Author: Jessica.F

Patutina, Olga; Chiglintseva, Daria; Bichenkova, Elena; Gaponova, Svetlana; Mironova, Nadezhda; Vlassov, Valentin; Zenkova, Marina published the artcile< Dual miRNases for triple incision of miRNA target: design concept and catalytic performance>, Safety of 7H-Purin-2-amine, the main research area is microRNA21 microRNAR155 microRNA17a oligonucleotide peptide catalysis; RNA cleavage; RNase H; anti-miRNA therapy; artificial ribonuclease; miRNase; oligonucleotide-peptide conjugate; oncogenic miRNA.

Irreversible destruction of disease-associated regulatory RNA sequences offers exciting opportunities for safe and powerful therapeutic interventions against human pathophysiol. In 2017, for the first time we introduced miRNAses-miRNA-targeted conjugates of a catalytic peptide and oligonucleotide capable of cleaving an miRNA target. Herein, we report the development of Dual miRNases against oncogenic miR-21, miR-155, miR-17 and miR-18a, each containing the catalytic peptide placed in-between two short miRNA-targeted oligodeoxyribonucleotide recognition motifs. Substitution of adenines with 2-aminoadenines in the sequence of oligonucleotide “”shoulders”” of the Dual miRNase significantly enhanced the efficiency of hybridization with the miRNA target. It was shown that sequence-specific cleavage of the target by miRNase proceeded metal-independently at pH optimum 5.5-7.5 with an efficiency varying from 15% to 85%, depending on the miRNA sequence. A distinct advantage of the engineered nucleases is their ability to addnl. recruit RNase H and cut miRNA at three different locations. Such cleavage proceeds at the central part by Dual miRNase, and at the 5′- and 3′-regions by RNase H, which significantly increases the efficiency of miRNA degradation Due to increased activity at lowered pH Dual miRNases could provide an addnl. advantage in acidic tumor conditions and may be considered as efficient tumor-selective RNA-targeted therapeutic.

Molecules published new progress about MicroRNA-155 Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 452-06-2 belongs to class imidazoles-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C5H5N5, Safety of 7H-Purin-2-amine.

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Begtrup, Mikael; Larsen, Peter published the artcile< Alkylation, acylation, and silyation of azoles>, Formula: C4H5BrN2, the main research area is azole alkylation solvent effect; acylation azole anion; silylation azole anion; methylation benzylation azole anion.

Performing alkylation, acylation, and silylation reactions in sep. deprotonation and nucleophilic displacement steps allows for better control of reaction conditions and facilitates problem handling in these processes. In the alkylation of azoles, the alkylating agents and solvents possess individual reaction capabilities which seem to be approx. additive. Monoalkylation occurs if the sum of the normalized reaction potentials is equal or larger than the pKa value of the azole. Dialkylation is avoided by keeping the sum of the normalized reaction potentials below the pKa value of the alkylazole. The applicability of these principles is demonstrated by the development of effective procedures for the methylation, benzylation, acetylation, methoxycarbonylation, and trimethylsilylation of azoles.

Acta Chemica Scandinavica published new progress about Acylation. 1003-21-0 belongs to class imidazoles-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C4H5BrN2, Formula: C4H5BrN2.

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Seelam, Preethi P.; Mitra, Abhijit; Sharma, Purshotam published the artcile< Pairing interactions between nucleobases and ligands in aptamer:ligand complexes of riboswitches: crystal structure analysis, classification, optimal structures, and accurate interaction energies>, Formula: C5H5N5, the main research area is nucleobases ligands riboswitches crystal structure.

In the present work, 67 crystal structures of the aptamer domains of RNA riboswitches are chosen for anal. of the structure and strength of hydrogen bonding (pairing) interactions between nucleobases constituting the aptamer binding pockets and the bound ligands. A total of 80 unique base:ligand hydrogen-bonded pairs containing at least two hydrogen bonds were identified through visual inspection. Classification of these contacts in terms of the interacting edge of the aptamer nucleobase revealed that interactions involving the Watson-Crick edge are the most common, followed by the sugar edge of purines and the Hoogsteen edge of uracil. Alternatively, classification in terms of the chem. constitution of the ligand yields five unique classes of base:ligand pairs: base:base, base:amino acid, base:sugar, base:phosphate, and base:other. This indicates that these contacts are well-defined RNA aptamer:ligand interaction motifs. The anal. was further extended to study the biol. importance of base:ligand interactions in the binding pocket of the tetrahydrofolate riboswitch and thiamine pyrophosphate riboswitch. Overall, our study helps in understanding the structural and energetic features of base:ligand pairs in riboswitches, which could aid in developing meaningful hypotheses in the context of RNA:ligand recognition. This can, in turn, contribute toward current efforts to develop antimicrobials that target RNAs.

RNA published new progress about Amino acids Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 452-06-2 belongs to class imidazoles-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C5H5N5, Formula: C5H5N5.

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Vechetti, Ivan J. Jr; Peck, Bailey D.; Wen, Yuan; Walton, R. Grace; Valentino, Taylor R.; Alimov, Alexander P.; Dungan, Cory M.; Van Pelt, Douglas W.; von Walden, Ferdinand; Alkner, Bjorn; Peterson, Charlotte A.; McCarthy, John J. published the artcile< Mechanical overload-induced muscle-derived extracellular vesicles promote adipose tissue lipolysis>, Safety of p-Benzenediacrylanilide, 4′,4′′-di-2-imidazolin-2-yl-, dihydrochloride, the main research area is skeletal muscle extracellular vesicle adipose tissue lipolysis; adipose tissue; extracellular vesicles; lipolysis; microRNAs; skeletal muscle.

How regular phys. activity is able to improve health remains poorly understood. The release of factors from skeletal muscle following exercise has been proposed as a possible mechanism mediating such systemic benefits. We describe a mechanism wherein skeletal muscle, in response to a hypertrophic stimulus induced by mech. overload (MOV), released extracellular vesicles (EVs) containing muscle-specific miR-1 that were preferentially taken up by epidydimal white adipose tissue (eWAT). In eWAT, miR-1 promoted adrenergic signaling and lipolysis by targeting Tfap2α, a known repressor of Adrβ3 expression. Inhibiting EV release prevented the MOV-induced increase in eWAT miR-1 abundance and expression of lipolytic genes. Resistance exercise decreased skeletal muscle miR-1 expression with a concomitant increase in plasma EV miR-1 abundance, suggesting a similar mechanism may be operative in humans. Altogether, these findings demonstrate that skeletal muscle promotes metabolic adaptations in adipose tissue in response to MOV via EV-mediated delivery of miR-1.

FASEB Journal published new progress about 3′-Untranslated region Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 6823-69-4 belongs to class imidazoles-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C30H30Cl2N6O2, Safety of p-Benzenediacrylanilide, 4′,4′′-di-2-imidazolin-2-yl-, dihydrochloride.

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Caldero-Rodriguez, Naishka E.; Ortiz-Rodriguez, Luis A.; Gonzalez, Andres A.; Crespo-Hernandez, Carlos E. published the artcile< Photostability of 2,6-diaminopurine and its 2'-deoxyriboside investigated by femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy>, Application In Synthesis of 452-06-2, the main research area is photostability 26DAP 26DAPd femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy.

UV radiation (UVR) from the sun is essential for the prebiotic syntheses of nucleotides, but it can also induce photolesions such as the cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) to RNA or DNA oligonucleotide in prebiotic Earth. 2,6-Diaminopurine (26DAP) has been proposed to repair CPDs in high yield under prebiotic conditions and be a key component in enhancing the photostability of higher-order prebiotic DNA structures. However, its electronic relaxation pathways have not been studied, which is necessary to know whether 26DAP could have survived the intense UV fluxes of the prebiotic Earth. We investigate the electronic relaxation mechanism of both 26DAP and its 2′-deoxyribonucleoside (26DAP-d) in aqueous solution using steady-state and femtosecond transient absorption measurements that are complemented with electronic-structure calculations The results demonstrate that both purine derivatives are significantly photostable to UVR. It is shown that upon excitation at 287 nm, the lowest energy 1ππ* state is initially populated. The population then branches following two relaxation coordinates in the 1ππ* potential energy surface, which are identified as the C2- and C6-relaxation coordinates. The population following the C6-coordinate internally converts to the ground state nonradiatively through a nearly barrierless conical intersection within 0.7 ps in 26DAP or within 1.1 ps in 26DAP-d. The population that follows the C2-relaxation coordinate decays back to the ground state by a combination of nonradiative internal conversion via a conical intersection and fluorescence emission from the 1ππ* min. in 43 ps and 1.8 ns for the N9 and N7 tautomers of 26DAP, resp., or in 70 ps for 26DAP-d. Fluorescence quantum yields of 0.037 and 0.008 are determined for 26DAP and 26DAP-d, resp. Collectively, it is demonstrated that most of the excited state population in 26DAP and 26DAP-d decays back to the ground state via both nonradiative and radiative relaxation pathways. This result lends support to the idea that 26DAP could have accumulated in large enough quantities during the prebiotic era to participate in the formation of prebiotic RNA or DNA oligomers and act as a key component in the protection of the prebiotic genetic alphabet.

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics published new progress about Absorption spectroscopy (Femtosecond Transient). 452-06-2 belongs to class imidazoles-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C5H5N5, Application In Synthesis of 452-06-2.

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Rheault, Tara R.; Donaldson, Kelly H.; Cheung, Mui published the artcile< Convenient synthesis of heteroaryl-linked benzimidazoles via microwave-assisted boronate ester formation>, Quality Control of 1003-21-0, the main research area is halobenzimidazole pinacolatoboron boration microwave; benzimidazolylboronate preparation Suzuki Miyaura cross coupling; benzimidazole heteroaryl preparation.

N-Substituted 5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazoles were conveniently accessed via microwave-assisted synthesis. Subsequent Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling with heteroaryl halides proceeded to give a wide variety of heteroarylbenzimidazoles.

Tetrahedron Letters published new progress about Aryl halides Role: RCT (Reactant), RACT (Reactant or Reagent). 1003-21-0 belongs to class imidazoles-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C4H5BrN2, Quality Control of 1003-21-0.

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Paterson, Kyle A.; Arlt, Jochen; Jones, Anita C. published the artcile< Dynamic and static quenching of 2-aminopurine fluorescence by the natural DNA nucleotides in solution>, Related Products of 452-06-2, the main research area is nucleoside monophosphate base stacking fluorescence quenching charge transfer.

2-Aminopurine (2AP)is a responsive fluorescent base analog that is used widely as a probe of the local mol. environment in DNA. The ability of 2AP to report changes in local conformation and base-stacking interactions arises from the efficient quenching of its fluorescence by the natural DNA bases. However, the mechanism of this inter-base quenching remains imperfectly understood. Two previous studies of the collisional quenching of 2AP by the natural bases, in different buffer solutions, showed that dynamic quenching efficiency depends on the identity of the natural base, but disagreed on the relative quenching efficiencies of the bases. We report a comprehensive investigation of interbase quenching of 2AP by the natural nucleoside monophosphates(NMPs), replicating the buffer conditions used in the previous studies. Using time-resolved fluorescence measurements to distinguish between dynamic and static quenching, we find that the dynamic quenching rate constants of the different bases show a consistent trend across both buffers, and this is in line with a charge-transfer mechanism. Time-resolved measurements also provide insight into static quenching, revealing formation of 2AP-NMP ground-state complexes in which 2AP displays a very short fluorescence lifetime, comparable to that seen in oligonucleotides. In these complexes, the dependence of the rate of quenching on the partner base also supports a charge-transfer mechanism.

Methods and Applications in Fluorescence published new progress about Buffers. 452-06-2 belongs to class imidazoles-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C5H5N5, Related Products of 452-06-2.

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Bocian, Wojciech; Jazwinski, Jaroslaw; Sadlej, Agnieszka published the artcile< 1H, 13C and 15N NMR studies on adducts formation of rhodium(II) tetraacylates with some azoles in CDCl3 solution>, Recommanded Product: 2-(tert-Butyl)-1H-imidazole, the main research area is rhodium acetate imidazole oxazole pyrazole thiazole complex preparation NMR; chem shift rhodium acetate azole dinuclear complex.

Adduct formations of Rh(II) tetraacetate and tetratrifluoroacetate with some 1H-imidazoles, oxazoles, thiazoles, 1H-pyrazoles and isoxazole were studied using 1H, 13C, 15N NMR and electronic absorption spectroscopy (visible) in the visible range. Azoles tend to form axial adducts containing Rh(II) tetraacylates bonded via N atom. Bulky substituents close to the N atom prevent the Rh-N bond formation, and in several cases switch over the binding site to the O or S atoms. The 15N adduct formation shift Δδ(15N) (Δδ = δadduct – δligand) varied from ∼-40 to -70 ppm for the N atom involved in complexation, and of a few ppm only, from ∼-6 to 3 ppm, for the nonbonded N atom within the same mol. The Δδ(1H) values do not exceed one ppm; Δδ(13C) ranges from -1 to 6 ppm. Various complexation modes were proved by electronic absorption spectroscopy in the visible region (visible). For comparison purposes, some adducts of pyridine, thiophene and furan derivatives were measured as well. The exptl. findings were compared with calculated chem. shifts, obtained by DFT B3LYP method, using 6-311 + G(2d,p), 6-31(d)/LanL2DZ and 6-311G(d,p) basis set.

Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry published new progress about Coordination sphere. 36947-69-0 belongs to class imidazoles-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C7H12N2, Recommanded Product: 2-(tert-Butyl)-1H-imidazole.

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Danovich, D. K.; Turchaninov, V. K. published the artcile< Basicity of azoles. 2. Relationship with the energy of nonbonding electrons and reorganization energy of the π- and σ-electronic systems of the base upon ionization and protonation>, COA of Formula: C4H5BrN2, the main research area is azole ionization potential proton affinity; electron reorganization azole basicity.

Linear relationships between proton affinity (AM1) and ionization potential (Green’s function AM1 quantum-chem. method) were observed for series of imidazoles and pyrazoles and explained with a thermodn. cycle which took explicit account of the differences in electronic reorganization (relaxation) energy of the π- and σ-electronic systems of the azole cation and cation radical relative to the neutral mol.

Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya published new progress about Azoles Role: PRP (Properties). 1003-21-0 belongs to class imidazoles-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C4H5BrN2, COA of Formula: C4H5BrN2.

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem