent,it is used in the synthesis of peptides. Reacts readily with carboxylic acids to form acyl imidazoles; subsequent reaction with amines to form amides goes smoothly.Category: imidazoles-derivatives

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

In 2019,Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology included an article by Nosrati, Hamed; Barzegari, Parisa; Danafar, Hossein; Kheiri Manjili, Hamidreza. HPLC of Formula: 58-85-5. The article was titled 《Biotin-functionalized copolymeric PEG-PCL micelles for in vivo tumour-targeted delivery of artemisinin》. The information in the text is summarized as follows:

Artemisinin is used as an antimalarial and anticancer agent with minimal toxic effects on the host body. Biotin-PEG-PCL polymers have been used for targeted drug delivery to cancer, as well as to improve the pharmacokinetics of the drug and reduce its effects. In this study, biotin-conjugated copolymers were fabricated with polymerization of the ring opening method and the properties of copolymer and nanoparticles were investigated using various techniques. The toxicity of artemisinin and its nanoparticles have been investigated on MCF-7 and normal HFF2 cells. The results showed that the encapsulation efficacy of artemisinin in nanoparticles was 45.5 ± 0.41%. The release profile of the drug indicates that the release is slow and controlled and is approx. pH dependent. The results of artemisinin cell culture on human breast cancer cells showed that biotin-PEG-PCL nanoparticles had an inhibitory effect on MCF-7 cells and had no toxic effects on HFF2 cells. Anticancer activity in vivo in the 4T1 breast cancer model showed that tumor volumes were decreased up 40 mm3 by ART-loaded micelles and 76 mm3 by free ART, compared to the control group (2150 mm). In vivo results showed that this formulation significantly increases the accumulation of substances in the tumors. Therefore, the mol. formulation of ART-based copolymers can be a desirable process for cancer treatment purposes. The experimental part of the paper was very detailed, including the reaction process of 5-((3aS,4S,6aR)-2-Oxohexahydro-1H-thieno[3,4-d]imidazol-4-yl)pentanoic acid(cas: 58-85-5HPLC of Formula: 58-85-5)

5-((3aS,4S,6aR)-2-Oxohexahydro-1H-thieno[3,4-d]imidazol-4-yl)pentanoic acid(cas: 58-85-5) may be used to elute proteins from avidin/streptavidin resins. It has been used for culturing of oligodendrocytes.HPLC of Formula: 58-85-5 The biotin/avidin or biotin/streptavidin interaction is utilized in many labeling and purification schemes.

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

In 2019,International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer included an article by Chu, Chunyan; Zhang, Fanbin; Zhu, Chunying; Fu, Taotao; Ma, Youguang. SDS of cas: 174501-65-6. The article was titled 《Mass transfer characteristics of CO2 absorption into 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate aqueous solution in microchannel》. The information in the text is summarized as follows:

The mass transfer characteristics of CO2 absorption into aqueous solution of ionic liquid in microchannel was investigated exptl. by a high speed camera. The influences of the ratio of gas and liquid flow rates (QG/QL) and the concentration of ionic liquid on the liquid side volumetric mass transfer coefficient (kLa), liquid side mass transfer coefficient (kL) and length of mass transfer zone (LM) were studied systematically. The results show that both kLa and kL increase but LM decreases with the increasing QG/QL and the concentration of ionic liquid Taking the enhancement of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([bmim][BF4]) on the mass transfer into account, a dimensionless correlation for predicting kLa was proposed. This work is conducive to the design, optimization and the application of the microchannel reactor for CO2 capture and removal. After reading the article, we found that the author used 3-Butyl-1-methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium tetrafluoroborate(cas: 174501-65-6SDS of cas: 174501-65-6)

3-Butyl-1-methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium tetrafluoroborate(cas: 174501-65-6) is a member of lonic liquids. A multidisciplinary study on lonic liquids is emerging, including chemistry, materials science, chemical engineering, and environmental science. More specifically, some important fundamental viewpoints are now different from the original concepts, as insights into the nature of lonic liquids become deeper. For example, the physicochemical properties of lonic liquids are now recognized as ranging broadly from the oft quoted “nonvolatile, non-flammable, and air and water stable” to those that are distinctly volatile, flammable, and unstable. SDS of cas: 174501-65-6

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

The author of 《Aggregation-induced emission: lighting up herg potassium channel》 were Zhang, Xiaomeng; Liu, Tingting; Li, Qi; Li, Minyong; Du, Lupei. And the article was published in Frontiers in Chemistry (Lausanne, Switzerland) in 2019. Category: imidazoles-derivatives The author mentioned the following in the article:

Based on the scaffold of astemizole and E-4031, four AIE light-up probes (L1-L4) for Human Ether-a-go-go-Related Gene (hERG) potassium channel were developed herein using AIE fluorogen(TPE). These probes showing advantages such as low background interference, superior photostability, acceptable cell toxicity, and potent inhibitory activity, which could be used to image hERG channels at the nanomolar level. These AIE light-up probes hoped to provide guidelines for the design of more advanced AIE sensing and imaging hERG channels to a broad range of applications. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Chloro-1H-benzo[d]imidazole(cas: 4857-06-1Category: imidazoles-derivatives)

2-Chloro-1H-benzo[d]imidazole(cas: 4857-06-1) is an analog of benzimidazole that has been synthesized by Langmuir adsorption isotherm. It is a white crystalline solid that can be dissolved in water and hydrochloric acid. 2-Chloro-1H-benzo[d]imidazole inhibits the growth of herpes simplex virus by acting as a competitive inhibitor for the viral enzyme thymidine kinase, which catalyzes the conversion of thymine to thymidine.Category: imidazoles-derivatives

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

The author of 《Hydrogen bonding promoted simple and clean photo-induced reduction of C-X bond with isopropanol》 were Cao, Dawei; Yan, Chaoxian; Zhou, Panpan; Zeng, Huiying; Li, Chao-Jun. And the article was published in Chemical Communications (Cambridge, United Kingdom) in 2019. Name: 2-Chloro-1H-benzo[d]imidazole The author mentioned the following in the article:

We herein report a simple and clean photo-induced metal-free reduction of C-X bond under an atm. of air at room temperature Isopropanol is used as both the reducing reagent and solvent [e.g., Me 4-iodobenzoate → Me benzoate (96%) under UV irradiation in isopropanol]. Various functional groups (acids, esters, alcs., anilines, phenols, indoles, pyridines, cyano and trifluoromethyl groups) and other heterocyclic compounds are tolerated. Different organic halides (including C-I, C-Br and C-Cl bonds) can be dehalogenated with moderate to excellent yields. Polyhalides are also reduced chemoselectively and efficiently. DFT calculation suggests a six-membered ring transition state via C-X···H-O hydrogen bonding to decrease the activation energy. After reading the article, we found that the author used 2-Chloro-1H-benzo[d]imidazole(cas: 4857-06-1Name: 2-Chloro-1H-benzo[d]imidazole)

2-Chloro-1H-benzo[d]imidazole(cas: 4857-06-1) is an analog of benzimidazole that has been synthesized by Langmuir adsorption isotherm. It is a white crystalline solid that can be dissolved in water and hydrochloric acid. 2-Chloro-1H-benzo[d]imidazole inhibits the growth of herpes simplex virus by acting as a competitive inhibitor for the viral enzyme thymidine kinase, which catalyzes the conversion of thymine to thymidine.Name: 2-Chloro-1H-benzo[d]imidazole

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

《Imidazolium-based ionic liquids cause mammalian cell death due to modulated structures and dynamics of cellular membrane》 was written by Bakshi, Karishma; Mitra, Saheli; Sharma, Veerendra Kumar; Jayadev, Magani Sri Krishna; Sakai, Victoria Garcia; Mukhopadhyay, Ramaprasad; Gupta, Ashish; Ghosh, Sajal Kumar. Category: imidazoles-derivatives And the article was included in Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, Biomembranes in 2020. The article conveys some information:

Here, we report the toxic effects of various imidazolium-based ionic liquids (ILs) with varying hydrocarbon chain lengths, on different human cell lines. Multiple biol. assays have shown that the ILs with long hydrocarbon chains have stronger adverse effect especially on human liver cancer cells (Huh-7.5 cells). Further, our study has confirmed that the ILs induce necrosis dependent cell death and that it is related to cell membrane damage. To understand the mol. mechanism of such an effect, the cellular membranes were mimicked as lipid monolayers formed at the air-water interface and then as lipid bilayer vesicles. The pressure area-isotherms measured from the monolayer have shown that the interaction of ILs with the lipid layer is energetically favorable. The addition of these ILs reduces the in-plane elasticity of the self-assembled mol. layer. Quasielastic neutron scattering data clearly indicate that ILs in liver lipid vesicles significantly affects the dynamics of the lipid, in particular, the lateral motion of the lipids. It has been concluded that the mammalian cell death induced by these ILs is due to the modulated structure and altered phys. properties of the cellular membrane. In the part of experimental materials, we found many familiar compounds, such as 3-Butyl-1-methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium tetrafluoroborate(cas: 174501-65-6Category: imidazoles-derivatives)

3-Butyl-1-methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium tetrafluoroborate(cas: 174501-65-6) is a member of lonic liquids. A multidisciplinary study on lonic liquids is emerging, including chemistry, materials science, chemical engineering, and environmental science. More specifically, some important fundamental viewpoints are now different from the original concepts, as insights into the nature of lonic liquids become deeper. For example, the physicochemical properties of lonic liquids are now recognized as ranging broadly from the oft quoted “nonvolatile, non-flammable, and air and water stable” to those that are distinctly volatile, flammable, and unstable. Category: imidazoles-derivatives

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

《Photoredox chemistry in the synthesis of 2-aminoazoles implicated in prebiotic nucleic acid synthesis》 was written by Liu, Ziwei; Wu, Long-Fei; Bond, Andrew D.; Sutherland, John D.. HPLC of Formula: 7720-39-0 And the article was included in Chemical Communications (Cambridge, United Kingdom) in 2020. The article conveys some information:

Prebiotically plausible ferrocyanide-ferricyanide photoredox cycling oxidatively converts thiourea to cyanamide, while HCN is reductively homologated to intermediates which either react directly with the cyanamide giving 2-aminoazoles, or have the potential to do so upon loss of HCN from the system. Thiourea itself is produced by heating ammonium thiocyanate, a product of the reaction of HCN and hydrogen sulfide under UV irradiation The experimental part of the paper was very detailed, including the reaction process of 1H-Imidazol-2-amine(cas: 7720-39-0HPLC of Formula: 7720-39-0)

1H-Imidazol-2-amine(cas: 7720-39-0) belongs to anime. Amines have a free lone pair with which they can coordinate to metal centers. Amine–metal bonds are weaker because amines are incapable of backbonding, but they are still important for sensing applications.While stronger than hydrogen bonds, amine–metal bonds are still weaker than both covalent and ionic bonds.HPLC of Formula: 7720-39-0

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

《2-aminobenzimidazoles for leishmaniasis: From initial hit discovery to in vivo profiling》 was written by Ferreira, Rafael Augusto Alves; Junior, Celso de Oliveira Rezende; Martinez, Pablo David Grigol; Koovits, Paul John; Soares, Bruna Miranda; Ferreira, Leonardo L. G.; Michelan-Duarte, Simone; Chelucci, Rafael Consolin; Andricopulo, Adriano D.; Galuppo, Mariana K.; Uliana, Silvia R. B.; Matheeussen, An; Caljon, Guy; Maes, Louis; Campbell, Simon; Kratz, Jadel M.; Mowbray, Charles E.; Dias, Luiz Carlos. Recommanded Product: 1H-Benzo[d]imidazol-2-amine And the article was included in PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases in 2021. The article conveys some information:

Leishmaniasis is a major infectious disease with hundreds of thousands of new cases and over 20,000 deaths each year. The current drugs to treat this life-threatening infection have several drawbacks such as toxicity and long treatment regimens. A library of 1.8 million compounds, from which the hits reported here are publicly available, was screened against Leishmania infantum as part of an optimization program; a compound was found with a 2-aminobenzimidazole functionality presenting moderate potency, low metabolic stability and high lipophilicity. Several rounds of synthesis were performed to incorporate chem. groups capable of reducing lipophilicity and clearance, leading to the identification of compounds that are active against different parasite strains and have improved in vitro properties. As a result of this optimization program, a group of compounds was further tested in anticipation of in vivo evaluation. In vivo tests were carried out with compounds 29 (L. infantum IC50: 4.1 μM) and 39 (L. infantum IC50: 0.5 μM) in an acute L. infantum VL mouse model, which showed problems of poor exposure and lack of efficacy, despite the good in vitro potency. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1H-Benzo[d]imidazol-2-amine(cas: 934-32-7Recommanded Product: 1H-Benzo[d]imidazol-2-amine)

1H-Benzo[d]imidazol-2-amine(cas: 934-32-7) can be used in the hydrolysis of a choline carbonate. It was also used in the synthesis of imidazo[1,2-a]benzimidazoles.Recommanded Product: 1H-Benzo[d]imidazol-2-amine

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Formula: C3H3BrN2In 2017 ,《Ruthenium-Catalyzed Alkyne trans-Hydrometalation: Mechanistic Insights and Preparative Implications》 was published in Journal of the American Chemical Society. The article was written by Rosca, Dragos-Adrian; Radkowski, Karin; Wolf, Larry M.; Wagh, Minal; Goddard, Richard; Thiel, Walter; Fuerstner, Alois. The article contains the following contents:

[Cp*RuCl]4 (1) has previously been shown to be the precatalyst of choice for stereochem. unorthodox trans-hydrometalations of internal alkynes. Exptl. and computational data now prove that the alkyne primarily acts as a four-electron donor ligand to the catalytically active metal fragment [Cp*RuCl] but switches to adopt a two-electron donor character once the reagent R3MH (M = Si, Ge, Sn) enters the ligand sphere. In the stereodetermining step the resulting loaded complex evolves via an inner-sphere mechanism into a ruthenacyclopropene which swiftly transforms into the product. In accord with the low computed barriers, spectral and preparative data show that the reaction is not only possible but sometimes even favored at low temperatures Importantly, such trans-hydrometalations are distinguished by excellent levels of regioselectivity when unsym. alkynes are used that carry an -OH or -NHR group in vicinity of the triple bond. A nascent hydrogen bridge between the protic substituent and the polarized [Ru-Cl] unit imposes directionality onto the ligand sphere of the relevant intermediates, which ultimately accounts for the selective delivery of the R3M- group to the acetylene C-atom proximal to the steering substituent. The interligand hydrogen bonding also allows site-selectivity to be harnessed in reactions of polyunsaturated compounds, since propargylic substrates bind more tightly than ordinary alkynes; even the electronically coupled triple bonds of conjugated 1,3-diynes can be faithfully discriminated as long as one of them is propargylic. Finally, properly positioned protic sites lead to a substantially increased substrate scope in that they render even 1,3-enynes, arylalkynes, and electron-rich alkynylated heterocycles amenable to trans-hydrometalation which are otherwise catalyst poisons. In the experiment, the researchers used 2-Bromo-1H-imidazole(cas: 16681-56-4Formula: C3H3BrN2)

2-Bromo-1H-imidazole(cas: 16681-56-4) is a member of imidazole. Its exclusive structural characteristics with enviable electron-rich features are favorable for imidazole-based fused heterocycles to bind efficiently with an array of enzymes and receptors in biological systems through various weak interactions like hydrogen bonds, ion-dipole, cation-π, π-π stacking, coordination, Van der Waals forces, hydrophobic effects, etc., and therefore they demonstrate widespread bioactivities. Formula: C3H3BrN2

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Kocadagistan, B.; Kocadagistan, E.; Topcu, N.; Demircioglu, N. published an article on January 31 ,2005. The article was titled 《Wastewater treatment with combined upflow anaerobic fixed-bed and suspended aerobic reactor equipped with a membrane unit》, and you may find the article in Process Biochemistry (Oxford, United Kingdom).Quality Control of 6-Methoxy-2-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole The information in the text is summarized as follows:

A combined upflow anaerobic fixed-bed, using pumice as a biofilter material, and a suspended aerobic activated sludge bioreactor equipped with a microfiltration (MF) unit has been designed. This system exhibited high performance on the removal of organic matter. COD removal efficiencies were in the range of 94-98.7% with organic loading rates of 3.67-16.56 Kg COD/m3-day. Phosphorous and nitrogenous materials were removed from the wastewater as well as COD. High PO43–P removal efficiencies (96-97%) were achieved. NO2–N and NO3–N concentrations in the effluent of MF were <1.0 mg/L through most experiments Suspended solids in the effluent were below detectable levels. Biofilm development and microbial communities were studied using SEM. The experimental process involved the reaction of 6-Methoxy-2-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole(cas: 3671-65-6Quality Control of 6-Methoxy-2-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole)

6-Methoxy-2-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole(cas: 3671-65-6) belongs to imidazoles.Imidazole rings are also present in imidazole ring alkaloids, which are potential therapeutics for thrombosis, cancer and inflammatory diseases.Quality Control of 6-Methoxy-2-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole Although other azole heterocycles are ubiquitous in a wide range of biologically active natural products, imidazole rings occur predominantly in the natural amino acid histidine.

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem