Tag: M.W=100-150

Pezo, Valerie; Jaziri, Faten; Bourguignon, Pierre-Yves; Louis, Dominique; Jacobs-Sera, Deborah; Rozenski, Jef; Pochet, Sylvie; Herdewijn, Piet; Hatfull, Graham F.; Kaminski, Pierre-Alexandre; Marliere, Philippe published the artcile< Noncanonical DNA polymerization by aminoadenine-based siphoviruses>, HPLC of Formula: 452-06-2, the main research area is noncanonical DNA polymerization aminoadenine siphovirus bacteriophage mol evolution.

Bacteriophage genomes harbor the broadest chem. diversity of nucleobases across all life forms. Certain DNA viruses that infect hosts as diverse as cyanobacteria, proteobacteria, and actinobacteria exhibit wholesale substitution of aminoadenine for adenine, thereby forming three hydrogen bonds with thymine and violating Watson-Crick pairing rules. Aminoadenine-encoded DNA polymerases, homologous to the Klenow fragment of bacterial DNA polymerase I that includes 3′-exonuclease but lacks 5′-exonuclease, were found to preferentially select for aminoadenine instead of adenine in deoxynucleoside triphosphate incorporation templated by thymine. Polymerase genes occur in synteny with genes for a biosynthesis enzyme that produces aminoadenine deoxynucleotides in a wide array of Siphoviridae bacteriophages. Congruent phylogenetic clustering of the polymerases and biosynthesis enzymes suggests that aminoadenine has propagated in DNA alongside adenine since archaic stages of evolution.

Science (Washington, DC, United States) published new progress about Bacteriophage. 452-06-2 belongs to class imidazoles-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C5H5N5, HPLC of Formula: 452-06-2.

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Bertini, Franco; Galli, Remo; Minisci, Francesco; Porta, Ombretta published the artcile< Free radical reactivity of the imidazole ring>, Reference of 36947-69-0, the main research area is imidazole alkylation; benzimidazole alkylation; free radial alkylation; imidazole carbamoylation.

Treating imidazole (I, R = H) by an aqueous Ag-catalyzed peroxydisulfate-decarboxylation of carboxylic acids gave 80-8% I (R = iso-Pr, tert-Bu). Similarly prepared were 50-93% II (R = Pr, iso-Pr, tert-Bu, cyclohexyl, PhOCH2) and 78% III (R = iso-Pr). II (R = H) with HCONH2 and aqueous tert-BuOOH-Fe2+ gave 60% II (R = CONH2).

Chimica e l’Industria (Milan, Italy) published new progress about Alkylation. 36947-69-0 belongs to class imidazoles-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C7H12N2, Reference of 36947-69-0.

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Sleiman, Dona; Garcia, Pierre Simon; Lagune, Marion; Loc′h, Jerome; Haouz, Ahmed; Taib, Najwa; Rothlisberger, Pascal; Gribaldo, Simonetta; Marliere, Philippe; Kaminski, Pierre Alexandre published the artcile< A third purine biosynthetic pathway encoded by aminoadenine-based viral DNA genomes>, Reference of 452-06-2, the main research area is purine pathway aminoadenine viral DNA genome PurZ structure phylogeny.

Cells have two purine pathways that synthesize adenine and guanine ribonucleotides from phosphoribose via inosylate. A chem. hybrid between adenine and guanine, 2-aminoadenine (Z), replaces adenine in the DNA of the cyanobacterial virus S-2L. We show that S-2L and Vibrio phage PhiVC8 encode a third purine pathway catalyzed by PurZ, a distant paralog of succinoadenylate synthase (PurA), the enzyme condensing aspartate and inosylate in the adenine pathway. PurZ condenses aspartate with deoxyguanylate into dSMP (N6-succino-2-amino-2′-deoxyadenylate), which undergoes defumarylation and phosphorylation to give dZTP (2-amino-2′-deoxyadenosine-5′-triphosphate), a substrate for the phage DNA polymerase. Crystallog. and phylogenetics analyses indicate a close relationship between phage PurZ and archaeal PurA enzymes. Our work elucidates the biocatalytic innovation that remodeled a DNA building block beyond canonical mol. biol.

Science (Washington, DC, United States) published new progress about Cyanobacteria phage S-2L. 452-06-2 belongs to class imidazoles-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C5H5N5, Reference of 452-06-2.

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Wang, Xiaolong; Zeng, Rui; Chu, Shengnan; Tang, Wei; Lin, Na; Fu, Jun; Yang, Jiangrong; Gao, Bo published the artcile< A quencher-free DNAzyme beacon for fluorescently sensing uranyl ions via embedding 2-aminopurine>, Application In Synthesis of 452-06-2, the main research area is DNAzyme beacon aminopurine uranyl ion selectivity sensitivity fluorescence; 2-Aminopurine; DNAzyme; Fluorescence; Quencher-free; Uranyl detection.

DNAzyme-based fluorescent probes have provided valuable protocols for detecting uranium, one of the most common radioactive contaminants in the environment, with ultra-high selectivity and sensitivity. Designing novel DNAzyme beacons to update the mode of fluorescence reporting and/or quenching will continuously enhance “”turn-on”” sensing performance as well as promote actual application of the biol. probes. In this work, we developed a novel quencher-free DNAzyme beacon by embedding fluorescent 2-aminopurine for rapid detection of uranyl ion. 2-aminopurine is able to substitute adenine and keep strong fluorescence in single-stranded DNA whereas being quenched in the hybridized double-stranded DNA by the base-stacking interaction. The combination of such trait of 2-aminopurine and cleavage reaction of DNAzyme in the presence of target co-factors possesses two main advantages for ion sensing: simplicity for avoidance of extra quencher groups and high performance because of superiority of DNAzyme essence. The exptl. conditions including embedding site, pH and salt concentration of buffer solutions, and the amount ratio of enzyme strand to substrate strand used to form DNAzymes were systematically optimized to inspire the highest performance of the biol. beacon. Thus, a detection limit of 9.6 nM, a wide linear range from 5 nM to 400 nM (R2 = 0.997), and selectivity of more than 400 000-fold over other metal ions were achieved by the novel DNAzyme probes.

Biosensors & Bioelectronics published new progress about Concentration (condition). 452-06-2 belongs to class imidazoles-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C5H5N5, Application In Synthesis of 452-06-2.

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Kumar, Ranjit; Kumar, Binod; Singh, S. P. published the artcile< Novel biotechnological method for production of ethanol by Saccharomyces cerevisiae RK-16 exposed to aflatoxine>, Category: imidazoles-derivatives, the main research area is Saccharomyces aflatoxine ethanol temperature pH incubation period molasses.

Aflatoxins are poisonous carcinogens that are produced by certain molds which grow in soil, decaying vegetation, hay, and grains. The influence of chem. mutagen, i.e., aflatoxine on bioprodn. of Et alc. by the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae RK-16 has been studied. It has been found that the chem. mutagen, i.e., aflatoxine at its molar concentration of 5.0 x 10-3M has stimulatory effect on biotechnol. method for production of ethanol by Saccharomyces cerevisiae RK-16 and enhances the yield of ethanol to an extent of 8.256% higher in comparison to control fermenter flask, i.e., 5.45mL/100 mL while molar concentration of aflatoxine under trial at 6.0 x 10-3M and onwards inhibits and retards the bioprodn. of Et alc. The molar concentration of aflatoxine has been employed in between 1.0 x 10-3M to 10 x 10-3M and has been found that at initial concentration, i.e., 1.0 x 10-3M it is least effective and at higher concentrations it gives insignificant yield of Et alc. Exptl. parameters has been optimized viz.: 30°C temperature 4.5 pH, 65 h incubation period with 18.5% (w/v) molasses solution along with other nutritional ingredients required by the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae RK-16.

Journal Chemtracks published new progress about Aflatoxins Role: BUU (Biological Use, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study), USES (Uses). 452-06-2 belongs to class imidazoles-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C5H5N5, Category: imidazoles-derivatives.

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Guillen, Danielle; Schievelbein, Mika; Patel, Kushkumar; Jose, Davis; Ouellet, Jonathan published the artcile< A simple and affordable kinetic assay of nucleic acids with SYBR Gold gel staining>, Product Details of C5H5N5, the main research area is nucleic acid SYBR gold gel staining kinetic assay.

Labeling substrates or products are paramount in determining enzymic kinetic parameters. Several options are available; many laboratories use either radioactive or fluorescent labeling because of their high sensitivity. However, those methods have their own drawbacks such as half-life decay, expensive and hazardous. Here, we propose a novel, simple, economical and fast alternative to substrate labeling for studying the kinetics of nucleic acids: post-migration gel staining with SYBR Gold. Cleavage rates similar to the ones reported in the literature for the I-R3 DNA-cleaving DNA enzyme in the presence of zinc chloride are an indication of the quality of the new method. Moreover, the activity of the hammerhead ribozyme was also monitored by our method to illustrate its versatility. This labeling-free method has several advantages such as its ease of use as well as cost effective and versatility with both non-structured and structured RNAs or DNAs.

PLoS One published new progress about Biological staining. 452-06-2 belongs to class imidazoles-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C5H5N5, Product Details of C5H5N5.

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Zhou, Yan; Xu, Xuexia; Wei, Yifeng; Cheng, Yu; Guo, Yu; Khudyakov, Ivan; Liu, Fuli; He, Ping; Song, Zhangyue; Li, Zhi; Gao, Yan; Ang, Ee Lui; Zhao, Huimin; Zhang, Yan; Zhao, Suwen published the artcile< A widespread pathway for substitution of adenine by diaminopurine in phage genomes>, Reference of 452-06-2, the main research area is pathway substitution adenine diaminopurine phage genome PurZ enzyme ZDNA.

DNA modifications vary in form and function but generally do not alter Watson-Crick base pairing. Diaminopurine (Z) is an exception because it completely replaces adenine and forms three hydrogen bonds with thymine in cyanophage S-2L genomic DNA. However, the biosynthesis, prevalence, and importance of Z genomes remain unexplored. Here, we report a multienzyme system that supports Z-genome synthesis. We identified dozens of globally widespread phages harboring such enzymes, and we further verified the Z genome in one of these phages, Acinetobacter phage SH-Ab 15497, by using liquid chromatog. with UV and mass spectrometry. The Z genome endows phages with evolutionary advantages for evading the attack of host restriction enzymes, and the characterization of its biosynthetic pathway enables Z-DNA production on a large scale for a diverse range of applications.

Science (Washington, DC, United States) published new progress about Bacteriophage. 452-06-2 belongs to class imidazoles-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C5H5N5, Reference of 452-06-2.

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Xu, Suowen; Jin, Tengchuan; Weng, Jianping published the artcile< Endothelial cells as a key cell type for innate immunity: a focused review on RIG-I signaling pathway>, Safety of 7H-Purin-2-amine, the main research area is review innate immunity endothelial cell signaling pathway RIGI; DDX58; RIG-I; endothelial cells; immunity; inflammation.

A review. The vascular endothelium consists of a highly heterogeneous monolayer of endothelial cells (ECs) which are the primary target for bacterial and viral infections due to EC’s constant and close contact with the bloodstream. Emerging evidence has shown that ECs are a key cell type for innate immunity. Like macrophages, ECs serve as sentinels when sensing invading pathogens or microbial infection caused by viruses and bacteria. It remains elusive how ECs senses danger signals, transduce the signal and fulfil immune functions. Retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I, gene name also known as DDX58) is an important member of RIG-I-like receptor (RLR) family that functions as an important pathogen recognition receptor (PRR) to execute immune surveillance and confer host antiviral response. Recent studies have demonstrated that virus infection, dsRNA, dsDNA, interferons, LPS, and 25-hydroxycholesterol (25-HC) can increase RIG-1 expression in ECs and propagate anti-viral response. Of translational significance, RIG-I activation can be inhibited by Panax notoginseng saponins, endogenous PPARγ ligand 15-PGJ2, tryptanthrin and 2-animopurine. Considering the pivotal role of inflammation and innate immunity in regulating endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis, here we provided a concise review of the role of RIG-I in endothelial cell function and highlight future direction to elucidate the potential role of RIG-I in regulating cardiovascular diseases as well as virus infectious disease, including COVID-19. Furthered understanding of RIG-I-mediated signaling pathways is important to control disorders associated with altered immunity and inflammation in ECs.

Frontiers in Immunology published new progress about Antiviral agents. 452-06-2 belongs to class imidazoles-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C5H5N5, Safety of 7H-Purin-2-amine.

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Camel, Benjamin R.; Jose, Davis; Meze, Katarina; Dang, Anson; von Hippel, Peter H. published the artcile< Mapping DNA conformations and interactions within the binding cleft of bacteriophage T4 single-stranded DNA binding protein (gp32) at single nucleotide resolution>, Electric Literature of 452-06-2, the main research area is DNA binding domain bacteriophage T4 gp32 single nucleotide resolution.

In this study, we use single-stranded DNA (oligo-dT) lattices that have been position-specifically labeled with monomer or dimer 2-aminopurine (2-AP) probes to map the local interactions of the DNA bases with the nucleic acid binding cleft of gp32, the single-stranded binding (ssb) protein of bacteriophage T4. Three complementary spectroscopic approaches are used to characterize these local interactions of the probes with nearby nucleotide bases and amino acid residues at varying levels of effective protein binding cooperativity, as manipulated by changing lattice length. These include: (i) examining local quenching and enhancing effects on the fluorescence spectra of monomer 2-AP probes at each position within the cleft; (ii) using acrylamide as a dynamic-quenching additive to measure solvent access to monomer 2-AP probes at each ssDNA position; and (iii) employing CD spectra to characterize changes in exciton coupling within 2-AP dimer probes at specific ssDNA positions within the protein cleft. The results are interpreted in part by what we know about the topol. of the binding cleft from crystallog. studies of the DNA binding domain of gp32 and provide addnl. insights into how gp32 can manipulate the ssDNA chain at various steps of DNA replication and other processes of genome expression.

Nucleic Acids Research published new progress about Bacteriophage T4 protein Gp32 Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 452-06-2 belongs to class imidazoles-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C5H5N5, Electric Literature of 452-06-2.

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Fuechtbauer, Anders F.; Wranne, Moa S.; Sarangamath, Sangamesh; Bood, Mattias; El-Sagheer, Afaf H.; Brown, Tom; Graden, Henrik; Grotli, Morten; Wilhelmsson, L. Marcus published the artcile< Lighting Up DNA with the Environment-Sensitive Bright Adenine Analogue qAN4>, Category: imidazoles-derivatives, the main research area is qAN4 DNA oligonucleotide solid phase synthesis photophys property; DNA; FRET; base pairing; nucleobase analogues; photophysics.

The fluorescent adenine analog qAN4 was recently shown to possess promising photophys. properties, including a high brightness as a monomer. Here we report the synthesis of the phosphoramidite of qAN4 and its successful incorporation into DNA oligonucleotides using standard solid-phase synthesis. CD and thermal melting studies indicate that the qAN4-modification has a stabilizing effect on the B-form of DNA. Moreover, qAN4 base-pairs selectively with thymine with mismatch penalties similar to those of mismatches of adenine. The low energy absorption band of qAN4 inside DNA has its peak around 358 nm and the emission in duplex DNA is partly quenched and blue-shifted (ca. 410 nm), compared to the monomeric form. The spectral properties of the fluorophore also show sensitivity to pH; a property that may find biol. applications. Quantum yields in single-stranded DNA range from 1-29 % and in duplex DNA from 1-7 %. In combination with the absorptive properties, this gives an average brightness inside duplex DNA of 275 M-1 cm-1, more than five times higher than the most used environment-sensitive fluorescent base analog, 2-aminopurine. Finally, we show that qAN4 can be used to advantage as a donor for interbase FRET applications in combination with adenine analog qAnitro as an acceptor.

ChemPlusChem published new progress about Circular dichroism. 452-06-2 belongs to class imidazoles-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C5H5N5, Category: imidazoles-derivatives.

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem