Tag: 100-200

Optimization of Pyrrolamide Topoisomerase II Inhibitors Toward Identification of an Antibacterial Clinical Candidate (AZD5099) was written by Basarab, Gregory S.;Hill, Pamela J.;Garner, C. Edwin;Hull, Ken;Green, Oluyinka;Sherer, Brian A.;Dangel, P. Brian;Manchester, John I.;Bist, Shanta;Hauck, Sheila;Zhou, Fei;Uria-Nickelsen, Maria;Illingworth, Ruth;Alm, Richard;Rooney, Mike;Eakin, Ann E.. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2014.Product Details of 85692-37-1 This article mentions the following:

AZD5099 I is an antibacterial agent that entered phase 1 clin. trials targeting infections caused by Gram-pos. and fastidious Gram-neg. bacteria. It was derived from previously reported pyrrolamide antibacterials and a fragment-based approach targeting the ATP binding site of bacterial type II topoisomerases. The program described herein varied a 3-piperidine substituent and incorporated 4-thiazole substituents that form a seven-membered ring intramol. hydrogen bond with a 5-position carboxylic acid. Improved antibacterial activity and lower in vivo clearances were achieved. The lower clearances were attributed, in part, to reduced recognition by the multidrug resistant transporter Mrp2. Compound I showed notable efficacy in a mouse neutropenic Staphylococcus aureus infection model. Resistance frequency vs. the drug was low, and reports of clin. resistance due to alteration of the target are few. Hence, I could offer a novel treatment for serious issues of resistance to currently used antibacterials. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(1-Methyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)ethanone (cas: 85692-37-1Product Details of 85692-37-1).

1-(1-Methyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)ethanone (cas: 85692-37-1) belongs to imidazole derivatives. The solubility of imidazoles in ethers is lower than that in alcohols and decreases with increasing chain length of the ethers . In contrast, the solubility of benzimidazoles in alcohols (C3–C6) is higher than in water and generally decreases with a This ring system is present in important biological building blocks, such as histidine and the related hormone histamine.Product Details of 85692-37-1

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Asymmetric Copper(II)-Catalysed Nitroaldol (Henry) Reactions Utilizing a Chiral C₁-Symmetric Dinitrogen Ligand was written by Zhou, Yirong;Gong, Yuefa. And the article was included in European Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2011.Electric Literature of C9H8N2O This article mentions the following:

A series of stable chiral C₁-sym. dinitrogen ligands were conveniently synthesized in high yields by condensation of chiral amines [(-)-exo-bornylamine or (+)-(1S,2S,5R)-menthylamine] with various substituted imidazolecarbaldehydes. With the assistance of base, the ligand L1 (I) in combination with CuCl₂·2H₂O (2.5 mol % or 5.0 mol %) can efficiently promote nitroaldol (Henry) reactions between a variety of aldehydes and nitromethane. Both aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes were tolerated in our catalytic system, affording the expected nitroalc. products in high yields (up to 97 %) and with good enantioselectivities (up to 96 %) under mild reaction conditions. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Methyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-2-carbaldehyde (cas: 3012-80-4Electric Literature of C9H8N2O).

1-Methyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-2-carbaldehyde (cas: 3012-80-4) belongs to imidazole derivatives. Many natural products, especially alkaloids, contain the imidazole ring. These imidazoles share the 1,3-C3N2 ring but feature varied substituents. The pharmacophore of imidazole exists in bioactive compounds including amino acids, plant growth regulators and therapeutic agents.n increase of the alkyl chain length of the alcohols. Electric Literature of C9H8N2O

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Half-Sandwich Ruthenium Complexes Bearing Hemilabile κ²-(C,S)-Thioether-Functionalized NHC Ligands: Application to Amide Synthesis from Alcohol and Amine was written by Egly, Julien;Chen, Weighang;Maisse-Francois, Aline;Bellemin-Laponnaz, Stephane;Achard, Thierry. And the article was included in European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry in 2022.Reference of 1632-83-3 This article mentions the following:

Amide synthesis is one of the most crucial transformations in chem. and biol. Among various catalytic systems, N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-based ruthenium (Ru) catalyst systems have been proven to be active for direct synthesis of amides by sustainable acceptorless dehydrogenative Coupling of primary alcs. with amines. Most often, these catalytic systems usually use monodentate NHC and thus require an addnl. ligand to obtain high reactivity and selectivity. In this work, a series of cationic Ru(II)(η⁶-p-cymene) complexes with thioether-functionalized N-heterocyclic carbene ligands (imidazole and benzimidazole-based) have been prepared and fully characterized. These complexes have then been used in the amidation reaction and the most promising one (i.e. 3c) has been applied on a large range of substrates. High conversions albeit with moderate yields have generally been obtained. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Methylbenzimidazole (cas: 1632-83-3Reference of 1632-83-3).

1-Methylbenzimidazole (cas: 1632-83-3) belongs to imidazole derivatives. Imidazole is a heterocyclic compound with a five-membered planar ring. It is amphoteric and highly polar. Imidazole has been usedin the lysis, wash and elution buffer for the purification of histidine tagged Sonic Hedgehog(shh-N) protein, in elution buffer in stepwise gradient for the purification of histidine tagged aldo keto reductases using nickel affinity chromatography, as a component of homogenization buffer for the purification of phagosomal compartments from dendritic cells.Reference of 1632-83-3

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Bioreductive Markers for Hypoxic Cells: 2-Nitroimidazoles with Biotinylated 1-Substituents was written by Hodgkiss, Richard J.;Parrick, John;Porssa, Manuchehr;Stratford, Michael R. L.. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 1994.Recommanded Product: 2-(2-Nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)acetic acid This article mentions the following:

The interference by oxygen with the bioreductive metabolism and binding within cells of 2-nitroimidazoles has been used to identify hypoxic cells. Three title novel compounds, e.g. I, were synthesized with a 1-substituent containing a biotin moiety. Bound adducts of these compounds could be identified in hypoxic cells in vitro by the biotin binding proteins, avidin or streptavidin, labeled with fluorescein. The metabolism and discrimination of these compounds between well-oxygenated and hypoxic cells was evaluated by flow cytometry. Ester or amide links between the 2-nitroimidazole and the biotin were degraded in the presence of mouse serum, but a compound with a C5 hydrocarbon link was stable, and this compound was suitable for evaluation in an in vivo tumor model. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(2-Nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)acetic acid (cas: 22813-32-7Recommanded Product: 2-(2-Nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)acetic acid).

2-(2-Nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)acetic acid (cas: 22813-32-7) belongs to imidazole derivatives. Imidazole is the basic core of some natural products such as histidine, purine, histamine and DNA based structures, etc. Among the different heterocyclic compounds, imidazole is better known due to its broad range of chemical and biological properties. Many drugs contain an imidazole ring, such as certain antifungal drugs, the nitroimidazole series of antibiotics, and the sedative midazolam.Recommanded Product: 2-(2-Nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)acetic acid

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

A Heterogeneous Iridium Catalyst for the Hydroboration of Pyridines was written by Rodriguez, Jessica;Conley, Matthew P.. And the article was included in Organic Letters in 2022.Computed Properties of C8H8N2 This article mentions the following:

Sulfated Zr oxide (SZO) capped with silylium-like ions reacts with (cod)Ir(py)Cl (cod = 1,5-cyclooctadiene; py = pyridine) to form [Ir(cod)py][SZO] (1) and Me₃SiCl. 1 Can also be formed in reactions of phosphonium functionalized SZO and [Ir(cod)(OSi(O^tBu)₃)]₂, which forms [Ir(cod)P(^tBu)₂Ph][SZO] (2), followed by reaction with pyridine to form 1. FTIR and ¹⁵N{¹H} MAS NMR spectroscopy are consistent with coordination of pyridine in 1 to an electrophilic Ir. 1 Is moderately active in the dearomative hydroboration of pyridine. The primary product of this reaction is 1,2-dihydropyridine, which converts to the 1,4-dihydropyridine product at long reaction times. 1 Catalyzes the dearomative hydroboration of a variety of substituted pyridines and is also reactive toward pyrazines and N-methylimidazole. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Methylbenzimidazole (cas: 1632-83-3Computed Properties of C8H8N2).

1-Methylbenzimidazole (cas: 1632-83-3) belongs to imidazole derivatives. 1H-imidazole is an imidazole tautomer which has the migrating hydrogen at position 1. It is a conjugate base of an imidazolium cation. It is a conjugate acid of an imidazolide. It is a tautomer of a 4H-imidazole. Imidazole derivatives have antibacterial, antifungal and anticancer functionality. It interacts with DNA and also binds to protein and stops cell division.Computed Properties of C8H8N2

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Oxidative degradation of chitosan by H₂O₂ in acidic ionic liquid aqueous solutions was written by Wu, Changchun;Zang, Hongjun;Li, Daqing;Zhang, Mingchuan;Yu, Jianchun;Cheng, Bowen. And the article was included in Gaofenzi Cailiao Kexue Yu Gongcheng in 2014.Name: 1-Methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium chloride This article mentions the following:

In this paper, ionic liquid 1-(4-sulfonic acid) butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate ([MIMBS]HSO₄) with better dissolution performance was selected. The oxidative degradation of high mol. weight chitosan was conducted with H₂O₂ in the above-mentioned ionic liquid aqueous solution, and the reaction system was homogeneous. In order to optimize the reaction conditions, the influence of dosage of ionic liquid, n (H₂O₂): n (chitosan), reaction temperature and reaction time on the degradation were studied. The mol. weight of chitosan was determined by viscosity method. The structures of original and degraded chitosan were characterized by FT-IR and XRD. The results indicate that the crystal structures of chitosan are destroyed, and the crystallinity decreases. The oxidative degradation reactions proceed more completely with increasing ionic liquid concentration At the meantime, the increased dosage of H₂O₂, enhanced reaction temperature and prolonged reaction time also promote this degradation reaction. The optimum conditions are determined as follows: the aqueous solution of 8% [MIMBS]HSO₄, n (H₂O₂): n (chitosan) = 5:1, reaction temperature equal to 80°C and reaction time equal to 3 h. Under the above reaction conditions, the yield of the regenerated chitosan is 74%, and the viscosity-average mol. weight is 21.2 × 10³. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium chloride (cas: 35487-17-3Name: 1-Methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium chloride).

1-Methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium chloride (cas: 35487-17-3) belongs to imidazole derivatives. 1H-imidazole is an imidazole tautomer which has the migrating hydrogen at position 1. It is a conjugate base of an imidazolium cation. It is a conjugate acid of an imidazolide. It is a tautomer of a 4H-imidazole. The pharmacophore of imidazole exists in bioactive compounds including amino acids, plant growth regulators and therapeutic agents.n increase of the alkyl chain length of the alcohols. Name: 1-Methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium chloride

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Aqueous-phase, palladium-catalyzed Suzuki reactions under mild conditions was written by Cai, Yueqin;Song, Gonghua;Wu, Zhongyuan;Zhang, Jiawei. And the article was included in Green and Sustainable Chemistry in 2013.Electric Literature of C11H20N2 This article mentions the following:

A series of biaryls I [R¹ = H, 4-Me, 2-MeO, etc.; R² = H, 4-Me, 4-MeO, etc.] were prepared by Suzuki coupling of aryl halides and aryl boronic acids using ionic liquid-supported diols as phosphine-free ligands under mild conditions in aqueous solvent. It was found that 2,2-bis((1-hexylimidazolium)-methyl) propane-1,3-diol hexafluorophosphate in combination with palladium (II) salts gave the most significant and reusable catalyst. Notably, the reactions of hydrophilic aryl bromides gave high yields in neat water. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Octyl-1H-imidazole (cas: 21252-69-7Electric Literature of C11H20N2).

1-Octyl-1H-imidazole (cas: 21252-69-7) belongs to imidazole derivatives. Among the different heterocyclic compounds, imidazole is better known due to its broad range of chemical and biological properties. Imidazole has become an important synthon in the development of new drugs. Imidazole derivatives have antibacterial, antifungal and anticancer functionality. It interacts with DNA and also binds to protein and stops cell division.Electric Literature of C11H20N2

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

A simple, eco-friendly, and recyclable bi-functional acidic ionic liquid catalysts for Beckmann rearrangement was written by Kore, Rajkumar;Srivastava, Rajendra. And the article was included in Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical in 2013.Synthetic Route of C4H7ClN2 This article mentions the following:

A library of ionic liquids was prepared by varying the cations and anions. Bi-functional acidic ionic liquids were prepared by the direct combination of ionic liquids and ZnCl₂. Ionic liquids were investigated in the Beckmann rearrangements. A simple, eco-friendly, and recyclable bi-functional acidic ionic liquid based protocol for Beckmann rearrangement is developed, which is based on the fine tuning of the Broensted and the Lewis acidity of ionic liquids In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium chloride (cas: 35487-17-3Synthetic Route of C4H7ClN2).

1-Methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium chloride (cas: 35487-17-3) belongs to imidazole derivatives. Many natural products, especially alkaloids, contain the imidazole ring. These imidazoles share the 1,3-C3N2 ring but feature varied substituents. Imidazole is incorporated into many important biological compounds. The most pervasive is the amino acid histidine, which has an imidazole side-chain. Histidine is present in many proteins and enzymes, e.g. by binding metal cofactors, as seen in hemoglobin.Synthetic Route of C4H7ClN2

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Protic, Aprotic, and Choline-Derived Ionic Liquids: Toward Enhancing the Accessibility of Hardwood and Softwood was written by Rigual, Victoria;Ovejero-Perez, Antonio;Rivas, Sandra;Dominguez, Juan C.;Alonso, M. Virginia;Oliet, Mercedes;Rodriguez, Francisco. And the article was included in ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering in 2020.Reference of 35487-17-3 This article mentions the following:

A side-by-side comparison of softwood (pine) vs. hardwood (eucalyptus) pretreatment using 3 protic, 3 aprotic, and 3 choline-derived ionic liquids (ILs) is proposed. While the protic ionic liquid 2-hydroxyethylammonium formate leads to alkali lignin dissolution at 30°C after 1 h, the lack of interactions with the whole-cell wall limits the biomass disruption. On the contrary, the protic ionic liquid 1-methylimidazolium chloride produces a catalytic effect that extracts almost all of the hemicelluloses, and partially the lignin. Remarkable digestibilities are obtained with choline acetate ([Ch][OAc]) in eucalyptus (69%), while in pine, protic, and choline-derived ILs tested do not appear to be real “greener” alternatives to conventional ILs such as 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate (the highest digestibility, 84%). Solid morphol. revealed a smoother surface in pine pretreated with [Mim][Cl], and confocal fluorescence microscopy was used to distinguish surface holocellulose and lignin, highlighting differences in the accessibility of hardwood vs. softwood due to the presence of surface lignin. Two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy of saccharified samples pretreated with [Ch][OAc] showed the presence of groups derived from acetate. Finally, thermogravimetric anal. and spectroscopy techniques reveal the difficulties in recovering the ionic liquid and conclude a work that describes the strengths and weaknesses of the ILs and biomasses studied. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium chloride (cas: 35487-17-3Reference of 35487-17-3).

1-Methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium chloride (cas: 35487-17-3) belongs to imidazole derivatives. Many natural products, especially alkaloids, contain the imidazole ring. These imidazoles share the 1,3-C3N2 ring but feature varied substituents. The pharmacophore of imidazole exists in bioactive compounds including amino acids, plant growth regulators and therapeutic agents.n increase of the alkyl chain length of the alcohols. Reference of 35487-17-3

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Activity of antitumor drugs against african trypanosomes was written by Kinnamon, Kenneth E.;Steck, Edgar A.;Rane, Dora S.. And the article was included in Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy in 1979.Recommanded Product: 26832-08-6 This article mentions the following:

Of 49 compounds with antitumor properties, 6 had significant activity against Trypanosoma rhodesiense infections in mice. In order of decreasing activity these compounds were imidazole-4-carboxamide (I) [26832-08-6], inosine diglycoaldehyde (II) [23590-99-0], cis-diamminedichloroplatinum [15663-27-1], streptozotocin [18883-66-4], coralyne sulfate [38989-37-6], and 5-fluoro-2′-deoxyuridine [50-91-9]. Of these compounds, only diamminedichloroplatinum was toxic. These compounds may have therapeutic importance against Trypanosoma infections. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1H-Imidazole-4-carboxamide (cas: 26832-08-6Recommanded Product: 26832-08-6).

1H-Imidazole-4-carboxamide (cas: 26832-08-6) belongs to imidazole derivatives. Imidazole derivatives generally have good solubility in protic solvents. Simple imidazole derivatives, such as 1H-imidazole, 2-methyl-1H-imidazole, and 1,2-dimethylimidazole, have very high solubility in water. This ring system is present in important biological building blocks, such as histidine and the related hormone histamine.Recommanded Product: 26832-08-6

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem