Category: imidazoles-derivatives

Shankar, G.; Borkar, Roshan M.; Udutha, Suresh; Kanakaraju, M.; Charan, G. Sai; Misra, S.; Srinivas, R. published an article in 2019, the title of the article was Identification and structural characterization of the stress degradation products of omeprazole using Q-TOF-LC-ESI-MS/MS and NMR experiments: evaluation of the toxicity of the degradation products.Quality Control of 5-Methoxy-2-[[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-2-pyridyl)methyl]thio]benzimidazole And the article contains the following content:

Omeprazole (OMP), a prototype proton pump inhibitor used for the treatment of peptic ulcers and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), was subjected to forced degradation studies as per ICH guidelines Q1A (R2). The drug undergoes degradation under acid, base, neutral hydrolysis and oxidative degradation conditions and forms a total of sixteen degradation products, which were characterized by LC-MS/MS experiments and accurate mass measurements. Oxidative degradation products (OMP-15 and OMP-16) were synthesized and confirmed by various NMR experiments The cytotoxic effects of OMP-15 and OMP-16 were tested on normal human cells HEK 293 and NIH3T3 by MTT assay. Based on the cytotoxicity results, compared to the standard OMP, both OMP-15 and OMP-16 were found to have relatively weaker toxic effects towards normal cells. Further, the in silico toxicity of OMP and its degradation products (OMP-1 to OMP-16) was assessed by the ProTox-II prediction tool. OMP and OMP-8 are predicted to have carcinogenicity, OMP-7 to have hepatotoxicity and OMP-2, OMP-3, OMP-9, OMP-11, OMP-14 and OMP-16 to have immune system toxicity with a high confidence score. The drug, OMP-1, OMP-6, OMP-7, OMP-8, OMP-13 and OMP-15 are predicted to combine with the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) with a high probability score. Addnl., two different targets, amine oxidase A and prostaglandin G/H synthase 1, are predicted as toxicity targets for OMP, OMP-1, OMP-6, OMP-8, OMP-13, OMP-15 and OMP-16 with probable binding. The experimental process involved the reaction of 5-Methoxy-2-[[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-2-pyridyl)methyl]thio]benzimidazole(cas: 73590-85-9).Quality Control of 5-Methoxy-2-[[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-2-pyridyl)methyl]thio]benzimidazole

The Article related to omeprazole stress degradation product nmr lc ms, Pharmaceuticals: General and other aspects.Quality Control of 5-Methoxy-2-[[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-2-pyridyl)methyl]thio]benzimidazole

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

On January 24, 1981, Barbin, Alain; Bartsch, Helmut; Leconte, Philippe; Radman, Miroslav published an article.Application of 55662-66-3 The title of the article was Studies on the miscoding properties of 1,N6-ethenoadenine and 3,N4-ethenocytosine, DNA reaction products of vinyl chloride metabolites, during in vitro DNA synthesis. And the article contained the following:

1-N6-Ethenoadenine (EA)(I) [13875-63-3] and 3,N4-ethenocytosine (EC) [55662-66-3] are formed when electrophilic vinyl chloride (VC) metabolites, chloroethylene oxide (CEO) [7763-77-1] or chloroacetaldehyde (CAA) [107-20-0] react with adenine [73-24-5] and cytosine [71-30-7] residues in DNA. They were assayed for their miscoding properties in an in vitro system using Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I and synthetic templates prepared by reaction of poly(dA) and poly(dC) with increasing concentrations of CEO or CAA. Following the introduction of etheno groups, an increasing inhibition of DNA synthesis was observed DGMP was misincorporated on CAA- or CEO-teated poly(dA) templates and dTMP was misincorporated on CAA- or CEO-treated poly(dC) templates, suggesting that EA and EC may miscode. The error rates augmented with the extent of reaction of CEO or CAA with the templates. The potentially miscoding properties of EA and EC may explain why metabolically-activated VC and its reactive metabolites specifically induce base-pair substitution mutations in Salmonella typhimurium. Promutagenic lesions may represent one of the initial steps in VC- or CEO-induced carcinogenesis. The experimental process involved the reaction of Imidazo[1,2-c]pyrimidin-5(6H)-one(cas: 55662-66-3).Application of 55662-66-3

The Article related to vinyl chloride dna reaction product, ethenoadenine vinyl chloride dna, ethenocytosine vinyl chloride dna, carcinogen vinyl chloride dna, Toxicology: Carcinogens and other aspects.Application of 55662-66-3

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

On June 15, 2020, Gu, Jing; Xu, Jun; You, Qidong; Guo, Xiaoke published an article.Product Details of 443-72-1 The title of the article was Recent developments of small molecules targeting RNA m6A modulators. And the article contained the following:

A review. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most abundant internal post-transcriptional modification in eukaryotic mRNA. The development of emerging technologies such as m6A-seq, has helped reveal the fundamental role of m6A-RNA in regulation of the mammalian transcriptome. With the identification and advances in the understanding of m6A modulators, the relationship between m6A and human diseases is gradually being revealed. This review summarizes recent progress in the understanding of the role of m6A modulators in human disease and their structural characteristics. We highlight the potential of small-mol. regulators targeting m6A associated proteins as tool mols. and disease treatment options from the medicinal chem. perspective. The experimental process involved the reaction of N-Methyl-7H-purin-6-amine(cas: 443-72-1).Product Details of 443-72-1

The Article related to review n6 methyladenosine small mol regulators epigenetics, epigenetics, n(6)-methyladenosine, small-molecule regulators, Pharmacology: Reviews and other aspects.Product Details of 443-72-1

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

On July 1, 2006, Kurosu, Michio; Mowers, Williams A. published an article.Recommanded Product: 901770-40-9 The title of the article was Small-molecule microarrays: Development of novel linkers and an efficient detection method for bound proteins. And the article contained the following:

Novel isocyanate and diazoketone linkers possessing polyoxypropylenediamine as a spacer for small-mol. microarray are developed. White light interferometry is introduced to detect bound proteins on the glass slides without using chem. modified proteins. The experimental process involved the reaction of N-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-5-((3aS,4S,6aR)-2-oxohexahydro-1H-thieno[3,4-d]imidazol-4-yl)pentanamide(cas: 901770-40-9).Recommanded Product: 901770-40-9

The Article related to microarray isocyanate diazoketone linker bound protein, Pharmacology: Methods and other aspects.Recommanded Product: 901770-40-9

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

On December 31, 2003, Chen, Hauh-Jyun Candy; Hong, Chia-Liang; Wu, Chan-Fu; Chiu, Wei-Loong published an article.Reference of Imidazo[1,2-c]pyrimidin-5(6H)-one The title of the article was Effect of cigarette smoking on urinary 3,N4-ethenocytosine levels measured by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. And the article contained the following:

Etheno DNA adducts are DNA damages derived from exogenous carcinogens as well as endogenous lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress. Elevated levels of etheno DNA adducts were found in cancer-prone tissues and blood samples, suggesting that these promutagenic lesions correlate with risk of cancers. The authors previously reported the detection of 3,N4-ethenocytosine (εCyt) in the urine samples of 2 smokers using the isotope dilution gas chromatog./neg. ion chem. ionization/mass spectrometry (GC/NICI/MS) assay (Chen et al., 2001, Chem. Res. Toxicol. 14, 1612-1619). Since smokers are found to have elevated levels of lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress, the authors examined the association between urinary εCyt levels with cigarette smoking. Among the 23 samples analyzed, the average concentration of urinary εCyt in smokers was significantly higher than that of nonsmokers, 2.65 ± 4.0 vs. 0.61 ± 0.90 ng/kg/g creatinine (p = 0.03). Albeit the number of subjects is limited, the results indicate that the measurement of εCyt in human urine may provide a useful noninvasive biomarker for oxidative DNA damage and cancer chemoprevention studies. The experimental process involved the reaction of Imidazo[1,2-c]pyrimidin-5(6H)-one(cas: 55662-66-3).Reference of Imidazo[1,2-c]pyrimidin-5(6H)-one

The Article related to ethenocytosine urine cigarette smoking biomarker oxidative stress, Toxicology: Tobacco and other aspects.Reference of Imidazo[1,2-c]pyrimidin-5(6H)-one

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

On October 15, 2008, Carlton, David L.; Collin-Smith, Lissa J.; Daniels, Alejandro J.; Deaton, David N.; Goetz, Aaron S.; Laudeman, Christopher P.; Littleton, Thomas R.; Musso, David L.; Morgan, Ronda J. Ott; Szewczyk, Jerzy R.; Zhang, Cunyu published an article.Electric Literature of 73590-85-9 The title of the article was Discovery of small molecule agonists for the bombesin receptor subtype 3 (BRS-3) based on an omeprazole lead. And the article contained the following:

Starting from a weak omeprazole screening hit, replacement of the pyridine with a 1,3-benzodioxole moiety, modification of the thioether linkage, and substitution of the benzimidazole pharmacophore led to the discovery of nanomolar BRS-3 agonists. The experimental process involved the reaction of 5-Methoxy-2-[[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-2-pyridyl)methyl]thio]benzimidazole(cas: 73590-85-9).Electric Literature of 73590-85-9

The Article related to bombesin receptor brs3 agonist preparation structure activity, Pharmacology: Structure-Activity and other aspects.Electric Literature of 73590-85-9

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

On July 31, 2013, Shirasaka, Yoshiyuki; Sager, Jennifer E.; Lutz, Justin D.; Davis, Connie; Isoherranen, Nina published an article.SDS of cas: 73590-85-9 The title of the article was Inhibition of CYP2C19 and CYP3A4 by omeprazole metabolites and their contribution to drug-drug interactions. And the article contained the following:

The aim of this study was to evaluate the contribution of metabolites to drug-drug interactions (DDI) using the inhibition of CYP2C19 and CYP3A4 by omeprazole and its metabolites as a model. Of the metabolites identified in vivo, 5-hydroxyomeprazole, 5′-O-desmethylomeprazole, omeprazole sulfone, and carboxyomeprazole had a metabolite to parent area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUCm/AUCp) ratio ≥ 0.25 when either total or unbound concentrations were measured after a single 20-mg dose of omeprazole in a cocktail. All of the metabolites inhibited CYP2C19 and CYP3A4 reversibly. In addition omeprazole, omeprazole sulfone, and 5′-O-desmethylomeprazole were time dependent inhibitors (TDI) of CYP2C19, whereas omeprazole and 5′-O-desmethylomeprazole were found to be TDIs of CYP3A4. The in vitro inhibition constants and in vivo plasma concentrations were used to evaluate whether characterization of the metabolites affected DDI risk assessment. Identifying omeprazole as a TDI of both CYP2C19 and CYP3A4 was the most important factor in DDI risk assessment. Consideration of reversible inhibition by omeprazole and its metabolites would not identify DDI risk with CYP3A4, and with CYP2C19, reversible inhibition values would only identify DDI risk if the metabolites were included in the assessment. On the basis of inactivation data, CYP2C19 and CYP3A4 inhibition by omeprazole would be sufficient to identify risk, but metabolites were predicted to contribute 30-63% to the in vivo hepatic interactions. Therefore, consideration of metabolites may be important in quant. predictions of in vivo DDIs. The results of this study show that, although metabolites contribute to in vivo DDIs, their relative abundance in circulation or logP values do not predict their contribution to in vivo DDI risk. The experimental process involved the reaction of 5-Methoxy-2-[[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-2-pyridyl)methyl]thio]benzimidazole(cas: 73590-85-9).SDS of cas: 73590-85-9

The Article related to omeprazole metabolism intestine liver cyp2c19 cyp3a4 protein, Pharmacology: Structure-Activity and other aspects.SDS of cas: 73590-85-9

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Wan, Liqi; Lam, Sik Lok; Lee, Hung Kay; Guo, Pei published an article in 2021, the title of the article was Effects of adenine methylation on the structure and thermodynamic stability of a DNA minidumbbell.Recommanded Product: 443-72-1 And the article contains the following content:

DNA methylation is a prevalent regulatory modification in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. N1-methyladenine (m1A) and N6-methyladenine (m6A) have been found to be capable of altering DNA structures via disturbing Watson-Crick base pairing. However, little has been known about their influences on non-B DNA structures, which are associated with genetic instabilities. In this work, we investigated the effects of m1A and m6A on both the structure and thermodn. stability of a newly reported DNA minidumbbell formed by two TTTA tetranucleotide repeats. As revealed by the results of NMR spectroscopic studies, both m1A and m6A favored the formation of a T·m1A and T·m6A Hoogsteen base pair, resp. More intriguingly, the m1A and m6A modifications brought about stabilization and destabilization effects on the DNA minidumbbell, resp. This work provides new biophys. insights into the effects of adenine methylation on the structure and thermodn. stability of DNA. The experimental process involved the reaction of N-Methyl-7H-purin-6-amine(cas: 443-72-1).Recommanded Product: 443-72-1

The Article related to adenine methylation dna minidumbbell thermodn stability, dna methylation, dna minidumbbell, n1-methyladenine, n6-methyladenine, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, Biochemical Methods: Biological and other aspects.Recommanded Product: 443-72-1

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

On March 31, 2021, Murphy, Manoharan; Theyagarajan, K.; Thenmozhi, Kathavarayan; Senthilkumar, Sellappan published an article.Safety of N-(3-Aminopropyl)-imidazole The title of the article was Direct electrochemistry of covalently immobilized hemoglobin on a naphthylimidazolium butyric acid ionic liquid/MWCNT matrix. And the article contained the following:

Monitoring the concentration levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is significant in both clin. and industrial applications. Herein, we develop a facile biosensor for the detection of H2O2 based on direct electron transfer of Hb (Hb), which was covalently immobilized on a hydrophobic naphthylimidazolium butyric acid ionic liquid (NIBA-IL) over a multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) to obtain an Hb/NIBA-IL/MWCNT/GCE. Highly water-soluble Hb protein was firmly immobilized on NIBA-IL via stable amide bonding between the free -NH2 groups of Hb and -COOH groups of NIBA-IL via EDC/NHS coupling. Thus fabricated biosensor showed a well resolved redox peak with a cathodic peak potential (Epc) at -0.35 V and anodic peak potential (Epa) at -0.29 V with a formal potential (E°’) of -0.32 V, which corresponds to the deeply buried FeIII/FeII redox center of Hb, thereby direct electrochem. of Hb was established. Further, the modified electrode demonstrated very good electrocatalytic activity towards H2O2 reduction and showed a wide linear range of detection from 0.01 to 6.3 mM with a limit of detection and sensitivity of 3.2μM and 111μA mM-1 cm-2, resp. Moreover, the developed biosensor displayed high operational stability under dynamic conditions as well as during continuous potential cycles and showed reliable reproducibility. The superior performance of the fabricated biosensor is attributed to the effective covalent immobilization of Hb on the newly developed highly conducting and biocompatible NIBA-IL/MWCNT/GCE platform. The experimental process involved the reaction of N-(3-Aminopropyl)-imidazole(cas: 5036-48-6).Safety of N-(3-Aminopropyl)-imidazole

The Article related to hydrogen peroxide naphthylimidazolium butyric acid mwcnt hb immobilization, biosensor, direct electrochemistry, hemoglobin, hydrogen peroxide, ionic liquid, Biochemical Methods: Electrical and other aspects.Safety of N-(3-Aminopropyl)-imidazole

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Zhang, Ying; Liu, Yan; Xu, Jian; Wang, Xiaoyu; Peng, Xinxin; Song, Jiangning; Yu, Dong-Jun published an article in 2021, the title of the article was Leveraging the attention mechanism to improve the identification of DNA N6-methyladenine sites.Formula: C6H7N5 And the article contains the following content:

DNA N6-methyladenine is an important type of DNA modification that plays important roles in multiple biol. processes. Despite the recent progress in developing DNA 6mA site prediction methods, several challenges remain to be addressed. For example, although the hand-crafted features are interpretable, they contain redundant information that may bias the model training and have a neg. impact on the trained model. Furthermore, although deep learning (DL)-based models can perform feature extraction and classification automatically, they lack the interpretability of the crucial features learned by those models. As such, considerable research efforts have been focused on achieving the trade-off between the interpretability and straight forwardness of DL neural networks. In this study, we develop two new DL-based models for improving the prediction of N6-methyladenine sites, termed LA6mA and AL6mA, which use bidirectional long short-term memory to resp. capture the long-range information and self-attention mechanism to extract the key position information from DNA sequences. The performance of the two proposed methods is benchmarked and evaluated on the two model organisms Arabidopsis thaliana and Drosophila melanogaster. On the two benchmark datasets, LA6mA achieves an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) value of 0.962 and 0.966, whereas AL6mA achieves an AUROC value of 0.945 and 0.941, resp. Moreover, an in-depth anal. of the attention matrix is conducted to interpret the important information, which is hidden in the sequence and relevant for 6mA site prediction. The two novel pipelines developed for DNA 6mA site prediction in this work will facilitate a better understanding of the underlying principle of DL-based DNA methylation site prediction and its future applications. The experimental process involved the reaction of N-Methyl-7H-purin-6-amine(cas: 443-72-1).Formula: C6H7N5

The Article related to arabidopsis drosophila dna n6 methyladenine, 6ma, dna modification, lstm, attention interpretation, deep learning, self-attention mechanism, Biochemical Methods: Biological and other aspects.Formula: C6H7N5

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem