Author: Jessica.F

Synthesis of new formyl halo N-methylimidazole derivatives was written by El Borai, M.;Moustafa, A. H.;Anwar, M.;Ghattas, A. G.. And the article was included in Croatica Chemica Acta in 1981.HPLC of Formula: 25676-75-9 This article mentions the following:

Title compounds [I, R, R¹, R² = CHO, Br, H (II), Br, CHO, H; H, Br, CHO; CHO, H, Br; CHO, Br, Br] were prepared E. g., formylation of I (R = Br, R¹ = R² = H) followed by bromination gave II. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Bromo-1-methylimidazole (cas: 25676-75-9HPLC of Formula: 25676-75-9).

4-Bromo-1-methylimidazole (cas: 25676-75-9) belongs to imidazole derivatives. Among the different heterocyclic compounds, imidazole is better known due to its broad range of chemical and biological properties. Imidazole has become an important synthon in the development of new drugs. Imidazole has been usedin the lysis, wash and elution buffer for the purification of histidine tagged Sonic Hedgehog(shh-N) protein, in elution buffer in stepwise gradient for the purification of histidine tagged aldo keto reductases using nickel affinity chromatography, as a component of homogenization buffer for the purification of phagosomal compartments from dendritic cells.HPLC of Formula: 25676-75-9

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Defining Structure-Functional Selectivity Relationships (SFSR) for a Class of Non-Catechol Dopamine D₁ Receptor Agonists was written by Martini, Michael L.;Liu, Jing;Ray, Caroline;Yu, Xufen;Huang, Xi-Ping;Urs, Aarti;Urs, Nikhil;McCorvy, John D.;Caron, Marc G.;Roth, Bryan L.;Jin, Jian. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2019.COA of Formula: C7H5BrN2 This article mentions the following:

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are capable of downstream signaling through distinct noncanonical pathways such as β-arrestins in addition to the canonical G protein-dependent pathways. GPCR ligands that differentially activate the downstream signaling pathways are termed functionally selective or biased ligands. A class of novel non-catechol G protein-biased agonists of the dopamine D₁ receptor (D₁R) was recently disclosed. We conducted the first comprehensive structure-functional selectivity relationship study measuring G_S and β-arrestin2 recruitment activities focused on four regions of this scaffold, resulting in over 50 analogs with diverse functional selectivity profiles. Some compounds became potent full agonists of β-arrestin2 recruitment, while others displayed enhanced G_S bias compared to the starting compound Pharmacokinetic testing of an analog with an altered functional selectivity profile demonstrated excellent blood-brain barrier penetration. This study provides novel tools for studying ligand bias at D₁R and paves the way for developing the next generation of biased D₁R ligands. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Bromoimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine (cas: 69214-09-1COA of Formula: C7H5BrN2).

5-Bromoimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine (cas: 69214-09-1) belongs to imidazole derivatives. Imidazole is a heterocyclic compound with a five-membered planar ring. It is amphoteric and highly polar. Imidazole has been usedin the lysis, wash and elution buffer for the purification of histidine tagged Sonic Hedgehog(shh-N) protein, in elution buffer in stepwise gradient for the purification of histidine tagged aldo keto reductases using nickel affinity chromatography, as a component of homogenization buffer for the purification of phagosomal compartments from dendritic cells.COA of Formula: C7H5BrN2

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Heterogeneous Structures of Ionic Liquids as Probed by CO Rotation with Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Relaxation Analysis and Molecular Dynamics Simulations was written by Endo, Takatsugu;Sumida, Hiroki;Fujii, Kaori;Takahashi, Kenji;Kimura, Yoshifumi. And the article was included in Journal of Physical Chemistry B in 2020.Electric Literature of C18H31F6N3O4S2 This article mentions the following:

The rotational dynamics of carbon monoxide (CO) in ionic liquids (ILs) was investigated by NMR relaxation measurements and mol. dynamics (MD) simulations. NMR spin-lattice relaxation time measurements were performed for ¹⁷O-enriched CO in 10 ILs (four imidazolium-cation-based, four phosphonium-cation-based, and two ammonium-cation-based ILs, all paired with the bis(trifluorosulfonylmethane)imide anion). In combination with previously reported data for five ILs and viscosity data, our results indicated that the obtained rotational relaxation times (τ_2R) were much smaller than those predicted using the Stokes-Einstein-Debye (SED) theory. For the same viscosity/temperature values, the τ_2R^-1 value increased linearly with increasing carbon number of the alkyl group in the cation. The deviation from the SED equation was due to the insensitivity of τ_2R to the carbon number, even though a higher carbon number generally leads to higher viscosity values for ILs. To investigate the unique rotational properties of CO in the ILs, MD simulations were performed on five representative ILs (two imidazolium, two phosphonium, and one ammonium) containing CO solutes. From rotational correlation function analyses, the CO rotation mainly occurred in a free rotation-like manner within 1 ps, which explained the relative insensitivity of CO rotation to viscosity. In the subsequent time scale (>1 ps), the minor component of the CO rotation was discriminated among different ILs. It was strongly suggested that, because CO preferably locates in the outer part of the alkyl groups in the cation, the slow CO rotation is correlated with the outer alkyl dynamics, which are decoupled from the whole cation rotation. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Dodecyl-1-methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium bis((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)amide (cas: 404001-48-5Electric Literature of C18H31F6N3O4S2).

3-Dodecyl-1-methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium bis((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)amide (cas: 404001-48-5) belongs to imidazole derivatives. Imidazole derivatives generally have good solubility in protic solvents. Simple imidazole derivatives, such as 1H-imidazole, 2-methyl-1H-imidazole, and 1,2-dimethylimidazole, have very high solubility in water. Imidazole has been usedin the lysis, wash and elution buffer for the purification of histidine tagged Sonic Hedgehog(shh-N) protein, in elution buffer in stepwise gradient for the purification of histidine tagged aldo keto reductases using nickel affinity chromatography, as a component of homogenization buffer for the purification of phagosomal compartments from dendritic cells.Electric Literature of C18H31F6N3O4S2

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Differentiation of 1,4- and 1,5-disubstituted imidazoles was written by Matthews, H. Randall;Rapoport, Henry. And the article was included in Journal of the American Chemical Society in 1973.Safety of 1-Methyl-4-nitroimidazole This article mentions the following:

A method is presented for distinguishing 1,4- and 1,5-disubstituted imidazoles by their proton cross-ring coupling constants Other spectral methods also have been evaluated, as well as several methods which have been reported for differentiating such isomers. Comparison of these methods leads to the conclusion that the measurement of cross-ring coupling constants is the most generally satisfactory and reliable procedure. On this basis, structures are assigned to the carboxymethylhistidines, and the histamine metabolite is established as 1-β-d-ribofuranosyl-4- imidazoleacetic acid. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Methyl-4-nitroimidazole (cas: 3034-41-1Safety of 1-Methyl-4-nitroimidazole).

1-Methyl-4-nitroimidazole (cas: 3034-41-1) belongs to imidazole derivatives. Imidazole is a heterocyclic compound with a five-membered planar ring. It is amphoteric and highly polar. Imidazole is incorporated into many important biological compounds. The most pervasive is the amino acid histidine, which has an imidazole side-chain. Histidine is present in many proteins and enzymes, e.g. by binding metal cofactors, as seen in hemoglobin.Safety of 1-Methyl-4-nitroimidazole

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Palladium catalyzed carbonylative generation of potent, pyridine-based acylating electrophiles for the functionalization of arenes to ketones was written by Liu, Yi;Kaiser, Angela M.;Arndtsen, Bruce A.. And the article was included in Chemical Science in 2020.HPLC of Formula: 1632-83-3 This article mentions the following:

Design of a palladium catalyzed route to generate aryl ketones via the carbonylative coupling of (hetero)arenes and aryl- or vinyl-triflates was reported. Use of the large bite angle Xantphos ligand on palladium provides a unique avenue to balance the activation of the relatively strong C(sp²)-OTf bond with the ultimate elimination of a new class of potent Friedel-Crafts acylating agent: N-acyl pyridinium salts. The latter can be exploited to modulate reactivity and selectivity in carbonylative arene functionalization chem., and allow the efficient synthesis of ketones with a diverse array of (hetero)arenes. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Methylbenzimidazole (cas: 1632-83-3HPLC of Formula: 1632-83-3).

1-Methylbenzimidazole (cas: 1632-83-3) belongs to imidazole derivatives. Imidazole derivatives generally have good solubility in protic solvents. Simple imidazole derivatives, such as 1H-imidazole, 2-methyl-1H-imidazole, and 1,2-dimethylimidazole, have very high solubility in water. Imidazole based anticancer drug find applications in cancer chemotherapy. It is used as buffer component for purification of the histidine tagged recombinant proteins in immobilized metal-affinity chromatography (IMAC).HPLC of Formula: 1632-83-3

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Inhibitors of hepatic mixed function oxidases. II. Some benzimidazole, benzoxazole and benzothiazole derivatives was written by Holder, Gerald M.;Little, Peter J.;Ryan, Adrian J.;Watson, Thomas R.. And the article was included in Biochemical Pharmacology in 1976.Recommanded Product: 2-Octylbenzimidazole This article mentions the following:

Aminopyrine N-demethylase [9037-69-8] activity in rat liver microsomes was inhibited by 19 benzimidazole derivatives (e.g. I [615-15-6]), 2 benzoxazole derivatives, and 2 benzothiazole derivatives with 50% inhibitory concentrations (I50) ranging from 1.5 × 10-5M to 108 × 10-5M. Aniline p-hydroxylase [9012-80-0] activity was inhibited by all but 4 of these compounds, with I50 from 16 × 10-5M to 360 × 10-5M, and was stimulated by 3 of the compounds The I50 decreased with increasing lipophilicity caused by extension of the alkyl side chain and modification of the heterocyclic ring. The I50s for inhibition of each enzyme were correlated with the octanol/water partition coefficient of the compounds Quinalbarbitone [309-43-3] sleeping time in mice was increased by 14 out of 16 of the compounds tested. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Octylbenzimidazole (cas: 13060-24-7Recommanded Product: 2-Octylbenzimidazole).

2-Octylbenzimidazole (cas: 13060-24-7) belongs to imidazole derivatives. Many natural products, especially alkaloids, contain the imidazole ring. These imidazoles share the 1,3-C3N2 ring but feature varied substituents. This ring system is present in important biological building blocks, such as histidine and the related hormone histamine.Recommanded Product: 2-Octylbenzimidazole

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Highly efficient synthesis of cyclic carbonates from epoxides catalyzed by salen aluminum complexes with built-in “CO₂ capture” capability under mild conditions was written by Luo, Rongchang;Zhou, Xiantai;Chen, Shaoyun;Li, Yang;Zhou, Lei;Ji, Hongbing. And the article was included in Green Chemistry in 2014.Quality Control of 1-Octyl-1H-imidazole This article mentions the following:

A series of monometallic salen aluminum complexes were prepared by covalent linkage of the imidazolium-based ionic liquid moieties containing various polyether chains with the salen ligand at the two sides of the 5,5′-position. The salen aluminum complexes proved to be efficient and recyclable homogeneous catalysts towards the organic solvent-free synthesis of cyclic carbonates from epoxides and CO₂ in the absence of a co-catalyst. The catalysts presented excellent “CO₂ capture” capability due to the mols. containing polyether chains and the metal aluminum center, in which >90% yield of cyclic carbonate could be obtained under mild conditions. The catalysts can be easily recovered and six times reused without significant loss of activity and selectivity. Moreover, based on exptl. and previous work, the “CO₂ capture and activation” cycloaddition reaction mechanisms by monometallic or bimetallic salen aluminum complexes were both proposed. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Octyl-1H-imidazole (cas: 21252-69-7Quality Control of 1-Octyl-1H-imidazole).

1-Octyl-1H-imidazole (cas: 21252-69-7) belongs to imidazole derivatives. Many natural products, especially alkaloids, contain the imidazole ring. These imidazoles share the 1,3-C3N2 ring but feature varied substituents. This ring system is present in important biological building blocks, such as histidine and the related hormone histamine.Quality Control of 1-Octyl-1H-imidazole

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Synthesis of new hypoxia markers EF1 and [¹⁸F]-EF1 was written by Kachur, Alexander V.;Dolbier, William R. Jr.;Evans, Sydney M.;Shiue, Chyng-Yann;Shiue, Grace G.;Skov, Kirsten A.;Baird, Ian R.;James, Brian R.;Li, An-Rong;Roche, Alex;Koch, Cameron J.. And the article was included in Applied Radiation and Isotopes in 1999.Name: 2-(2-Nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)acetic acid This article mentions the following:

We report on the preparation of a hypoxia marker 2-(2-nitroimidazol-1[H]-yl)-N-(3-fluoropropyl)acetamide (EF1, I) and its ¹⁸F analog. Two methods for the preparation of 3-fluoropropylamine, the EF1 side chain, are described. [¹⁸F]-EF1 was prepared with a radiochem. yield of 2% by nucleophilic substitution of bromine in 2-(2-nitroimidazol-1[H]-yl)-N-(3-bromopropyl)acetamide (EBr1) by carrier-added ¹⁸F in DMSO at 120°. Our results demonstrate the preparation of clin. relevant amounts of [¹⁸F]-EF1 for use as a non-invasive hypoxia marker with detection using positron emission tomog. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(2-Nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)acetic acid (cas: 22813-32-7Name: 2-(2-Nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)acetic acid).

2-(2-Nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)acetic acid (cas: 22813-32-7) belongs to imidazole derivatives. Among the different heterocyclic compounds, imidazole is better known due to its broad range of chemical and biological properties. Imidazole has become an important synthon in the development of new drugs. Imidazole also acts as a microtubule destabilizing agents and inhibits topoisomerase and Cytochrome P450 Family 26 Subfamily A Member 1 (CYP26A1) enzymes.Name: 2-(2-Nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)acetic acid

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

Completely N¹-selective palladium-catalyzed arylation of unsymmetric imidazoles: application to the synthesis of nilotinib was written by Ueda, Satoshi;Su, Mingjuan;Buchwald, Stephen L.. And the article was included in Journal of the American Chemical Society in 2012.Computed Properties of C8H8N2 This article mentions the following:

The completely N¹-selective Pd-catalyzed arylation of unsym. imidazoles with aryl halides and triflates is described. This study showed that imidazoles have a strong inhibitory effect on the in situ formation of the catalytically active Pd(0)-ligand complex. The efficacy of the N-arylation reaction was improved drastically by the use of a preactivated solution of Pd₂(dba)₃ and ligand I. From these findings, it is clear that while imidazoles can prevent binding of I to Pd, once the ligand is bound to the metal, these heterocycles do not displace it. The utility of the present catalytic system was demonstrated by the regioselective synthesis of the clin. important tyrosine kinase inhibitor nilotinib. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 7-Methyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazole (cas: 4887-83-6Computed Properties of C8H8N2).

7-Methyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazole (cas: 4887-83-6) belongs to imidazole derivatives. Imidazole derivatives generally have good solubility in protic solvents. Simple imidazole derivatives, such as 1H-imidazole, 2-methyl-1H-imidazole, and 1,2-dimethylimidazole, have very high solubility in water. Imidazole based anticancer drug find applications in cancer chemotherapy. It is used as buffer component for purification of the histidine tagged recombinant proteins in immobilized metal-affinity chromatography (IMAC).Computed Properties of C8H8N2

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem

N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Transition Metal Complexes: Spectroscopic and Crystallographic Analyses of π-Back-bonding Interactions was written by Khramov, Dimitri M.;Lynch, Vincent M.;Bielawski, Christopher W.. And the article was included in Organometallics in 2007.Electric Literature of C4H5N3O2 This article mentions the following:

The ability of N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) to participate in π-back-bonding interactions was evaluated in a range of transition metal complexes. Rh chloride complexes containing a systematic series of various 1,3-dimethyl-4,5-disubstituted-imidazol-2-ylidenes and either 1,5-cyclooctadiene (cod) or two CO ligands were synthesized (i.e., (NHC)RhCl(cod) and (NHC)RhCl(CO)₂, resp.; NHC = C₃N₂Me₂-1,3-R₂-4,5 (R = H, Cl, CN)) and studied using ¹H NMR and IR spectroscopies. In the former series, the ¹H NMR chem. shifts of the signals attributable to the olefin trans to the NHC ligand shift downfield by up to 0.17 ppm as the π-acidity of the substituents on the 4,5-positions increased (i.e., H â†?Cl â†?CN). Similarly, in the latter series, the IR stretching frequencies of the carbonyl groups trans to the NHC ligands increase by 11 ± 0.5 cm^-1 as π-acidity increased over the same series. Using the nitrile group as a diagnostic handle, the CN stretching frequency of (1,3-dimethyl-4,5-dicyanoimidazol-2-ylidene)(cod)RhCl is 4 ± 0.5 cm^-1 > (1,3-dimethyl-4,5-dicyanoimidazol-2-ylidene)(CO)₂RhCl, a more π-acidic analog. X-ray anal. of the aforementioned series of (NHC)(cod)RhCl complexes indicated changes in N-C_carbene bond lengths that were consistent with greater π-donation from complexes containing 4,5-dihydroimidazol-2-ylidene relative to their 4,5-dicyano analogs. Collectively, these results suggest not only that imidazol-2-ylidenes are capable of π-back-bonding but that this interaction may be tuned by changing the π-acidity of the substituents on the imidazole ring. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Methyl-4-nitroimidazole (cas: 3034-41-1Electric Literature of C4H5N3O2).

1-Methyl-4-nitroimidazole (cas: 3034-41-1) belongs to imidazole derivatives. Imidazole is a heterocyclic compound with a five-membered planar ring. It is amphoteric and highly polar. Imidazole has been usedin the lysis, wash and elution buffer for the purification of histidine tagged Sonic Hedgehog(shh-N) protein, in elution buffer in stepwise gradient for the purification of histidine tagged aldo keto reductases using nickel affinity chromatography, as a component of homogenization buffer for the purification of phagosomal compartments from dendritic cells.Electric Literature of C4H5N3O2

Referemce:
Imidazole – Wikipedia,
Imidazole | C3H4N2 – PubChem