Imidazoles-derivatives

trans-(3S,4S)-Disubstituted pyrrolidines as inhibitors of the human aspartyl protease renin. Part I: Prime site exploration using an amino linker was written by Lorthiois, Edwige;Cumin, Frederic;Ehrhardt, Claus;Kosaka, Takatoshi;Sellner, Holger;Ostermann, Nils;Francotte, Eric;Wagner, Trixie;Maibaum, Jurgen. And the article was included in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters in 2015.Application In Synthesis of 1H-Benzimidazole-5-carbaldehyde This article mentions the following:

Recently, the authors reported on the discovery of (3S,4S)-disubstituted pyrrolidines as inhibitors of the human aspartyl protease renin. In the effort to further expand the scope of this novel class of direct renin inhibitors, a new sub-series was designed in which the prime site substituents are linked to the pyrrolidine core by a (3S)-amino functional group. In particular, analogs bearing the corresponding sulfonamide spacer, e.g. I, demonstrated a pronounced increase in in vitro potency compared to the lead compound In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1H-Benzimidazole-5-carbaldehyde (cas: 58442-17-4Application In Synthesis of 1H-Benzimidazole-5-carbaldehyde).

1H-Benzimidazole-5-carbaldehyde (cas: 58442-17-4) belongs to imidazole derivatives. Many natural products, especially alkaloids, contain the imidazole ring. These imidazoles share the 1,3-C3N2 ring but feature varied substituents. Imidazole is incorporated into many important biological compounds. The most pervasive is the amino acid histidine, which has an imidazole side-chain. Histidine is present in many proteins and enzymes, e.g. by binding metal cofactors, as seen in hemoglobin.Application In Synthesis of 1H-Benzimidazole-5-carbaldehyde

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Atmospheric CO₂ promoted synthesis of N-containing heterocycles over B(C₆F₅)₃ catalyst was written by Gao, Xiang;Yu, Bo;Mei, Qingqing;Yang, Zhenzhen;Zhao, Yanfei;Zhang, Hongye;Hao, Leiduan;Liu, Zhimin. And the article was included in New Journal of Chemistry in 2016.SDS of cas: 4887-83-6 This article mentions the following:

B(C₆F₅)₃ combined with atm. CO₂ was found to be highly effective for the cyclization of ortho-substituted aniline derivatives with N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), and a series of N-containing heterocycles including benzothiazoles, benzimidazoles, quinazolinone and benzoxazole were obtained in good to excellent yields. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 7-Methyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazole (cas: 4887-83-6SDS of cas: 4887-83-6).

7-Methyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazole (cas: 4887-83-6) belongs to imidazole derivatives. 1H-imidazole is an imidazole tautomer which has the migrating hydrogen at position 1. It is a conjugate base of an imidazolium cation. It is a conjugate acid of an imidazolide. It is a tautomer of a 4H-imidazole. This ring system is present in important biological building blocks, such as histidine and the related hormone histamine.SDS of cas: 4887-83-6

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Use of Ferrocene Scaffolds as Pendant Groups in Hairpin-Type Pyrrole-Imidazole Polyamide Molecules Showing Sequence-Selective Binding to DNA Duplexes was written by Seio, Kohji;Mizuta, Masahiro;Terada, Takeshi;Sekine, Mitsuo. And the article was included in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2005.Quality Control of Ethyl 1-methyl-4-nitro-1H-imidazole-2-carboxylate This article mentions the following:

The synthesis and properties of new conjugate mols., Fc-PIA, composed of ferrocene (Fc) and pyrrole-imidazole polyamides (PIA) are reported. As a PIA sequence, we chose Im-Py-Im/Py-Im-Py considering its future application to the single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) detection of genes having a GCG/CGC sequence. Two types of Fc-containing linkers, i.e., ferrocene-1,1′-dicarboxamide and ferrocenecarboxamide, were designed, and several Fc-PIPA mols. having these linkers were synthesized. Titration studies by use of CD revealed that the carboxamide-type Fc-PIA could bind to the target DNA with an association constant of 10⁷ M^-1. In contrast, ferrocene dicarboxamide-type compounds have slightly weaker affinity for the target DNA. However, the affinity could be recovered by replacing one of the pyrrole residues with β-alanine. We carried out the CV measurement and observed quasi-irreversible oxidation of the ferrocene moieties in the Fc-PIA compounds These properties of Fc-PIA indicate the potential usefulness of these mols. in electrochem. detection of genes. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 1-methyl-4-nitro-1H-imidazole-2-carboxylate (cas: 109012-23-9Quality Control of Ethyl 1-methyl-4-nitro-1H-imidazole-2-carboxylate).

Ethyl 1-methyl-4-nitro-1H-imidazole-2-carboxylate (cas: 109012-23-9) belongs to imidazole derivatives. Among the different heterocyclic compounds, imidazole is better known due to its broad range of chemical and biological properties. Imidazole has become an important synthon in the development of new drugs. Imidazole derivatives have antibacterial, antifungal and anticancer functionality. It interacts with DNA and also binds to protein and stops cell division.Quality Control of Ethyl 1-methyl-4-nitro-1H-imidazole-2-carboxylate

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Organosodium compounds of N-substituted benzimidazole was written by Tertov, B. A.;Koblik, A. V.;Avdyunina, N. I.. And the article was included in Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii in 1971.Application In Synthesis of 1-Methyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-2-carbaldehyde This article mentions the following:

Reaction of I with R1COR2 in cold toluene or benzene gave the corresponding II. II (R, R1, R2, and yield given): Me, H, Ph, 67; Me, H, p-Me2NC6H4, 58; Me, H, m-O2NC6H4, 20; Me, Me, Ph, 48; Pr, H, p-Me2NC6H4, 57; Ph, H, 3,4-(MeO)2C6H3, 72. I (R=Me) treated with ethylene oxide in toluene at -15° gave 43% 1-methyl-2-(β-hydroxyethyl)benzimidazole. Similarly prepared were ∼30 other II analogs. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Methyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-2-carbaldehyde (cas: 3012-80-4Application In Synthesis of 1-Methyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-2-carbaldehyde).

1-Methyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-2-carbaldehyde (cas: 3012-80-4) belongs to imidazole derivatives. Among the different heterocyclic compounds, imidazole is better known due to its broad range of chemical and biological properties. Imidazole has become an important synthon in the development of new drugs. Imidazole is incorporated into many important biological compounds. The most pervasive is the amino acid histidine, which has an imidazole side-chain. Histidine is present in many proteins and enzymes, e.g. by binding metal cofactors, as seen in hemoglobin.Application In Synthesis of 1-Methyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-2-carbaldehyde

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Vaporisation and thermal decomposition of dialkylimidazolium halide ion ionic liquids was written by Lovelock, Kevin R. J.;Armstrong, James P.;Licence, Peter;Jones, Robert G.. And the article was included in Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics in 2014.Quality Control of 1-Octyl-1H-imidazole This article mentions the following:

Vaporisation and liquid phase thermal decomposition, TD, of two halide ion ionic liquids, 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride, [C₈C₁Im]Cl, and 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide, [C₈C₁Im]I, are investigated using temperature programmed desorption (TPD) line of sight mass spectrometry (LOSMS) at ultra-high vacuum (UHV). The ability to use MS to distinguish between vaporization and TD allows the thermodn./kinetics of both vaporization and TD to be investigated within the same experiments Vaporisation of both halide ion ionic liquids is demonstrated. For both [C₈C₁Im]Cl and [C₈C₁Im]I the vapor is shown to be composed of neutral ion pairs (NIPs). The enthalpy of vaporization at temperature T, Δ_vapH_T, was exptl. determined as Δ_vapH₄₅₅ = 151 ± 10 kJ mol^-1 for [C₈C₁Im]Cl and Δ_vapH₄₈₀ = 149 ± 8 kJ mol^-1 for [C₈C₁Im]I. Extrapolation of Δ_vapH_T to the reference temperature, 298 K, gave Δ_vapH₂₉₈ = 166 ± 10 kJ mol^-1 for [C₈C₁Im]Cl and Δ_vapH₂₉₈ = 167 ± 8 kJ mol^-1 for [C₈C₁Im]I, higher than most Δ_vapH₂₉₈ values measured to date for other [C₈C₁Im]⁺-containing ionic liquids In addition, predictions of Δ_vapH₂₉₈ for other halide ion ionic liquids are made. Liquid phase TD is shown to proceed via nucleophilic substitution to give two sets of products: 1-octylimidazole and methylhalide, and 1-methylimidazole and 1-octyl halide. The activation energy of TD at a temperature T, E_a,TD,T, is measured for the nucleophilic substitution of [C₈C₁Im]I to give Me iodide; E_a,TD,480 = 136 ± 15 kJ mol^-1. E_a,TD,T is measured for the nucleophilic substitution of [C₈C₁Im]Cl to give methylchloride; E_a,TD,455 = 132 ± 10 kJ mol^-1. The fact that Δ_vapH_T and E_a,TD,T are the same (within error) for both ionic liquids is commented upon, and conclusions are drawn as to the thermal stability of these ionic liquids In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Octyl-1H-imidazole (cas: 21252-69-7Quality Control of 1-Octyl-1H-imidazole).

1-Octyl-1H-imidazole (cas: 21252-69-7) belongs to imidazole derivatives. Many natural products, especially alkaloids, contain the imidazole ring. These imidazoles share the 1,3-C3N2 ring but feature varied substituents. Many drugs contain an imidazole ring, such as certain antifungal drugs, the nitroimidazole series of antibiotics, and the sedative midazolam.Quality Control of 1-Octyl-1H-imidazole

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Tungstate ions (WO₄⁼) supported on imidazolium framework as novel and recyclable catalyst for rapid and selective oxidation of benzyl alcohols in the presence of hydrogen peroxide was written by Hosseini Eshbala, Fereshteh;Mohanazadeh, Farajollah;Sedrpoushan, Alireza. And the article was included in Applied Organometallic Chemistry in 2017.Application of 21252-69-7 This article mentions the following:

A tungstate salt with an imidazolium framework is found to be a recoverable and heterogeneous system favoring the highly selective oxidation of primary benzylic alcs. to corresponding aldehydes with 30% H₂O₂ as a green oxidant under neutral aqueous reaction conditions. Furthermore, in order to demonstrate the recyclability of the catalyst, it was recovered and efficiently reused in seven succeeding reaction cycles without any significant loss. The use of green solvent, very short reaction time with excellent yields, and recyclability of the catalyst make this protocol highly advantageous. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Octyl-1H-imidazole (cas: 21252-69-7Application of 21252-69-7).

1-Octyl-1H-imidazole (cas: 21252-69-7) belongs to imidazole derivatives. Many natural products, especially alkaloids, contain the imidazole ring. These imidazoles share the 1,3-C3N2 ring but feature varied substituents. Many drugs contain an imidazole ring, such as certain antifungal drugs, the nitroimidazole series of antibiotics, and the sedative midazolam.Application of 21252-69-7

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Prioritizing pharmaceuticals based on environmental risks in the aquatic environment in China was written by Guo, Jiahua;Liu, Shan;Zhou, Li;Cheng, Bo;Li, Qi. And the article was included in Journal of Environmental Management in 2021.Reference of 145040-37-5 This article mentions the following:

In last two decades, the number of detected activated pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in the natural environment worldwide has increased due to their widespread use in daily life. However, given the large number of APIs that are currently in use (approx. 850 are on the market in China), it is impractical to investigate the occurrence, ecotoxicol. effects, and perform environmental risk assessment for all drugs. Therefore, it is crucial to rank and prioritize APIs in the environment to identify the compounds of high concern. In China, since information on API usage is not available, an attempt was made to use the number of products per API (the number of pharmaceutical commodities that contain a particular API) on the market multiplied by its daily dose (average daily dose of medication for adults used for the primary therapeutic purpose) to replace the usage in the exposure modeling. Coupled with the hazard assessment, including acute and chronic toxicity of aquatic ecol. effects and potential effects related to the therapeutic mode of action, risk scores were estimated and used for ranking. Application of the approach was illustrated for 259 APIs with product number no less than 4. A list of 20 APIs was finally identified as a potential priority, including drugs of cardiovascular, nervous system, respiratory system, musculoskeletal system and antibiotics. In the future, this approach could be applied to prioritize APIs in other countries/regions where information on API usage are limited or non-existent. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(((Cyclohexyloxy)carbonyl)oxy)ethyl 1-((2′-(2H-tetrazol-5-yl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)methyl)-2-ethoxy-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-7-carboxylate (cas: 145040-37-5Reference of 145040-37-5).

1-(((Cyclohexyloxy)carbonyl)oxy)ethyl 1-((2′-(2H-tetrazol-5-yl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)methyl)-2-ethoxy-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-7-carboxylate (cas: 145040-37-5) belongs to imidazole derivatives. Many natural products, especially alkaloids, contain the imidazole ring. These imidazoles share the 1,3-C3N2 ring but feature varied substituents. Imidazole is incorporated into many important biological compounds. The most pervasive is the amino acid histidine, which has an imidazole side-chain. Histidine is present in many proteins and enzymes, e.g. by binding metal cofactors, as seen in hemoglobin.Reference of 145040-37-5

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Sustainable Production of o-Xylene from Biomass-Derived Pinacol and Acrolein was written by Hu, Yancheng;Li, Ning;Li, Guangyi;Wang, Aiqin;Cong, Yu;Wang, Xiaodong;Zhang, Tao. And the article was included in ChemSusChem in 2017.Safety of 1-ethyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium chloride This article mentions the following:

O-Xylene (OX) is a large-volume commodity chem. that is conventionally produced from fossil fuels. In this study, an efficient and sustainable two-step route is used to produce OX from biomass-derived pinacol and acrolein. In the first step, the phosphotungstic acid (HPW)-catalyzed pinacol dehydration in 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([emim]Cl) selectively affords 2,3-dimethylbutadiene. The high selectivity of this reaction can be ascribed to the H-bonding interaction between Cl^– and the hydroxy group of pinacol. The stabilization of the carbocation intermediate by the surrounding anion Cl^– may be another reason for the high selectivity. Notably, the good reusability of the HPW/[emim]Cl system can reduce the waste output and production cost. In the second step, OX is selectively produced by a Diels-Alder reaction of 2,3-dimethylbutadiene and acrolein, followed by a Pd/C-catalyzed decarbonylation/aromatization cascade in a one-pot fashion. The sustainable two-step process efficiently produces renewable OX in 79 % overall yield. Analogously, biomass-derived crotonaldehyde and pinacol can also serve as the feedstocks for the production of 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-ethyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium chloride (cas: 92507-97-6Safety of 1-ethyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium chloride).

1-ethyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium chloride (cas: 92507-97-6) belongs to imidazole derivatives. The solubility of imidazoles in ethers is lower than that in alcohols and decreases with increasing chain length of the ethers . In contrast, the solubility of benzimidazoles in alcohols (C3–C6) is higher than in water and generally decreases with a Imidazole based anticancer drug find applications in cancer chemotherapy. It is used as buffer component for purification of the histidine tagged recombinant proteins in immobilized metal-affinity chromatography (IMAC).Safety of 1-ethyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium chloride

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Pharmacogenetic aspects of the interaction of AT1 receptor antagonists with ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2 was written by Ripperger, Anne;Krischer, Anna;Robaa, Dina;Sippl, Wolfgang;Benndorf, Ralf A.. And the article was included in Frontiers in Pharmacology in 2018.Quality Control of 1-(((Cyclohexyloxy)carbonyl)oxy)ethyl 1-((2′-(2H-tetrazol-5-yl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)methyl)-2-ethoxy-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-7-carboxylate This article mentions the following:

The ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2 (BCRP and MXR) is involved in the absorption, distribution, and elimination of numerous drugs. In addition, genetic variability within the ABCG2 gene may influence the ability of the transporter to interact with ARBs. Thus, the aim of this study was to characterize the ARB-ABCG2 interaction in the light of naturally occurring variations (F489L, R482G) or amino acid substitutions with in silico-predicted relevance for the ARB-ABCG2 interaction (Y469A; M483F; Y570A). For this purpose, ABCG2 variants were expressed in HEK293 cells and the impact of ARBs on ABCG2 activity was studied in vitro using the pheophorbide A (PhA) efflux assay. First, we demonstrated that both the F489L and the Y469A substitution, resp., reduced ABCG2 protein levels in these cells. Moreover, both substitutions enhanced the inhibitory effect of candesartan cilexetil, irbesartan, losartan, and telmisartan on ABCG2-mediated PhA efflux, whereas the R482G substitution blunted the inhibitory effect of candesartan cilexetil and telmisartan in this regard. In conclusion, our data indicate that the third transmembrane helix and adjacent regions of ABCG2 may be of major importance for the interaction of ARBs with the ABC transporter. Moreover, we conclude from our data that individuals carrying the F489L polymorphism may be at increased risk of developing ABCG2-related drug-drug interactions in multi-drug regimens involving ARBs. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(((Cyclohexyloxy)carbonyl)oxy)ethyl 1-((2′-(2H-tetrazol-5-yl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)methyl)-2-ethoxy-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-7-carboxylate (cas: 145040-37-5Quality Control of 1-(((Cyclohexyloxy)carbonyl)oxy)ethyl 1-((2′-(2H-tetrazol-5-yl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)methyl)-2-ethoxy-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-7-carboxylate).

1-(((Cyclohexyloxy)carbonyl)oxy)ethyl 1-((2′-(2H-tetrazol-5-yl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)methyl)-2-ethoxy-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-7-carboxylate (cas: 145040-37-5) belongs to imidazole derivatives. The solubility of imidazoles in ethers is lower than that in alcohols and decreases with increasing chain length of the ethers . In contrast, the solubility of benzimidazoles in alcohols (C3–C6) is higher than in water and generally decreases with a Imidazole has been usedin the lysis, wash and elution buffer for the purification of histidine tagged Sonic Hedgehog(shh-N) protein, in elution buffer in stepwise gradient for the purification of histidine tagged aldo keto reductases using nickel affinity chromatography, as a component of homogenization buffer for the purification of phagosomal compartments from dendritic cells.Quality Control of 1-(((Cyclohexyloxy)carbonyl)oxy)ethyl 1-((2′-(2H-tetrazol-5-yl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)methyl)-2-ethoxy-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-7-carboxylate

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Synthesis, crystal structures and magnetic properties of a new radical NIT-1′-MeBzIm and the corresponding complexes of Ni(II), Co(II) and Zn(II) containing NIT-1′-MeBzIm was written by Wang, Li-Ya;Sun, Xiao-Yuan;Yang, Rui-Hua;Jiang, Kai;Wang, Yu-Fang. And the article was included in Journal of Molecular Structure in 2010.SDS of cas: 3012-80-4 This article mentions the following:

A new chelating radical, ligand NIT-1′-MeBzIm (1, NIT-1′-MeBzIm = 2-(1-methylbenzimidazol-2-yl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide) and three corresponding complexes, [M(NIT-1′-MeBzIm)₂(NO₃)(CH₃OH)]·(NO₃)(CH₃OH) (M = Ni (2), Co (3)) and [Zn(NIT-1′-MeBzIm)₂(CH₃OH)₂]·(ClO₄)₂(H₂O)₂(CH₃OH) (4), were prepared and structurally characterized by x-ray diffraction and variable-temperature magnetic susceptibility measurements. In the crystal structures radical 1 and complexes 3 and 4 crystallize isomorphously in monoclinic, with the space groups P2(1)/n, P2(1)/c, and P2(1), resp. Complex 2 crystallizes in orthorhombic space group Pna2(1). The metal ions of the three complexes embed in distorted octahedral geometry centers and are coordinated by two NIT-1′-MeBzIm radicals from the equatorial positions to form trans configurations; the axial positions are occupied by one methanol mol. and one nitrate anion for 2 and 3, but by two methanol mols. for 4. Magnetic measurement demonstrates that the intramol. exchange couplings in 2 and 3 are antiferromagnetic with J = -41.25 and -38.1 cm^-1, where the spin Hamiltonian is defined as H^= -2J(S_r̂_ad1 S_M̂ + S_M̂ S_r̂_ad2) based on the mol. structure of radical-metal-radical, while that in 4 is weakly ferromagnetic with J = 1.65 cm^-1 where the spin Hamiltonian is defined as H^= -2JS₁̂S₂̂ within the complexes. Intermol. exchange couplings in 1 is also weakly ferromagnetic with J = 1.32 cm^-1 where the spin Hamiltonian is defined as H^= -2JS₁̂S₂̂ between radical and radical. Compounds 2–4 exhibit intermol. antiferromagnetic interactions with the zJ’ = -0.52 cm^-1, θ = -0.75 K and zJ’ = -0.49 cm^-1 for compounds 2, 3 and 4, resp., which should ascribe to the weak interactions. The crystal structures for 1–4 have intermol. hydrogen bonding interactions (and π-π piling interactions for 1 and 3) which form the single crystals into 1-dimensional, 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional structures and seems to play an important role in mol. packing and in magnetic coupling. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Methyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-2-carbaldehyde (cas: 3012-80-4SDS of cas: 3012-80-4).

1-Methyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-2-carbaldehyde (cas: 3012-80-4) belongs to imidazole derivatives. Many natural products, especially alkaloids, contain the imidazole ring. These imidazoles share the 1,3-C3N2 ring but feature varied substituents. Imidazole derivatives have antibacterial, antifungal and anticancer functionality. It interacts with DNA and also binds to protein and stops cell division.SDS of cas: 3012-80-4

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem