Andevary, Hojatollah Haji’s team published research in Fuel Processing Technology in 2019 | CAS: 616-47-7

1-Methyl-1H-imidazole(cas: 616-47-7) is actively involved in removing acid during the production of diethoxyphenylphosphine. It is used as an intermediate in organic synthesis.Product Details of 616-47-7

In 2019,Fuel Processing Technology included an article by Andevary, Hojatollah Haji; Akbari, Azam; Omidkhah, Mohammadreza. Product Details of 616-47-7. The article was titled 《High efficient and selective oxidative desulfurization of diesel fuel using dual-function [Omim]FeCl4 as catalyst/extractant》. The information in the text is summarized as follows:

Lewis acidic ionic liquid (IL) of 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrachloroferrates ([Omim]FeCl4) with an interesting structure, was synthesized and introduced as a highly effective catalyst and also as extractive solvent in oxidative desulfurization (ODS) of model and real diesel fuels with H2O2 oxidant. FT-IR, H-NMR and TG-DSC anal. were used for characterization of the prepared ILs. GC-FID, GC-PFPD and GC-MS measurements were also employed to investigate the ODS yields and mechanism. The adequate structure and acidic properties of [Omim]FeCl4 allowed removal of thiophenic compounds with high efficiency in an extraction and then oxidation process. The effects of the major processing variables on ODS performance of [Omim]FeCl4 were studied in detail. At the optimal conditions of VIL/Voil of 1/10, O/S molar ratio of 5, reaction time of 15 min and room temperature, BT and DBT were totally eliminated, and 4,6-DMDBT was removed by 99% from the model diesel. Moreover, [Omim]FeCl4 was able to desulfurize two real diesel fuels containing 590 and 2573 ppmw of sulfur with the efficiency of 85% and 61.2%, resp., at a short time of 15 min. The exptl. results also showed a remarkable selectivity of 0.919 for elimination of thiophenic compounds in competition with non-sulfur aromatic model of 2-Me naphthalene. [Omim]FeCl4 exhibited an excellent recyclability with no significant decline in activity after use in 7 reaction cycles. An overall mechanism was also suggested for desulfurization by the proposed system. In the experimental materials used by the author, we found 1-Methyl-1H-imidazole(cas: 616-47-7Product Details of 616-47-7)

1-Methyl-1H-imidazole(cas: 616-47-7) is actively involved in removing acid during the production of diethoxyphenylphosphine. It is used as an intermediate in organic synthesis.Product Details of 616-47-7

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Masaret, Ghada S.’s team published research in Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry in 2018 | CAS: 7720-39-0

1H-Imidazol-2-amine(cas: 7720-39-0) belongs to anime. Amines can be classified according to the nature and number of substituents on nitrogen. Aliphatic amines contain only H and alkyl substituents. Aromatic amines have the nitrogen atom connected to an aromatic ring.Important amines include amino acids, biogenic amines, trimethylamine, and aniline. Inorganic derivatives of ammonia are also called amines, such as monochloramine (NClH2).Computed Properties of C3H5N3

In 2018,Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry included an article by Masaret, Ghada S.. Computed Properties of C3H5N3. The article was titled 《Convenient Synthesis of Polyaza-2-(heteroaryl)pyridine Derivatives》. The information in the text is summarized as follows:

A simple and efficient method for the synthesis of new heterocyclic compounds containing pyridine and 1,3-pyrimidine units has been developed. It is based on the reaction of the appropriate enaminone with some N-nucleophiles. In the experimental materials used by the author, we found 1H-Imidazol-2-amine(cas: 7720-39-0Computed Properties of C3H5N3)

1H-Imidazol-2-amine(cas: 7720-39-0) belongs to anime. Amines can be classified according to the nature and number of substituents on nitrogen. Aliphatic amines contain only H and alkyl substituents. Aromatic amines have the nitrogen atom connected to an aromatic ring.Important amines include amino acids, biogenic amines, trimethylamine, and aniline. Inorganic derivatives of ammonia are also called amines, such as monochloramine (NClH2).Computed Properties of C3H5N3

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Jorda, Radek’s team published research in European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2019 | CAS: 7720-39-0

1H-Imidazol-2-amine(cas: 7720-39-0) belongs to anime. Large quantities of aliphatic amines are made synthetically. The most widely used industrial method is the reaction of alcohols with ammonia at a high temperature, catalyzed by metals or metal oxide catalysts (e.g., nickel or copper). Mixtures of primary, secondary, and tertiary amines are thereby produced.HPLC of Formula: 7720-39-0

The author of 《Synthesis of novel galeterone derivatives and evaluation of their in vitro activity against prostate cancer cell lines》 were Jorda, Radek; Reznickova, Eva; Kielczewska, Urszula; Maj, Jadwiga; Morzycki, Jacek W.; Siergiejczyk, Leszek; Bazgier, Vaclav; Berka, Karel; Rarova, Lucie; Wojtkielewicz, Agnieszka. And the article was published in European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2019. HPLC of Formula: 7720-39-0 The author mentioned the following in the article:

Prostate cancer is one of the main causes of male cancer-related deaths worldwide and the suppression of androgen receptor signalling is established as an effective strategy for the treatment. A series of galeterone analogs including several steroid-fused azacycles, as well as 17-(benzimidazol-1-ylimino), 16α-(benzimidazol-2-ylamino), and 16α-(benzothiazol-2-ylamino) steroid derivatives, were synthesized and tested against prostate cancer cell lines. Candidate compound I was shown to reduce AR-regulated transcription in a dose-dependent manner in nanomolar ranges and suppress expression of AR-regulated proteins Nkx3.1 and PSA in 22Rv1-ARE14 and VCaP cancer cell lines. Flexible docking study revealed similar position of I within AR binding site in comparison of galeterone even with stronger binding energy.1H-Imidazol-2-amine(cas: 7720-39-0HPLC of Formula: 7720-39-0) was used in this study.

1H-Imidazol-2-amine(cas: 7720-39-0) belongs to anime. Large quantities of aliphatic amines are made synthetically. The most widely used industrial method is the reaction of alcohols with ammonia at a high temperature, catalyzed by metals or metal oxide catalysts (e.g., nickel or copper). Mixtures of primary, secondary, and tertiary amines are thereby produced.HPLC of Formula: 7720-39-0

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Trang, Tran Thi Thu’s team published research in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry in 2018 | CAS: 7720-39-0

1H-Imidazol-2-amine(cas: 7720-39-0) belongs to anime. Aniline, ethanolamines, and several other amines are major industrial commodities used in making rubber, dyes, pharmaceuticals, and synthetic resins and fibres and for a host of other applications. Most of the numerous methods for the preparation of amines may be broadly divided into two groups: (1) chemical reduction (replacement of oxygen with hydrogen atoms in the molecule) of members of several other classes of organic nitrogen compounds and (2) reactions of ammonia or amines with organic compounds.Computed Properties of C3H5N3

In 2018,Trang, Tran Thi Thu; Dieltjens, Lise; Hooyberghs, Geert; Waldrant, Kai; Ermolat’ev, Denis S.; Van der Eycken, Erik V.; Steenackers, Hans P. L. published 《Enhancing the anti-biofilm activity of 5-aryl-2-aminoimidazoles through nature inspired dimerisation》.Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry published the findings.Computed Properties of C3H5N3 The information in the text is summarized as follows:

The increased tolerance of biofilms against disinfectants and antibiotics has stimulated research into new methods of biofilm prevention and eradication. In our previous work, we have identified the 5-aryl-2-aminoimidazole core as a scaffold that demonstrates preventive activity against biofilm formation of a broad range of bacterial and fungal species. Inspired by the dimeric nature of natural 2-aminoimidazoles of the oroidin family, we investigated the potential of dimers of our decorated 5-aryl-2-aminoimidazoles as biofilm inhibitors. A synthetic approach towards 2-aminoimidazole dimers linked by an alkyl chain was developed and a total of 48 dimers were synthesized. The linkers were introduced at two different positions, the N1-position or the N2-position, and the linker length and the substitution of the 5-Ph ring (H, F, Cl, Br) were varied. Although, no clear correlation between linker length and biofilm inhibition was observed, a strong increase in anti-biofilm activity for almost all N1,N1′-linked dimers was obtained, compared to the resp. monomers against Salmonella Typhimurium, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The N2,N2′-linked dimers, having a H- or F-substitution, were also found to show a strong increase in anti-biofilm activity compared to the resp. monomers against these three bacterial species and against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In addition, the obtained growth measurements suggest a broad concentration range with specific biofilm inhibition and no effect on the planktonic growth against Salmonella Typhimurium and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In the experimental materials used by the author, we found 1H-Imidazol-2-amine(cas: 7720-39-0Computed Properties of C3H5N3)

1H-Imidazol-2-amine(cas: 7720-39-0) belongs to anime. Aniline, ethanolamines, and several other amines are major industrial commodities used in making rubber, dyes, pharmaceuticals, and synthetic resins and fibres and for a host of other applications. Most of the numerous methods for the preparation of amines may be broadly divided into two groups: (1) chemical reduction (replacement of oxygen with hydrogen atoms in the molecule) of members of several other classes of organic nitrogen compounds and (2) reactions of ammonia or amines with organic compounds.Computed Properties of C3H5N3

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Milton, Morgan E.’s team published research in Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences in 2018 | CAS: 7720-39-0

1H-Imidazol-2-amine(cas: 7720-39-0) belongs to anime.Typically the presence of an amine functional group is deduced by a combination of techniques, including mass spectrometry as well as NMR and IR spectroscopies. 1H NMR signals for amines disappear upon treatment of the sample with D2O. In their infrared spectrum primary amines exhibit two N-H bands, whereas secondary amines exhibit only one.Related Products of 7720-39-0

In 2018,Milton, Morgan E.; Minrovic, Bradley M.; Harris, Danni L.; Kang, Brian; Jung, David; Lewis, Caleb P.; Thompson, Richele J.; Melander, Roberta J.; Zeng, Daina; Melander, Christian; Cavanagh, John published 《Re-sensitizing multidrug resistant bacteria to antibiotics by targeting bacterial response regulators: characterization and comparison of interactions between 2-aminoimidazoles and the response regulators BfmR from Acinetobacter baumannii and QseB from Francisella spp.》.Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences published the findings.Related Products of 7720-39-0 The information in the text is summarized as follows:

2-Aminoimidazole (2-AI) compounds inhibit the formation of bacterial biofilms, disperse preformed biofilms, and re-sensitize multidrug resistant bacteria to antibiotics. 2-Als have previously been shown to interact with bacterial response regulators, but the mechanism of interaction is still unknown. Response regulators are one part of two-component systems (TCS). TCSs allow cells to respond to changes in their environment, and are used to trigger quorum sensing, virulence factors, and antibiotic resistance. Drugs that target the TCS signaling process can inhibit pathogenic behavior, making this a potent new therapeutic approach that has not yet been fully exploited. We previously laid the groundwork for the interaction of the Acinetobacter baumannii response regulator BfmR with an early 2-AI derivative Here, we further investigate the response regulator/2-AI interaction and look at a wider library of 2-AI compounds By combining mol. modeling with biochem. and cellular studies, we expand on a potential mechanism for interaction between response regulators and 2-AIs. We also establish that Francisella tularensis/novicida, encoding for only three known response regulators, can be a model system to study the interaction between 2-AIs and response regulators. We show that knowledge gained from studying Francisella can be applied to the more complex A. baumannii system, which contains over 50 response regulators. Understanding the impact of 2-AIs on response regulators and their mechanism of interaction will lead to the development of more potent compounds that will serve as adjuvant therapies to broad-range antibiotics. In the experimental materials used by the author, we found 1H-Imidazol-2-amine(cas: 7720-39-0Related Products of 7720-39-0)

1H-Imidazol-2-amine(cas: 7720-39-0) belongs to anime.Typically the presence of an amine functional group is deduced by a combination of techniques, including mass spectrometry as well as NMR and IR spectroscopies. 1H NMR signals for amines disappear upon treatment of the sample with D2O. In their infrared spectrum primary amines exhibit two N-H bands, whereas secondary amines exhibit only one.Related Products of 7720-39-0

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Yu, Xiaoliang’s team published research in ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering in 2020 | CAS: 616-47-7

1-Methyl-1H-imidazole(cas: 616-47-7) is actively involved in removing acid during the production of diethoxyphenylphosphine. It is used as an intermediate in organic synthesis.Application of 616-47-7

《Dual-Mode Fluorescence and Magnetic Resonance Imaging by Perylene Diimide-Based Gd-Containing Magnetic Ionic Liquids》 was written by Yu, Xiaoliang; Yuan, Xiaoyan; Huang, Zitan; Zhang, Wenyu; Huang, Fan; Ren, Lixia. Application of 616-47-7 And the article was included in ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering in 2020. The article conveys some information:

Bioimaging plays a key role in the diagnosis/treatment of diseases and in scientific research studies. Compared with single imaging techniques, dual-mode and multimode imaging techniques facilitate high accuracy. In this work, a perylene diimide (PDI)-based Gd-containing magnetic ionic liquid, Per-6-Diimi[Gd(NO3)4], is reported for dual-modal imaging, in which a Gd(III) complex was used for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), while PDI was used for fluorescence imaging. Because of the difference in the biol. microenvironment, there is a switch between dispersed and aggregated states of Per-6-Diimi[Gd(NO3)4] mols. in hydrophobic and hydrophilic media. When it was in the aqueous solution, the intensive π-π interaction of PDI cores made Per-6-Diimi[Gd(NO3)4] aggregates to form particles. The paramagnetic nanoparticles ensure prolonging the rotational correlation time, which results in a strong enhancement of MRI with a longitude relaxation coefficient of 14.94 mM-1 s-1. In an in vivo MRI experiment, the tumor site is imaged by MRI through the enhanced permeability and retention effect. However, when the mol. is present on the hydrophobic membrane of the cells, the dispersed Per-6-Diimi[Gd(NO3)4] showed good fluorescence imaging capabilities due to the high fluorescence quantum yield of PDI. Thus, the fluorescence imaging of cells can be carried out. Moreover, ex vivo fluorescence imaging of organs is performed after MRI. Per-6-Diimi[Gd(NO3)4] is enriched in the liver, kidneys, and tumors. The results came from multiple reactions, including the reaction of 1-Methyl-1H-imidazole(cas: 616-47-7Application of 616-47-7)

1-Methyl-1H-imidazole(cas: 616-47-7) is actively involved in removing acid during the production of diethoxyphenylphosphine. It is used as an intermediate in organic synthesis.Application of 616-47-7

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Soliman, Nanees N.’s team published research in Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry in 2021 | CAS: 7720-39-0

1H-Imidazol-2-amine(cas: 7720-39-0) belongs to anime. Amines can be classified according to the nature and number of substituents on nitrogen. Aliphatic amines contain only H and alkyl substituents. Aromatic amines have the nitrogen atom connected to an aromatic ring.Important amines include amino acids, biogenic amines, trimethylamine, and aniline. Inorganic derivatives of ammonia are also called amines, such as monochloramine (NClH2).Reference of 1H-Imidazol-2-amine

Reference of 1H-Imidazol-2-amineIn 2021 ,《Synthesis and molecular docking of some new 3,5-bis-(diazepine, pyrazolopyrimidine, pyrimidine, and pyrazole) pyridine derivatives and their in vitro and in vivo biological evaluation as potential antitumor agents》 appeared in Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry. The author of the article were Soliman, Nanees N.; Tag, Yasmin M.; Bayoumy, Nesma M.. The article conveys some information:

Dihydropyridine-containing bisenaminone I was used to synthesize new heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen moieties, such as II (R = H, Me, Ph, H2N, 6,6-dimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-en-2-yl) by reaction with different bifunctional reagents. Moreover, the new compounds were screened in vitro as antitumor agents for Ehrlich ascites at different concentrations The results showed that selected compounds such as II (R = H) had good activity. In addition the mol. docking of these mentioned compounds was studied using vascular endothelial growth factor receptor. In addition to this study using 1H-Imidazol-2-amine, there are many other studies that have used 1H-Imidazol-2-amine(cas: 7720-39-0Reference of 1H-Imidazol-2-amine) was used in this study.

1H-Imidazol-2-amine(cas: 7720-39-0) belongs to anime. Amines can be classified according to the nature and number of substituents on nitrogen. Aliphatic amines contain only H and alkyl substituents. Aromatic amines have the nitrogen atom connected to an aromatic ring.Important amines include amino acids, biogenic amines, trimethylamine, and aniline. Inorganic derivatives of ammonia are also called amines, such as monochloramine (NClH2).Reference of 1H-Imidazol-2-amine

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Raghu, M. S.’s team published research in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters in 2022 | CAS: 7720-39-0

1H-Imidazol-2-amine(cas: 7720-39-0) belongs to anime. Reduction of nitro compounds, RNO2, by hydrogen or other reducing agents produces primary amines cleanly (i.e., without a mixture of products), but the method is mostly used for aromatic amines because of the limited availability of aliphatic nitro compounds. Reduction of nitriles and oximes (R2C=NOH) also yields primary amines.Related Products of 7720-39-0

In 2022,Raghu, M. S.; Pradeep Kumar, C. B.; Yogesh Kumar, K.; Prashanth, M. K.; Alshahrani, Mohammad Y.; Ahmad, Irfan; Jain, Ranjana published an article in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters. The title of the article was 《Design, synthesis and molecular docking studies of imidazole and benzimidazole linked ethionamide derivatives as inhibitors of InhA and antituberculosis agents》.Related Products of 7720-39-0 The author mentioned the following in the article:

To explore effective antituberculosis agents, a new class of imidazoles and benzimidazoles linked ethionamide analogs I [R = 1H-imidazol-2-yl, 1-methyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl, 1H-1,3-benzodiazol-2-yl, etc.] were designed and synthesized. The elemental anal., 1H NMR, 13C NMR and mass spectral data were used to characterize all of the novel analogs I. In vitro activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) H37Rv was assessed for all of the target compounds I. The hydroxy and nitrile moieties on the imidazole ring, as well as the hydroxy and methoxy groups on the benzimidazole ring connected to the ethionamide side chain, were shown to be advantageous. In our cell viability experiment against the Vero cell line, all of the compounds I were non-cytotoxic even at 100μM. To confirm the powerful analogs target identification, their in vitro inhibitory action was investigated on an M. tuberculosis InhA over-expressing (Mtb InhA-OE) strain, which yielded MICs nearly twice those of the Mtb H37Rv strain. Furthermore, the results of mol. docking confirmed the exptl. findings. Addnl., the mols. were evaluated in silico for ADMET and drug similarity features. The exptl. observation enables the newly generated ethionamide derivatives to be attractive candidates for the creation of newer and better anti-TB agents. In the experimental materials used by the author, we found 1H-Imidazol-2-amine(cas: 7720-39-0Related Products of 7720-39-0)

1H-Imidazol-2-amine(cas: 7720-39-0) belongs to anime. Reduction of nitro compounds, RNO2, by hydrogen or other reducing agents produces primary amines cleanly (i.e., without a mixture of products), but the method is mostly used for aromatic amines because of the limited availability of aliphatic nitro compounds. Reduction of nitriles and oximes (R2C=NOH) also yields primary amines.Related Products of 7720-39-0

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Zhang, Duo’s team published research in Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry in 2020 | CAS: 616-47-7

1-Methyl-1H-imidazole(cas: 616-47-7) is actively involved in removing acid during the production of diethoxyphenylphosphine. It is used as an intermediate in organic synthesis.HPLC of Formula: 616-47-7

《Physicochemical properties of ether-functionalized ionic liquids [CnOC2mim][Gly] (n = 1-5)》 was written by Zhang, Duo; Zhang, Shan-Shan; Hong, Mei; Yu, Ke; Tong, Jing. HPLC of Formula: 616-47-7 And the article was included in Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry in 2020. The article conveys some information:

A review. Abstract: A novel ionic liquid 1-ethoxyethyl-3-methylimidazolium glycine ([C2OC2mim][Gly]) was prepared and characterized by 1H NMR spectroscopy, 13C NMR spectroscopy, elemental anal. and thermogravimetric anal. The d., surface tension and refractive index of [C2OC2mim][Gly] were measured in T = (288.15-328.15) K using the standard addition method. Based on exptl. data, physicochem. properties molar volume, parachor, surface tension, the molar surface Gibbs energy, the molar vaporization enthalpy, thermal expansion coefficients, molar refraction and refractive index of the homologues [CnOC2mim][Gly] (n = 1-5) were predicted using semiempirical methods. The predicted values were in good agreement within an order of magnitude with the exptl. ones. Graphic Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.].1-Methyl-1H-imidazole(cas: 616-47-7HPLC of Formula: 616-47-7) was used in this study.

1-Methyl-1H-imidazole(cas: 616-47-7) is actively involved in removing acid during the production of diethoxyphenylphosphine. It is used as an intermediate in organic synthesis.HPLC of Formula: 616-47-7

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Cheng, Huanbo’s team published research in Journal of Polymers and the Environment in 2018 | CAS: 7720-39-0

1H-Imidazol-2-amine(cas: 7720-39-0) belongs to anime. Amine, any member of a family of nitrogen-containing organic compounds that is derived, either in principle or in practice, from ammonia (NH3). Naturally occurring amines include the alkaloids, which are present in certain plants; the catecholamine neurotransmitters (i.e., dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine); and a local chemical mediator, histamine, that occurs in most animal tissues.Electric Literature of C3H5N3

In 2018,Cheng, Huanbo; Huang, Haihong; Liu, Zhifeng; Zhang, Jie published 《Reaction Kinetics of CFRP Degradation in Supercritical Fluids》.Journal of Polymers and the Environment published the findings.Electric Literature of C3H5N3 The information in the text is summarized as follows:

The reaction kinetics models of carbon fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) degradation in supercritical fluids were established by analyzing the chain scission reaction of a cross-linked network in CFRP. The effect of reaction time and temperature on the residual resin content from the recycled carbon fiber was investigated. The reaction order of CFRP degradation was estimated, and the reaction rate constant was calculated at different reaction temperatures Reaction kinetics equations of CFRP degradation in different supercritical fluids were also proposed. Results indicated that CFRP degradation was mainly due to the scission of the C-C, C-O, and -O- bonds in the linear chain segment and of the C-N bond in the cross-linked segment of an epoxy resin cure system. The reaction order was 2 or 2.5. The monofilament tensile strength of recycled carbon fiber in supercritical n-butanol and n-propanol, which had higher degradation reaction rates, decreased by about 2% compared with that of the original carbon fiber. In the experiment, the researchers used 1H-Imidazol-2-amine(cas: 7720-39-0Electric Literature of C3H5N3)

1H-Imidazol-2-amine(cas: 7720-39-0) belongs to anime. Amine, any member of a family of nitrogen-containing organic compounds that is derived, either in principle or in practice, from ammonia (NH3). Naturally occurring amines include the alkaloids, which are present in certain plants; the catecholamine neurotransmitters (i.e., dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine); and a local chemical mediator, histamine, that occurs in most animal tissues.Electric Literature of C3H5N3

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem