Author: Jessica.F

The effect of an electron-withdrawing group in the imidazolium cation: the case of nitro-functionalized imidazolium salts as acidic catalysts for the acetylation of glycerol was written by Morais, Eduardo M.;Grillo, Igor B.;Stassen, Hubert K.;Seferin, Marcus;Scholten, Jackson D.. And the article was included in New Journal of Chemistry in 2018.Quality Control of 1-Methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium chloride This article mentions the following:

The acetylation of glycerol was achieved with high conversion and selectivity towards triacetin at low temperatures and short reaction times by using acidic imidazolium salts as catalysts. Moreover, the addition of a nitro group to the imidazolium cation affords a much more competent catalyst, indicating a significant effect provided by the simple electronic change in the imidazolium cation. Theor. calculations revealed increased polarization of the acidic hydrogen bond on the nitrated salts, which may be related to their superior catalytic behavior when compared to the non-functionalized salts. Combining the preliminary exptl. and theor. results, it is possible to suppose that the catalytic activity of acidic imidazolium salts may be better comprehended by its Bronsted acidities, but other parameters such as hardness, electronegativity, electrophilicity and ion-pair binding energy were also evaluated in order to investigate their effects in the acetylation of glycerol promoted by these acidic imidazolium salts. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium chloride (cas: 35487-17-3Quality Control of 1-Methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium chloride).

1-Methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium chloride (cas: 35487-17-3) belongs to imidazole derivatives. Many natural products, especially alkaloids, contain the imidazole ring. These imidazoles share the 1,3-C3N2 ring but feature varied substituents. Imidazole derivatives have antibacterial, antifungal and anticancer functionality. It interacts with DNA and also binds to protein and stops cell division.Quality Control of 1-Methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium chloride

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Unraveling the antitrypanosomal mechanism of benznidazole and related 2-nitroimidazoles: From prodrug activation to DNA damage was written by Dattani, Ambika;Drammeh, Isatou;Mahmood, Aishah;Rahman, Mahbubur;Szular, Joanna;Wilkinson, Shane R.. And the article was included in Molecular Microbiology in 2021.Application In Synthesis of 2-(2-Nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)acetic acid This article mentions the following:

Nitroheterocycles represent an important class of compound used to treat trypanosomiasis. They often function as prodrugs and can undergo type I nitroreductase (NTR1)-mediated activation before promoting their antiparasitic activities although the nature of these downstream effects has yet to be determined Here, we show that in an NTR1-dependent process, benznidazole promotes DNA damage in the nuclear genome of Trypanosoma brucei, providing the first direct link between activation of this prodrug and a downstream trypanocidal mechanism. Phenotypic and protein expression studies revealed that components of the trypanosome′s homologous recombination (HR) repair pathway (TbMRE11, γH2A, TbRAD51) cooperate to resolve the benznidazole-induced damage, indicating that the prodrug-induced lesions are most likely double stand DNA breaks, while the sequence/recruitment kinetics of these factors parallels that in other eukaryotes HR systems. When extended to other NTR1-activated 2-nitroimidazoles, some were shown to promote DNA damage. Intriguingly, the lesions induced by these required TbMRE11 and TbCSB activities to fix leading us to postulate that TbCSB may operate in systems other than the transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair pathway. Understanding how existing trypanosomal drugs work will aid future drug design and help unlock novel reactions/pathways that could be exploited as targets for therapeutic intervention. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(2-Nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)acetic acid (cas: 22813-32-7Application In Synthesis of 2-(2-Nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)acetic acid).

2-(2-Nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)acetic acid (cas: 22813-32-7) belongs to imidazole derivatives. Among the different heterocyclic compounds, imidazole is better known due to its broad range of chemical and biological properties. Imidazole has become an important synthon in the development of new drugs. Imidazole derivatives have antibacterial, antifungal and anticancer functionality. It interacts with DNA and also binds to protein and stops cell division.Application In Synthesis of 2-(2-Nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)acetic acid

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Synthesis and pharmacological activity of aroylmethyl derivatives of tricyclic benzimidazole systems containing hydroxy groups in aroyl radicals was written by Anisimova, V. A.;Tolpygin, I. E.;Spasov, A. A.;Kosolapov, V. A.;Stepanov, A. V.;Orlova, A. A.;Naumenko, L. V.. And the article was included in Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal in 2007.Application of 24134-26-7 This article mentions the following:

The synthesis and pharmacol. properties of a series of hydroxybenzoylmethylimidazo- and pyrimidobenzimidazoles are described. Most of the products exhibit a high antioxidant activity, possess pronounced hemorheol. properties, and influence the blood glucose level. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,3-Dihydro-1H-benzo[d]imidazo[1,2-a]imidazole (cas: 24134-26-7Application of 24134-26-7).

2,3-Dihydro-1H-benzo[d]imidazo[1,2-a]imidazole (cas: 24134-26-7) belongs to imidazole derivatives. Imidazole is a heterocyclic compound with a five-membered planar ring. It is amphoteric and highly polar. Imidazole based anticancer drug find applications in cancer chemotherapy. It is used as buffer component for purification of the histidine tagged recombinant proteins in immobilized metal-affinity chromatography (IMAC).Application of 24134-26-7

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Toughening Poly(lactic acid) with Imidazolium-based Elastomeric Ionomers was written by Chen, Lu;Hu, Kuan;Sun, Si-Ting;Jiang, Hai;Huang, Dong;Zhang, Kun-Yu;Pan, Li;Li, Yue-Sheng. And the article was included in Chinese Journal of Polymer Science in 2018.Related Products of 21252-69-7 This article mentions the following:

Imidazolium-based elastomeric ionomers (i-BIIR) were facilely synthesized by ionically modified brominated poly(isobutylene-co-isoprene) (BIIR) with different alkyl chain imidazole and thoroughly explored as novel toughening agents for poly(lactic acid) (PLA). The miscibility, thermal behavior, phase morphol. and mech. property of ionomers and blends were investigated through dynamic mech. analyses (DMA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), SEM, tensile and impact testing. DMA and SEM results showed that better compatibility between the PLA and i-BIIR was achieved compared to the PLA/unmodified BIIR elastomer. A remarkable improvement in ductility with an optimum elongation at break up to 235% was achieved for the PLA/i-BIIR blends with 1-dodecylimidazole alkyl chain (i-BIIR-12), more than 10 times higher than that of pure PLA. The impact strengths of PLA were enhanced from 1.9 kJ/m² to 4.1 kJ/m² for the PLA/10 wt% i-BIIR-12 blend. Toughening mechanism had been established by systematical anal. of the compatibility, intermol. interaction and phase structures of the blends. Interfacial cavitations initiated massive shear yielding of the PLA matrix owing to a suitable interfacial adhesion which played a key role in the enormous toughening effect in these blends. We believed that introducing imidazolium group into the BIIR elastomer was vital for the formation of a suitable interfacial adhesion. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Octyl-1H-imidazole (cas: 21252-69-7Related Products of 21252-69-7).

1-Octyl-1H-imidazole (cas: 21252-69-7) belongs to imidazole derivatives. Imidazole is the basic core of some natural products such as histidine, purine, histamine and DNA based structures, etc. Among the different heterocyclic compounds, imidazole is better known due to its broad range of chemical and biological properties. Imidazole derivatives have antibacterial, antifungal and anticancer functionality. It interacts with DNA and also binds to protein and stops cell division.Related Products of 21252-69-7

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Integration of multi-scale molecular modeling approaches with experiments for the in silico guided design and discovery of novel hERG-Neutral antihypertensive oxazalone and imidazolone derivatives and analysis of their potential restrictive effects on cell proliferation was written by Durdagi, Serdar;Aksoydan, Busecan;Erol, Ismail;Kantarcioglu, Isik;Ergun, Yavuz;Bulut, Gulay;Acar, Melih;Avsar, Timucin;Liapakis, George;Karageorgos, Vlasios;Salmas, Ramin E.;Sergi, Baris;Alkhatib, Sara;Turan, Gizem;Yigit, Berfu Nur;Cantasir, Kutay;Kurt, Bahar;Kilic, Turker. And the article was included in European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2018.Name: 1-(((Cyclohexyloxy)carbonyl)oxy)ethyl 1-((2′-(2H-tetrazol-5-yl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)methyl)-2-ethoxy-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-7-carboxylate This article mentions the following:

AT1 antagonists is the most recent drug class of mols. against hypertension and they mediate their actions through blocking detrimental effects of angiotensin II (A-II) when acts on type I (AT1) A-II receptor. The effects of AT1 antagonists are not limited to cardiovascular diseases. AT1 receptor blockers may be used as potential anti-cancer agents – due to the inhibition of cell proliferation stimulated by A-II. Therefore, AT1 receptors and the A-II biosynthesis mechanisms are targets for the development of new synthetic drugs and therapeutic treatment of various cardiovascular and other diseases. Multi-scale mol. modeling approaches were performed and it is found that oxazolone and imidazolone derivatives reveal similar/better interaction energy profiles compared to the FDA approved sartan mols. at the binding site of the AT1 receptor. In silico-guided designed hit mols. were then synthesized and tested for their binding affinities to human AT1 receptor in radioligand binding studies, using [¹²⁵I-Sar¹-Ile⁸] AngII. Among the compounds tested, 19d (4′-((4-(4-bromobenzylidene)-2-butyl-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)methyl)[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-carbonitrile) and 9j (4-(2-bromobenzylidene)-2-butyl-1-((2′-(2-trityl-2H-tetrazol-5-yl)[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)methyl)-1H-imidazol-5(4H)-one) mols. bound to receptor in a dose response manner and with relatively high affinities. Next, cytotoxicity and wound healing assays were performed for these hit mols. Since hit mol. 19d led to deceleration of cell motility in all three cell lines (NIH3T3, A549, and H358) tested in this study, this mol. is investigated in further tests. In two cell lines (HUVEC and MCF-7) tested, 19d induced G2/M cell cycle arrest in a concentration dependent manner. Adherent cells detached from the plates and underwent cell death possibly due to apoptosis at 19d concentrations that induced cell cycle arrest. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(((Cyclohexyloxy)carbonyl)oxy)ethyl 1-((2′-(2H-tetrazol-5-yl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)methyl)-2-ethoxy-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-7-carboxylate (cas: 145040-37-5Name: 1-(((Cyclohexyloxy)carbonyl)oxy)ethyl 1-((2′-(2H-tetrazol-5-yl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)methyl)-2-ethoxy-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-7-carboxylate).

1-(((Cyclohexyloxy)carbonyl)oxy)ethyl 1-((2′-(2H-tetrazol-5-yl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)methyl)-2-ethoxy-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-7-carboxylate (cas: 145040-37-5) belongs to imidazole derivatives. Many natural products, especially alkaloids, contain the imidazole ring. These imidazoles share the 1,3-C3N2 ring but feature varied substituents. Imidazole derivatives have antibacterial, antifungal and anticancer functionality. It interacts with DNA and also binds to protein and stops cell division.Name: 1-(((Cyclohexyloxy)carbonyl)oxy)ethyl 1-((2′-(2H-tetrazol-5-yl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)methyl)-2-ethoxy-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-7-carboxylate

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Imidazole derivatives as inhibitors of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases was written by Buchman, Russell;Heinstein, Peter F.;Wells, Jack N.. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 1974.Recommanded Product: 1H-Imidazole-4-carboxamide This article mentions the following:

Opening the pyrimidine ring of methylxanthines markedly decreased their inhibitory activity toward phosphodiesterases. Four series of imidazole analogs of theophylline were prepared consisting of 1-substituted imidazole-4- and -5-carboxamides, 1,4-disubstituted imidazole-5-carboxamides, and 1-substituted-4-aminoimidazoles. The most potent inhibitors in these series were 4-benzylamino- [53525-67-0]and 4-benzylideneamino-5-(N-methylcarbamoyl)imidazole (I) [53525-53-4]. Substitution of a benzyl group in position 7 of theophylline confirmed some specificity for inhibition of hydrolysis of cyclic GMP. Most of the compounds were prepared by standard methods. 4-Amino-5-(N-methylcarbamoyl)imidazole [53525-66-9] was prepared by reduction of Et α-cyano-α-oximinoacetate [3849-21-6] with Al amalgam, reaction with MeNH2 to form α-amino-α-cyano-N-methylacetamide [50531-01-6], and cyclization with formamidine acetate [3473-63-0]. 4-(N-methylacetamido)-5-(N-methylcarbamoyl)imidazole [53525-54-5] was prepared by ring opening of 7-benzyltheophylline [1807-85-8] with KOH, followed by debenzylation with H2-Pd/C and acetylation. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1H-Imidazole-4-carboxamide (cas: 26832-08-6Recommanded Product: 1H-Imidazole-4-carboxamide).

1H-Imidazole-4-carboxamide (cas: 26832-08-6) belongs to imidazole derivatives. The solubility of imidazoles in ethers is lower than that in alcohols and decreases with increasing chain length of the ethers . In contrast, the solubility of benzimidazoles in alcohols (C3–C6) is higher than in water and generally decreases with a Imidazole is incorporated into many important biological compounds. The most pervasive is the amino acid histidine, which has an imidazole side-chain. Histidine is present in many proteins and enzymes, e.g. by binding metal cofactors, as seen in hemoglobin.Recommanded Product: 1H-Imidazole-4-carboxamide

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Carbon Chain Rupture: Base-Induced Radical C-C Bond Cleavage of Alkylbenzimidazoles was written by Fu, Xuegang;Guo, Dongyang;Yan, Yuting;Marselo, Timotius;Zhang, Mingyu;Zhang, Zhenghan;Li, Siying;Huang, Jianhui. And the article was included in Synthesis in 2022.Recommanded Product: 1632-83-3 This article mentions the following:

A base-mediated aerobic oxidation of alkylbenzimidazoles for the preparation of carboxylic acids was described. A number of aliphatic carboxylic acids are prepared in good to excellent yields via a C-C bond rupture process. Preliminary mechanistic studies suggested the reaction undergoes a radical pathway initiated by strong bases such as potassium amide. This type of transformation provided an alternative strategy for the access of important carboxylic acid moieties. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Methylbenzimidazole (cas: 1632-83-3Recommanded Product: 1632-83-3).

1-Methylbenzimidazole (cas: 1632-83-3) belongs to imidazole derivatives. Many natural products, especially alkaloids, contain the imidazole ring. These imidazoles share the 1,3-C3N2 ring but feature varied substituents. The pharmacophore of imidazole exists in bioactive compounds including amino acids, plant growth regulators and therapeutic agents.n increase of the alkyl chain length of the alcohols. Recommanded Product: 1632-83-3

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Formulation and In Vitro, In Vivo Correlation Between Two Candesartan Cilexetil Tablets was written by Zaid, Abdel Naser;Radwan, Asma;Jaradat, Nidal;Mousa, Ayman;Ghazal, Nadia;Bustami, Rana. And the article was included in Clinical Pharmacology in Drug Development in 2018.HPLC of Formula: 145040-37-5 This article mentions the following:

In this study, the in vitro and in vivo interchangeability between generic candesartan 16 mg and the branded formulation was assessed. The in vitro release of these products was conducted in 3 pH media (1.2, 5.0, and 6.8), and similarity factors (f2) were calculated This bioequivalence study was a randomized, 2-period crossover study that included 42 healthy adult male subjects under fasting conditions with a 9-day washout. The pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters AUC_0-last, AUC_0-∞, and C_max, t_max, and the elimination half-life time were assessed based on the plasma concentrations of candesartan, using a newly developed and validated liquid chromatog.-tandem mass spectrometry bioanal. method with acceptable degrees of linearity, sensitivity, precision, and accuracy. The geometric mean (ng.h/mL) of the AUC0-∞ for the test and brand was 1595.49 and 1620.54, resp., and the C_max (ng/mL) was 160.91 and 160.88, resp. The 90%CIs of geometric mean ratios (test-to-reference ratios) were 98.26%, 98.45%, and 99.86% for AUC_0-last, AUC_0-∞, and Cmax resp. These PK parameters lie within the US Food and Drug Administration- and European Medicines Agency-specified bioequivalence limit (80%-125%). Both products were well tolerated by all the subjects. The tested drug product was bioequivalent to the reference drug and had the same safety profile. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(((Cyclohexyloxy)carbonyl)oxy)ethyl 1-((2′-(2H-tetrazol-5-yl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)methyl)-2-ethoxy-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-7-carboxylate (cas: 145040-37-5HPLC of Formula: 145040-37-5).

1-(((Cyclohexyloxy)carbonyl)oxy)ethyl 1-((2′-(2H-tetrazol-5-yl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)methyl)-2-ethoxy-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-7-carboxylate (cas: 145040-37-5) belongs to imidazole derivatives. Imidazole derivatives generally have good solubility in protic solvents. Simple imidazole derivatives, such as 1H-imidazole, 2-methyl-1H-imidazole, and 1,2-dimethylimidazole, have very high solubility in water. Many drugs contain an imidazole ring, such as certain antifungal drugs, the nitroimidazole series of antibiotics, and the sedative midazolam.HPLC of Formula: 145040-37-5

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Experimental study on the pyrolysis of sewage sludge was written by Shen, Boxiong;Zhang, Zenghui;Chen, Jianhong;Hao, Xiaocui;Wen, Jie. And the article was included in Anquan Yu Huanjing Xuebao in 2011.Recommanded Product: 3034-41-1 This article mentions the following:

In this paper, the effect of final pyrolysis temperature on the yield of products from the pyrolysis of sewage sludge was studied. The light fraction from sludge pyrolysis oil was analyzed. The fundamental properties of the pyrolysis residues were also investigated briefly. The results showed that when the final pyrolysis temperature was between 450 °C to 500°C, the yield of liquid product was favorable. With the increase of final pyrolysis temperature, the decreasing trend of pyrolysis residue was similar to the increasing trend of liquid product. Both of them were steep when the temperature was under 450°C and mild when the temperature was higher than 450°C. Meanwhile the uncondensed gas increased smoothly with the increase of final pyrolysis temperature The light fractions of pyrolysis oil obtained at 450°C was mainly consisted of alkanes, alkenes, nitriles and nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds as well as MAHs etc. Among them, the concentration of toluene, 4-methyl-phenol, 1-methyl-2, 5-pyrrolidinedione, pyridine, 1-dodecene and pentadecane etc. were significant. The pyrolysis residues of sewage sludge contained low carbon and high ash. However, they still possessed some volatile content. With the increase of final pyrolysis temperature, the surface of pyrolysis residue became more and more looser and rougher. The residue obtained at 450°C exhibited highest pore volume Nevertheless, the residue obtained at 500°C owned maximum sp. surface area in respect that it possessed highest number of micropores. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Methyl-4-nitroimidazole (cas: 3034-41-1Recommanded Product: 3034-41-1).

1-Methyl-4-nitroimidazole (cas: 3034-41-1) belongs to imidazole derivatives. Imidazole is a heterocyclic compound with a five-membered planar ring. It is amphoteric and highly polar. Imidazole derivatives have antibacterial, antifungal and anticancer functionality. It interacts with DNA and also binds to protein and stops cell division.Recommanded Product: 3034-41-1

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem